Tari
A watan Fabrairu 1600, a murabba'in furanni, Rome ya yanke masa hukuncin kisa ta hanyar cinye nazarin Italiyanci na Italiya. Halin Bruno yana da matukar damuwa cewa game da aikinsa a kimiyyar duniya da Falsafa suna zuwa yanzu. Jordano ta kirkiri ka'idar Copericus game da tsarin sararin samaniya, tabbatar da cewa taurari suna motsa jikin sama da sararin samaniya, kuma sararin samaniya ba shi da iyaka. Amma da Galili tare da Hoton HiteIOCanciric na duniya, wanda aka azabta binciken. Me yasa aka ƙone Bruno?
Halin da ake ciki shima mai ban sha'awa ne saboda a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, cocin Katolika ya sake fasalin yanke shawara game da binciken game da masana kimiyya da masana falsafa, amma Jordan ta ba da lambarsu. Haka kuma, Ikklisiya tana goyon bayan shawarar binciken. Don haka ya sa bayin Jordan ta ba su damar shigar da kansu? Shin akwai batun a ra'ayoyin kimiyya ko kuma dalilin ya ci gaba da zurfi?
Yaro da matasa
An haifi Philip Bruno a cikin 1548, a cikin garin Nola, a cikin gidan ibada na hayaƙi Giovanni da kuma talaka mai daɗi. A cikin 1559, yaron ya tafi naples don koya daga ilimin kimiyya, gami da yaruka, adabi da dabaru. Shekaru huɗu bayan haka, Filibus ya aika zuwa gidan sufi, inda ya yi shekara 10. A nan, yaron ya sami suna na biyu, wanda ya zama sananne ga duniya - Jordano.
A gidan sufi, Philpic ya yi nazarin littafin Copericus "a kan juyawa na sararin samaniya da kuma ptolemy, yana nuna rashin daidaituwa game da wadannan abubuwan lura. A cikin 24, Joranoo ya zama firist, ya kuwa kashe firist na farko. Dangane da bayanan jaruntaka na matasa dan'uwan Joranoa, wadanda suka zarge shi a cikin heresy.
Ya tilasta wani karamin bonk don tafiya. Ya bar yankin Italiya a cikin 1574 ya yi yawo da yankin Turai. A tsawon shekaru, Bruno ya ziyarci Switzerland, Ingila, Faransa, Jamus. A cikin 1577, isa cikin Toulouse (Faransa), Bruno Karanta laccoci kan Kimiyya da Falsafar Aristotle. Bayan shekaru biyu, Jordano, tuni a Paris, ya gaya wa jama'a game da ayyukan Falsafo, Thully, wanda aka raba duniyar da shi.
Amma shekaru biyar bayan haka, rikici tare da masu goyon bayan koyarwar Aristotle sannan ya tilasta barin Paris, wanda ya bar Paris, wanda ya zo ya bar Paris zuwa London. A Ingila, Jordano yayi aiki da fyaɗe da kuma rubuta adadin falsafar falsafar. A cikin 1586, mai tunani ya tafi Jamus, amma laccoci ya hana a cikin Marburg. Sannan Bruno ya dauki koyarwa a Wittenberg.
Kimiyya
Jordano Bruno ta rubuta alkawarin da aka yi wa falango, ya yi magana da magunguna, lectored, amma a sannu a sannu a gaba a ƙarshe ya tilasta masa ya daina inganta tunaninsu. SANOVNIK, wanda daga baya ya halarci hukuncin kisa, ya rubuta cewa Jordopher ne babban tunani, masanin ilimin falsafa.
Bruno ya yi tsayayya da cocin Katolika da gaba, a kan wani addinin da ya kasance a kan wani addini mai gudana a wancan lokacin, yana kiran su cikas ga kimiyya don shawo kan cigaban su. A cikin 1584 aikinsa "akan rashin iyaka, sararin samaniya da duniyoyi" an buga su.
Wannan aiki wani lokaci ana ɗauka a matsayin tushen karatun muhalli na zamani, gami da rukunan hadin kan duniya da liyafa da raunin da ke cikin sararin samaniya.
A daidai yake, aikin "pir akan ash", wanda ya kunshi maganganu biyar da aka sadaukar da su ga farfaganen ilimin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Copericicus. Tare da su, marubucin ya bayyana tunanin sa game da rashin lafiyar sararin samaniya da yawa na duniya. A wannan aikin, wannan bangaskiyar da aka bayyana a karon farko a matsayin mai zaman kansa, Almasihu, wanda ake sau da yawa ya danganta ga masana bikin na zamani.
Inganta ra'ayoyin Copericicus a kan juyawa duniya da sauran taurari a cikin orbits a kusa da rana kamar naman alade da girgiza. Masa masanaci a cikin jihohin tsakiyar Turai, Bruno ya tafi Prague. Akwai 'yan mafi yawan litattafai sadaukar da kai ga sihiri.
Gabaɗaya, falsafar Bruno ta dogara da Neoplatonism - ya yi imani da cewa akwai wani farawa, wanda ya ci gaba da komai a cikin sararin samaniya. Amma ba kawai da farko da aka kira da farko da Allah ba kawai da farko, kuma cikin yanayi, har ma da mutum - wannan Cocin ya goge kuma ba zai iya ba.
A yau, masu bincike suna jayayya cewa babu mahimmancin ilimin kimiyya game da Bruno, tunda kawai suna ci gaba da koyarwar Copernicus, amma ba mai tabbatar da tushen shaidar ba. Dukkanin ra'ayoyin da kuma gano Jordano ta sa a cikin jirgin sama na mytrism ko ilimin halin dan Adam, kuma ba ilmin taurari ba.
Koyaya, don musun ƙimar binciken abubuwan binciken na Bruno don kimiyyar zamani. Ba daidai ba: kasancewar falsafa, mutum mai ganuwa, da dai sauransu, da sauransu.
Rayuwar sirri
Game da rayuwar mutum Bruno kusan babu abin da aka sani. Jordano bai yi aure ba, ba ta da 'ya'ya, har ma da mabiyan nan ko da ba su da tunani. Wasu masu bita na bi suna ba da izinin zato ɗan yaren yaren na falsafar. Koyaya, ba abin mamaki bane ga ɗabi'un zamanin zamanai da kuma, musamman ga bayin Ikilisiya.
A cikin hoto na bayanan da aka adana, Joranoo ya bayyana ga saurayi mai rauni tare da magana mai zurfi. Wannan tunani, sha'awar kimiya da kuma Masallacinsu sun maye gurbin mutumin farin ciki da raɗaɗi na duniya da farin ciki na ruri a cikin mata.
Mutuwa
Komawa daga Wanderings a Turai baya zuwa Italiya, Jordan Bruno ya fadi a hannun binciken. A cewar da yawa daga cikin nazarin mu, Falsafar na iya nisanta hukuncin kisa, idan ba don wasanninsa ne da fa'idodin da suka samu ba kuma Estates kuma ba abubuwan da suka dace ba. Sauran masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa maganganun masu zurfin tunani game da yawan halittu da rashin iyaka na duniya sun zama babban dalilin binciken.
Amma bayan duk, ka'idodin Galilean a fili sun sabawa koyarwar coci, me yasa magudi ya kula da shi da ƙarfi da haƙuri? A cewar masu binciken, amsar wannan tambayar ta ta'allaka ne da hanyoyin da masu tunani suka yi amfani da su. Galileo masanin kimiyyar al'ada ne wanda ya yi amfani da kayan aikin lissafi a cikin ci gaban ka'idoji. Kuma Jorano, mai zurfin ciki, wanda ya yi amfani da sihiri maimakon hanyoyin kimiyya inda babu isasshen muhawara.
Yawancin ɗaliban nazarin sun ce kisan Jordan Bruno ta zama sakamakon ba da yawa don yin gwagwarmaya tare da faduwa da fadakarwa, nawa gwagwarmaya ga iko. Ya kasance mai ban mamaki a cikin koyarwarsa, da kuma manyan ayyukansa sun ƙaryata game da addini kamar yadda, wanda ya kasance mai aminci mai haɗari a cikin ƙara girman tsakiyar zamanai. An kama Bruno bayan Denungiyan na wani ukchenito, zargin Falsafo a heresy. Tasharawar ta kasance shekara shida, wanda Mashomeroper ya yi aiki a cikin ɗaurin kurkuku a gidan yarin Roman.
Yawancin masu bincike sun yi imani cewa binciken ya ba da damar ga tsohon firist don rabuwa da heresy kuma ya rayu, amma ya ƙi. Rubutun jumla, wanda aka za'ocin da za'ayi game da Jordano, an san cewa laifin ne cewa Laifi na tsohon Minista na Ikilisiya. Kusakar da barazanar kocin Ikilisiya ne da suka zama babban dalilin aiwatar da zartarwa da kuma masanin wulakanci.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
Halin Jordano Bruno tana da ban mamaki cewa tatsuniyoyi game da shi suna tafiya fiye da gaskiyar tarihin rayuwa. Wannan shi ne saboda dangantakar masu bincike game da ka'idodinta da koyarwar sa. Kuma hakika, da yawa ban sha'awa abubuwa sun faru a cikin rayuwar mai tunani. Don haka, a cikin rayuwar rayuwa, a gidan sufi, ɗan'uwan Joranoo ya nuna shakku game da bacin rai na Yesu Kiristi ta hanyar birgima na kakannin. Wannan hujja a lokacin da sau da yawa ana maimaita binciken yayin shari'ar.
Aiki na dogon lokaci a Faransa, duk da kin amincewa da Ikklisiyar Ikklisiya ta ministocin gida, an yi bayani ta hanyar mamaki ta hanyar mamaki. Herrich III ya ja hankalinsa kuma ya nemi a gare shi ya koya masa abubuwan ban mamaki. Tare da wannan tambayar daga baya ya juya zuwa Bruno wani arisocrat daga Venoice daga Venice, amma daga baya ya rubuta Dono ga malaminsa, yana zargin shi a cikin maganganun 'yan adawar.
A cewar Velmazby, Jordano ya ga cewa Yesu mai sihiri ya bayar da jayayya cewa mutuwarsa ba ta da rai, kuma zunuban mutane ba su iyo a wannan tunanin Krista, amma ana sa su Reincarnation bayan mutuwar jikin mutum.
Je'ar da aka yi sakamakon shi ne na falsafa kamar "hukuncin kisa na jini", wanda ke nufin mutuwa a wuta. Kuma ayyukan Jordano Bruno suna cikin jerin wa littattafan da cocin Katolika, har zuwa tsakiyar karni na ashirin.
Yanzu, a kan murabba'in furanni a Roma, akwai abin tunawa ga mai tunani wanda ya yi la'akari da kansa shahidi. Amma har ma da gano abin tunawa ya wuce tare da abin kunya da kuma zanga-zangar endal. Wani gaskiyar abin ban sha'awa shi ne, duk da sha'awar Ikilisiya, daga baya, al'umma ta kowa ta gyara sunan Jordan Renar. .
Littafi daya
- 1582 - "A cikin inuwa na ra'ayoyi"
- 1582 - "Artict of Memory"
- 1582 - "Waƙar Circeda"
- 1582 - "A cikin hadarin da aka halatta da ƙarin fasahar lullly"
- 1583 - "Tunawa da Tunawa", ko "ma'adanin tunawa"
- 1583 - "Fitar da Sealwa"
- 1584 - "Girma akan ash"
- 1584 - "A dalilin, farawa, da wani"
- 1584 - "A cikin rashin iyaka, sararin samaniya da duniya"
- 1585 - Killesky Jake
- 1586 - "A kan fassarar mafarki"
- 1588 - "Ku kãmã abin da yake a kan mutãnehumatica"
- 1595 - "Cidaya na kalmomin metaphysical"