Plato - Hoto, tarihin rayuwa, rayuwar mutum, sanadin mutuwa, ilimin falsafar Girka

Tari

An kafa ka'idodi na falsafar a cikin tsufa. Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato - PLOT - Manyan marubutan, masana kimiyya da masu tunani da tunani na lokacinsu. Dukkansu sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban falsafa, kuma game da Plato Fofis Woodhead Woodhead whorofier, a qarshe, lura da ayyukan tsohon Helenanci, wanda ya zama wanda ya kafa ayyukan kyakkyawan shugabanci.

Yaro da matasa

A daidai shekarar da aka haifi Falsafar, ba a sani ba. Akwai zato cewa abin ya faru a cikin 428 ko 427 BC. Ana la'akari da ranar haihuwa Mayu 21 (12 Farrelion), a wannan ranar Girkawa suna bikin ranar haihuwar ɗan Zeus da Titanies bazara - Apollo.

Babu wani bayani dalla-dalla game da inda ake haihuwa. Ana kiran yawancin hanyoyin da aka fi kira garin Athens, amma akwai wani zaɓi. A cewarsa, tarihin rayuwar Falsiko ya fara ne a tsibirin nan gaba na Aernopher, wanda a Athena, dangin Slic, ya koma yara da kyau.

Af, ba wai kawai shekara da kuma wurin haihuwar plato ake yi la'akari da rigima ba. Akwai ra'ayi cewa a zahiri da falsafar kira dan ariscon, kuma Plato shine sunan barkwanci da ya samu daga Argos, saboda mawallen kafada ("Platts" daga cikin tsohuwar " ). A karo na farko, wannan tarihi ya ambata wannan tarihin Diogenky Laneertsky.

Iyayen Plato sun bi da Asistocrats. Mahaifiyar Sarkin Attaler - mahaifiyar Sarkin Ateniyawa ta maimaitawar Solon. Ta mahaifiyar Plo, Plato tana da Unitoci biyu, mai matukar muhimmanci, mambobin kungiyar masu kisan gilla. Tasanans ". Baya ga Plato, Ariston da Perktoni (don haka ake kira iyayensa) akwai wasu 'ya'yan Glazaton da adon' yar gidan wuta.

Yara sun karɓi halittun kishiya na gargajiya - abin da ake kira ilimi, wanda ya hada da sarai, halin kirki da ilimi a cikin tsarin (mai suna bayan muz). Ta koyar da Plato a wannan lokacin discomeroper an fentin, mai bin Hercelite efesse. A karkashin jagorancinsa, makomar ta yi nazarin adabi, rhetoric, xa'a, kyawawan halaye na kimiyya da sauran ma'aikata.

Yayin da yake nazarin kyakkyawan sakamako, Plato da aka cimma a cikin wallafe-wallafen, zane-zane da gwagwarmaya, daga baya suka halarci wasannin Olympic da Nemean.

Yarencin yara da matasa sun fadi a kan yamma Era, lokacin da matsoraci, tef da Korestolubiye suka bazu tsakanin jama'a. Yanayin ne kawai ya karfafa rikice-rikicen soja tsakanin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Bossing da poloponyky.

Fa'idodin siyasa na Ariston yayi kokarin kafa rayuwar 'yan ƙasa. Saboda haka, yana son ɗansa bayan samun ilimi, ma, ya zama dan siyasa, amma ya saba da wasu ra'ayoyi kan makomar gaba. Ya gwada kansa a rubuce rubuce, rubuta waƙoƙi da wasan kwaikwayo.

A cikin 408 BC Ns. Young PLOTE ya yanke shawarar dangana da bala'i ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gida. Ya shiga cikin tsofaffi, amma mai ƙarfi mutum. Suna da taɗi da suka juya rayuwar yaron daga kafafunsa a kansa, kuma ya ba da sabon rayuwa. Wannan mutumin ya kasance majrutu.

Rayuwar sirri

Rayuwar sirri Plot ce mai ban mamaki har ma ga masana tarihi waɗanda suka karu da gaskiyar rayuwar halittar hatsi. Falsafer ya yi wa'azin dukiyar masu zaman kansu, da kuma matan mata, maza da yara. Sabili da haka, ba shi yiwuwa a ware mata ɗaya matala, kamar yadda ba za a iya kiran 'ya'yan halittar ta.

A bisa hukuma, an taba yin aure. Shi da kansa ya inganta manufar soyayya ta Platonic, yana yin wannan jin mutuwar mutane da kulawa tsakanin ɗalibai da malami, yana bayyana cewa ba lallai ba ne a ƙaunaci jikin mutum, amma ransa. Mahalijiyoyin da ya yi la'akari da wani abu kaɗan cewa kuna buƙatar samun damar sarrafawa.

Falsafa da ra'ayoyi

Koyarwar Socrates ta gyara, ya bambanta da abin da aka fice daga abin da ya gabata. A cikin falsafarsa, mai da hankali kan karatun salama da dabi'ar da ta canza wa mutum. Ra'ayoyin da bayanan Sojojin Sojojin Sojojin Solatrates sun burge su da slaco, wanda ayyukan na ƙarshen suka faɗa.

A cikin 399 BC Ns. Socrates ya yanke hukunci da yanke hukuncin kisa. An tuhumi Falsafar ba a girmama gumaka ba, wanda mazauna garin suka saukar, kuma a maimakon haka ya rarraba wani sabon imani, ta hakan ya rutsa da mutane. Na girmamawa ga abubuwan da suka gabata, ciki har da shigar da aka ba da izinin kariyar (a kan, Plato an rubuta su ta hanyar shan guba daga kwano.

Plato wanda POTO ya rinjayi kisan gilla, ya haifar da ƙiyayya da ƙiyayya da dimokiradiyya. Bayan rasuwar malamin, yana tafiya akan tafiya, manufofin ta zama sananne tare da sauran masana kimiyya, musayar kwarewa tare da su da ilimin yaren da ke cikin tushe. A cikin shekaru 10-15 na gaba, da kuma ziyarar Falsafar Megahar, Kypreu, Finika da Masar. A wannan lokacin, ya sami damar haduwa da tattaunawa da gine-ginen Tartan, tare da sauran daliban Sunderatratrates Euclide da masu sihiri da kuma Haldia. A karshen tilasta plaoro da muhimmanci shiga cikin falsafa.

Bayan tsawan wanderings, Plato ya isa gajiya. A cikin tsare-tsaren Fellsofer shine kirkiro sabon matsayi tare da shugaban shugaban soja DOIONIA (Hakanan ana kiranta Syracuse). A cewar mutumin, a cikin sabon jihar, dole ne masana falsafa, ba su sha guba na kwano a karkashin crumbing taron shan taba. Amma ra'ayin bai taba gane ba: Dionysius ya juya ya zama azzalumi, wanda dabaru da sloro ya bambanta.

Bayan haka, da Fallashanci ya yanke shawarar komawa zuwa Atina. Garin da aka tilasta slot don sake fasalin ra'ayoyi game da cikakken jihar. Sakamakon waɗannan tunani an buɗe a cikin 387 BC. Ns. Kungiyar Kwalejin ita ce cibiyar ilimi wacce Plato ta fara horar da wasu mutane. Don haka aka kirkiro da sabon addini da jam'iyyun jam'iyyar.

An kira makarantar Plato ta girmamawa ga yankin da darassi a wajen na Athens), da kuma inda aka bautar da kanta bayan da jarumin tekun Hekadem. A cikin makarantar Pillanic, ɗalibai nazarin ilimin lissafi, Falsafa, Kimiyya ta halitta, al'adu da sauran ilimin kimiyya. Horarwa ya faru ta hanyar maganganu: Plato la'akari cewa wannan ita ce hanya mafi kyau don sanin ainihin abubuwan.

Ofaya daga cikin tattaunawarsa an buga ƙarƙashin sunan "Pich", an wakilta shi ta hanyar tattaunawar tsoffin Heleniyawa, waɗanda suka yaba wa Allah erota. Rubutun Falsafa ya faɗi game da ƙauna, jinsunansa da sanin wannan ji. Matsayin tsakiya na cikin ra'ayoyin Socrates akan kyawawan, jigon wanda yake da kyau.

Malamai da ɗaliban makarantar makarantar sun zauna tare, wannan mutumin da aka yike shi a cikin mabiyan Pythagra. Studentsaliban sun kasance ilmin taurari kaɗan (wanda ke kusa da sloro tare da koyarwar gabanta da addinai) da kuma falsafa.

A cikin 366 da 361 BC. Ns. Plato ya sake ziyartar Sicion abokina - Syesarcuse da Shurin Dionyaus. Dondia bata da wannan jeri, abin da ya fi so mu fahimci kisan Dion. Mutuwar wani aboki baƙin ƙarfe da baƙin ƙarfe da kuma tilasta wa Athins, inda Falsafafa ya ci gaba da koyan mabiyan kafin ƙarshen rana.

Daga baya, a cikin sha'awar kirkirar ra'ayi game da mutum da sarari, da falsafa ya zo ga kyakkyawan kyakkyawan yanayin. A rubuce-rubucen, ya yi tunani game da rai da maganar banza, yin imani da cewa duk abubuwan da ke kewaye da mutum sune sakamakon haɗin cikin abubuwa, ra'ayoyi da rayuka. Plato ya yi imani cewa akwai kyakkyawan duniyar abubuwa. A cewarsa, duk abubuwan da wannan duniyar cikakkiyoyi ne cikakke, abubuwan da aka samu wadanda suke a zahiri.

Zuwa yau, ba aikin asali na Plato ba ne, amma akwai kwafi. Mafi yawan kwanakin aikin falsafar an samo shi a cikin birnin Pembiya (160 kilomita kudu maso yamma na Alkahira), wanda aka rubuta a Masar Papyrus.

Ayyukan Ploro's suna tsari na gidajen Platean. Domin amincin da aka tattara na Falsafar da aka tattara, na gode da tsohuwar Hellenanci Bitet Aristfana Bitzantine. Af, shi a karon farko da tsarin ayyukan Plato, raba su a kan trilogy.

Daga baya, da sake fasalin kudin gudanar da wani Falsafa Trasl daga Menda, da kotu astrologer Tiberius Julia Kaisar Augustas. Trasill da aka tattara abubuwan da aka sanya a Plato a cikin Tetralgy, irin wannan rabuwa yanzu.

Akwai wasu yunƙurin da aka yi da rukunin Masanin Faliksofer. Siffar da Alexiquity Alexei Fedorovich ya rasa shahara. Dangane da ba a rasa littafin Plton ba, ya cancanci rabawa da kwanaki 4 - da wuri ("eion", da sauransu), balaga "," Jiha ", da sauransu) da marigayi (" dokoki "da" bayan-jirgin sama ").

Lokaci guda na jama'a don jama'a ne ga samfurin Plato "Timy". Halin da ake ciki da Italiyanci ya gyara lamarin dan kasar Italiya Ficino (1433-1499), wanda ya fassara sauran aikin daga tsohuwar helenanci zuwa Latin.

Mutuwa

Bayan kisan Dion na Syracuse a cikin 354 BC. Ns. Plato ya koma Athens, inda ya rayu har zuwa ƙarshen kwanakin. A cikin ƙarshe zamanin rayuwa, ya fara aiki kan wani sabon littafi "da irin wannan." Kafuwar Kwadago Placo ta riga ta tsara kuma ta raba shi tare da ɗalibai. Koyaya, an motsa tunani a kan takarda kuma bai fito ba.

Masana tarihi ya rubuta cewa daliban Sojan Socia bai taba ganin dariya ba, yayin da ya tafi tare da Tomik Aristophan, babban mawaki. Duk da ma'anar playo a cikin falsafar, an san shi game da rayuwar ta yau da kullun, a cikin maganganun kawai a lokaci-lokaci lokaci-lokaci lokaci-lokaci lokaci-lokaci lokaci-lokaci lokaci ne kawai a wasu lokuta lokaci-lokaci a wani lokaci lokaci-lokaci lokaci-lokaci lokaci-lokaci lokaci-lokaci lokaci-lokaci lokaci-lokaci lokaci-lokaci lokaci-lokaci lokaci ne kawai a wasu lokuta lokaci-lokaci lokaci ne kawai a wasu lokuta lokaci-lokaci.

A kan ranar haihuwar ku a 348 (ko 347) BC. Ns. Plato ya bar wannan duniyar saboda dalilai na halitta, la'akari da shekarunsa. Babu sigar ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru. Ga ɗayansu, mutumin ya mutu a tebur, a ɗayan akan bikin bikin aure. Hakanan, daya daga cikin dalilan mutuwar da ake kira Pediculosis, amma dangane da wannan a cikin "Tarihin Stanley" Thomas Stanley "ya ba da wannan jita-jita da bai ji labari ba.

Aka binne masofi a cikin Geramics, ba kusa da Kwalejin ba. A kan kabarinsa an sassaka kalmomin:

"'Ya'yan yara maza sun rayar da APOLLO, Eskulp da Plato. Daya yana warkar da jiki, ɗayan kuma - da rai. "

A ƙwaƙwalwar Plagen, an rubuta zane-zane da kuma yin zane. A matsayina na hali, da falsafa ya bayyana a cikin Kinochartes "Jin jini, 'yan zaune da mutuwa" (1948), "Pir Marai (1980). A shekara ta 2010, an fitar da fasalin fim din Socrates ", wanda Poto ta bayyana.

Tunani da Binciko

A zuciyar Falsafar Polosophy ya qiri da ka'idar Socratrates, a cewar da abin da zai dace ta gaskiya wacce zata iya duniya ta mutu mai zaman kanta, mai daukar nauyin duniya. Farawa shine asalin, Eidosa (ra'ayoyi), ba a cikin sararin samaniya da lokaci ba. Tunani cikin fahimtar juna da kansa, sabili da haka, ana iya koyon su. An bayyana wannan a ayyukan canji da balaga.

A cikin ayyukan Plato "Kristen" da "lokaci", da farko sun bayyana tarihin Atlantis, wanda shine mafi kyawun jihar. Gaskiya ne, ba zai yiwu a tantance ainihin wurinsa ba. Mai yiwuwa, tsibirin ya kasance a Yammacin Hercules Hercules. Fuskarsa ta asarar falsafar da ya hada tare da girgizar kasa wacce ta faru, saboda wanda jihar tsibirin ta shiga cikin ruwa tare da mazaunanta - Atlants.

A karo na farko, sha'awar Atlantis ya bayyana a cikin rabuwar magana da Renaissance foshin, amma a cikin kimiyya, tambayoyi game da ainihin rayuwarta ya kasance rigima. A saboda wannan, labarin tsibirin an dauki labarin almara, amma yunƙurin neman gaskiya da abubuwan da ke tabbatar da kasancewarsa ba a gudanar da ita sau ɗaya ba.

Plato sau da yawa harba ninel dioen daga ga Sinop (wanda ya rayu a cikin ganga kuma ya yi tafiya da rana tare da wani lakuna "a cikin binciken mutum"). Lokacin da Plato ya ce game da mutum, cewa wannan dabba mai kwari ne, wanda ba shi da gashin fuka-fukai, diogen ya tsallake shi da kaza kaza, yana kiran mutumin Plontonan, yana kiran mutumin da aka yi. Bayan haka, dole ne falsafar da aka kara wa falsafa mai magana "da lebur (manyan m".

Plato abokin hamayya ne na so da bayyanar bayyanar motsin zuciyarmu, ya yi imani cewa irin wannan halayyar ta yi ƙasa kuma ya ƙunshi farawa mai cutarwa. Ra'ayi game da dangantakar maza da mata, ya bayyana a cikin ayyukan daban-daban.

Faɗa

"Scres ni aboki, amma gaskiya ta fi tsada" (daga baya wannan rubutun ya zama mai tsada ", da gaskiya ta zama mafi tsada", Martin Luther da Serantes). " Lokacin da aka tilasta wa mutane zaba daga fushi guda biyu, babu wanda a bayyane yake, babu shakka ba. Zai zaɓi karami. "" Me za ku iya zabar karami. " Koyaya, yana da wuya a sami mafi kyau daga abin da aka samo daga lokacin da ya fi tsayi. Ga jiki, mai ban sha'awa ne, don rai - kiɗa. "" Kuna iya gafarta wa yaron da ke tsoron duhu. Na ainihi halin rayuwa, idan mutum yake tsoron duniya. "" Waɗanda suke da hankali ga hakan ba su iya hawa cikin siyasa ba.

Aiki

• "Afici Social"
• "Evtifron"
• "Protagor"
• "Gorgiy"
• "Hippius Girma"
• "Idi"
• "Jihohi"
• "Sophist"
• "Dan siyasa"
• "Dokokin"