Tari
Harry Truman - 33RD Truman na Amurka (shekaru gwamnati daga 1945 zuwa 1953), a cikin al'amuran siyasan da ke cikin gida gabanin lokacinsa, amma a sakamakon hakan ya kasa fisasco. Tare da manufar mai gabatarwa, yakin cakuda tare da Tarayyar Soviet da aka ba da izini, fatalwa ta shiga labarin yayin da Mahaliccin Nato da kuma mukamin magana da kwaminisanci.Yaro da matasa
Shugaban kasar Amurka na gaba da aka haife shi a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 1884 a cikin birnin Lamar (Missouri). Harry wani babban jami'in yara uku ne na fermer da kuma cittle marihan John Anderson Truman. Iyali shekaru da yawa a Amurka, har sai da ya zaunar da 'yancin kai, inda karancin Harry ya tafi makaranta. Yaron da sha'awar karanta littattafai, tarihi da kiɗa - ya tashi da karfe 5 na safe don koyan wani tsari akan piano.
Bayan makaranta, Harry ya yi rajista a kwalejin kasuwanci, inda, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, sai ya yi nazarin lissafi, amma bayan shekara ta mahaifinsa ya karba, ya karbi kudi. Matashin ya yi nasarar samun gogewa a tashar jirgin ƙasa, an shirya shi, Bankin Kasuwanci na kasa, kuma kafin yaƙin duniya da ya yi aiki tare da mahaifinsa da ɗan'uwanmu a jikin Kakariya. A cikin yaƙi, an aiko shi zuwa ga kyaftin.
Bayan rasuwar mahaifin, Truman ta ɗauki gona a hannunsa, an inganta ta ta hanyar gabatar da jujjuyawar amfanin gona mai yawa. A cikin layi daya, harry kokarin sojojin da ke kasuwanci - farashinsa na jagoran a Oklahoma, wanda aka kashe a ci gaban filayen mai a kasar Kansas. Koyaya, ayyukan kasuwanci ba su ci nasara ba.
Farkar da Ayyukan Siyasa
Tare da haɗin siyasa, Truman ta yanke shawarar har yanzu a matasan nasa - ya tsare kansa ga masu goyon bayan 'yan Democrats. Godiya ga tallafin wannan bangare mai iko na Kudu, da kuma makabarta na Tom Pedergast, a cikin 1922, Harry zaben Jackson County. Ya fi na gudanarwa fiye da matsayin shari'a. Babban kwatance na aikin yana buƙatar tattalin arziƙi: Gyaran hanya, tafiyar gida, gudanarwa gida, cirewar sharar gida. Shugaban Kotun ta dauki batun muhimman lamuni na 'yan kasa.
A Kotun, Dakunan da aka kashe mutane biyu, da kuma kafa kansa a matsayin hukuma, da kuma a 1934, kuma, tare da taimakon Perdergast. Kasancewa maido da goyan bayan "sabuwar hanya" na Franklin Rooenvelt, ya tafi aiki tare da kansa har ma ya sami nadin sa zuwa daya daga cikin kwamitocin. Popularith ya isa Bayyanar zamba a layin dogo, ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen dokar da kuma tsara rahoton iska.
A shekara ta 1940, fatalwa da wahala, amma har yanzu sake zaben majalisar dattijai. Manufofin sun ba da labarin jagorancin kwamitin gudanar da bincike kan aiwatar da shirin tsaron kasar, ba a bayyana su ba da kudaden da aka kammala da cin hanci da rashawa. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II, ƙasar da aka nakalto da aka nakalto maganar maganganu:
"Idan mun ga cewa Jamus ta lashe, to ya kamata mu taimaka Rasha, kuma idan Rasha na cin nasara, kuma ta haka ne, ya kamata mu kashe Hitler a kowane yanayi."A shekara ta 1944, Roosevelt ya nada Mataimakin Shugaban sama maimakon Henry Walleza, wanda ya bambanta da yawan masu sassaucin ra'ayi da jam'iyyar 'yanci. A wannan post din, Harry ta jagoranci ayyukan soja na Amurka. Harry Truman don Post na Mataimakin Shugaban ya dauki kwanaki 82. A watan Afrilun 1945, Roosevelt ba da tsammani ya mutu ba, kuma bisa ga tsarin mulkin Amurka, ya karbi ragamar shugabancin kasar.
A matsayin shugaban kasa
Duk da kyawawan fannoni na ayyukan, dan siyasa bai shahara tare da mutane ba, wanda ya tabbatar da binciken jama'ar. A cikin 1951, kashi 23% na Amurkawa sun yarda da hanyar gwamnati, shekaru biyu bayan tashi daga gidan, 31% na yawan jama'a sun ba da kimantawa ga aikin Truman.Koyaya, a farkon 80s, tarihin ya sake dubawa, kuma shugaban Amurka na 33 ya hau zuwa wurin tagulla a jerin masu mulkin Amurka. Ya yi asara kawai ga Franklin Roosevelt da John Kennedy, ya zama da gaske gwarzo ɗan adam.
Trumanu ta samu gona tare da matsaloli masu wahala: Yakin ya ƙare, rikice-rikice da kungiyar Tarayyar Turai, da kuma a ƙasarsu ta zama dole don facin wasu yankan yankuna.
Siyasar ta cikin gida
Hukumar Harry Truman tana da alaƙa da yin lalata da rikice-rikice na kasar Sin, ya yi kokarin barin manufofin da dokokin raba yawan jama'a a kan asalin launin fata. Kwamitin na kula da ka'idar Ofishin Baƙin Amurkawa - tsari ne wanda ya tabbatar da daidaiton dukkan 'yan ƙasa.
Gaskiya ne ta kula da matsalolin tattalin arziki da na zamantakewa, suna ba da sabbin dokoki. Shahararren shirin shugaban kasa ya karbi sunan "daidai hanya". A zahiri, aikin ya fadada "sabuwar hanya" Roosevelt.
Fetara yawan kuɗin tallafi na zamantakewa, kulawa da farashi da rance, gina Gidajen Lafiya na Jama'a, Gabatarwa ga ilimi - a cikin wannan siyasa ya ga batun ci gaban kasar.
Amma, abin takaici, Harry Truman bai sami goyon baya a cikin Majalisa ba. Ba a yarda da lissafin ba, don haka tare da masu jefa ƙuri'a sun yi baƙin ciki a fagen siyasa. A shekarar 1952, ya ki nakar da takarar sa ga shugaban kasa. Bayan shekaru 15 kawai, sauran shugabannin za su koma ga ƙoƙarin Truman.
Manufofin Harkokin Waje
Shugaban ya shiga tarihin duniya a matsayin mai sanyi mai sanyi. A karshen rayuwar duniya ta biyu ta Amurka da kuma Ussr ta tabarbare a cikin musayar tasirin tasowa a 'yanci Turai. TrUYA ta fusata da Yarjejeniyar Yalta Roosevlt tare da Stalin - yi imani da cewa magabata rasa da yawa ga shugaban Soviet.
Ana son yin firgita da samun ƙarin nauyi a cikin manufar na waje, Amurka ta sanar da samar da bam na atomic, kuma don sanya wani matsayi a cikin yaƙin tare da Japan, makami ya yanke shawarar sake saitawa da Nagasaki. A cikin Tandem tare da Burtaniya, jihohi ta haifar da iyakance tasirin USSR a Turai. Don haka yakin sanyi ya fara.
A cikin 1947, Truman yana nuna koyaswar "abin ƙarfafa" - matakai da yawa waɗanda ke nufin nonon kwaminisanci. Tunanin dawowar kudi yana tallafawa ta Turkiyya da Girka.
Shugaban na Amurka ya riƙi shirin Marshall, wanda ya nuna shi tasirin biliyoyin daloli a cikin yakin tattalin arzikin kasar, don hakan yana ba da babbar babbar illa game da yankinta. Kuma a cikin 1949, Nato ta haifi, toshe wanda zai kare kwaminisanci daga fadada.
Amurka a ƙarshen 40s kuma a farkon 50s kuma a farkon 50s da ke goyan bayan Faransa a cikin ayyukan mallaka a Vietnam kuma ya shiga cikin yakin a Koriya. Tashin ƙasan ƙasan ƙasan ƙasan ƙasan ƙasan ƙasan waje da kuma sa hannu cikin tashin hankali sun zama wani dalili wani dalilin da ya sa abubuwan da suka faru masu rikitarwa a cikin Truman.
Rayuwar sirri
A tarihin ilimin siyasa akwai wuri da rayuwar sirri. A shekara ta 1911, tayar da samari, bayan da daɗewa, miƙa hannu da zuciyar wani ƙauyen da ke da al'umma Albaye. Koyaya, yarinyar ta ki son. Harry ya yi alkawarin komawa batun tambaya lokacin da ya sami ƙarin kuɗi - Shi ya sa manomi ya buge kasuwancin.
A watan Afrilun 1919, Truman ya auri zaɓaɓɓen. A koyaushe matar ta kasance a cikin inuwar Jibin da ya yi mijinta, wanda ba rauni ya shiga rayuwar zamantakewa na Washington. Kodayake, a cewar masu bincike, Harry ya nemi taimako ga Elizabeth cikin siyasa, musamman idan lamuni ne mai yanke shawara.
An kashe 'yar uwar Margaret kawai a aure, bayan aure - Truman Truman Daniyel. A cikin ƙuruciyarsa, yarinyar ta zo game da aikin mawaƙin, har ma da aka yi tare da ƙungiyar Systringra, amma, bayan aure editan Ssibirin New York, bin diddigin.
Koyaya, sanannen matar har yanzu ta zama - a filin rubutu. Peru Margaret nasa ne zuwa littattafai 32 a cikin wani yanki mai ganowa, kowane zama mashawarta. 'Yar Truman' yar uwar gida da tarihin rayuwar iyaye da tarin abubuwan tunawa tun daga yarinya da aka kashe a Fadar White House. Littattafai suna ɗauke da hoto da yawa daga cikin kayan tarihin dangin Truman. Margaret gabatar da shahararren mahaifin jikoki hudu, ya mutu a shekara ta 2008.
Mutuwa
Mutuwa ya yi barazanar tuta daga cikin 1950. A ƙarshen kaka, biyu Puertoriks sun yi kokarin shiga cikin gidan, amma bai faru da laifin da aka haifa ba, wani hukuncin daurin rai ya yanke hukunci.
Harry Truman ya mutu a ranar 26 ga Disamba, 1972 a Kansas City. Mutumin da ya rayu da irin wannan shekara aka buga shekara-pnumonia ya buge shi. Shugaban Amurka na 33 na Amurka ya huta a farfajiyar ɗakin karatu na Truman.
Tunani
- Jirgin saman Amurka na Amurka "Harry S. Truman" (CVN-75)
- Libominar Library-Gidan Taya
- Makarantar Kimiyyar jama'a Harry S. Truman
- Jami'ar Jiha. Truman a Missouri
Littattafai
- 1972 - "Harry S. Truman", M.
- 1982 - "Bes V. Truman", M. Truman
- 1994 - "Harry S. Truman: Rayuwa", R. Ferrell
- 1998 - "Maƙƙarar 'yanci", D. Daniels
- 2003 - "Harry S. Truman: Rayuwarsa da Times", B. Burns
- 2008 - "Harry S. Truman", R. Dallek
- 2009 - "Harry Truman", metisher "de Agostini"
- 2016 - "Truman", L. Dubova, Chernavsky
Fina-finai
- 1947 - Shugaban kasar Amurka Harry Truman "
- 1950 - "ƙasata ita ce"
- 1963 - "Masu nasara"
- 1973 - "Duniya a yaki"
- 1980 - "Atomic Cafe"
- 1984 - Nasara "
- 1988 - "Har yanzu 18"
- 1994 - "Ka'idarmu ta karni"
- 1995 - "Truman"
- 2006 - "Flags na kakanninmu"
- 2004 - "Ka'idar mabukaci"
- 2008 - "Shugaban kasa ya tuna"