Tari
A farkon karni na ashirin, Amurka ta zama mafi yawan ƙasar da aka fi samu ta hanyar duniya gaba daya saboda shugaban na 28 na Woodrow wilson. Sake fasalin a cikin tattalin arziki da kasuwanci na ƙasashen waje, adana mu a cikin yakin duniya na farko, ƙasashen duniya da gudummawa ya zama abin da ke cikin almara na siyasa ta duniya.
A cikin karni, George Bush da Bill Clinton da Shugaba Wilson sun karbi} ire ga rikice-rikicen sojojin duniya da kuma kafa dangantakar da ke tsakanin kasashen da ke tsakanin kasashe. Oƙarin ya ƙare tare da lambar yabo ta Nobel ta zaman lafiya da bugun jini.
Yaro da matasa
An haifi shugaban kasar Amurka 28 a Virginia, a wani ɗalibi mai zaman kansa. A cikin jijiyoyin daji na Thomas itace, na Irish da Scott na Scott na magabatan an hade. Kakana da kakarsu a kan layin Uba sun koma Amurka daga Tiron County, wanda a arewacin Ireland.
Kakana na shugaban gaba wani sadaukarwa ne ga motsi da fadakarwar Turai - zauna a Ohio, inda ya buga jaridar kariya a ciki wanda ya saba kunne ga bayi. Sonan Joseph bai bi sawun iyaye ba kuma ya zama malamin ilimin tauhidi na Presbystery. Kuma ni ma na sayi bayi fiye da Uba da aka ƙazantu, mayaƙin banza da baiyanci. Joseph Wilson ya ɗauki matarsa wata ƙasa ɗan asalin ƙasar Burtaniya Jumria Jaet, waɗanda magabatansu sune scots.
Wilson ya bude a majami'ar Asibiti, inda aka bi da sojojin da suka ji rauni: Janet da Yusufu su ne mataimakan kwamiti. Ba da daɗewa ba Wilson ya zama mayafin sojoji kuma ya tafi gaban. Da farko, an ba da karatun ga ɗan ƙaramin katako Wilson tare da wahala: Saboda dysxia, yaron bai sani ba har shekara 12. Amma yin kama da stardograph, ya mamaye shingen kuma ya haifar da rasa. Shekaru na farko Wilson ya yi nazari a gida, sannan ya ziyarci makarantar a watan Agusta.
Saurayin ya shiga cikin zangon mahaifinsa, ya shiga kwaleji a North Carolina, inda firistoci masu zuwa - Presebynterans suna shirin. A daidai yake 1873, Wilson ya zama parisioner na cocin Presbyrensia kuma ya kasance har ya mutu. A cikin Cibiyar Koleooo ta kamu da rashin lafiya da kuma bayan shekarar farko ta nazarin ya bar shi, sace a gidan iyaye a Wilmington.
Bayan shekara ta 1875, shugaban nan gaba ya zama dalibi na makomar macijin da ya kammala karatun sarkin cikin 1879. A cikin shekaru dalibin, woodrow wilson ya zama da sha'awar tarihi da tarihin siyasa, shirya tattaunawa kan tattaunawa. Bayan kammala karatun digiri daga Jami'ar Princeton, Wilson ya karbi ilimi na doka a Jami'ar Indiya, amma shekara ta 188, saboda rashin lafiya, ya bar Nami na ya mutu a gida.
Farkar da Ayyukan Siyasa
Bayan shekaru 2 na horo na cikin gida, mai binciken ɗan siyasa Trace a cikin Jami'ar Budurwa ta karɓi difloma na lauya. Wilson ya zama abokin tarayya na tsohon abokin abokin karatun kuma ya fara ayyukan shari'a, amma bayan shekara ta baya, ya yi rashin jin dadin kuma ya bar masana'antar.
Hanyar da zuwa wuta don woodrow wilson ya fara ne a cikin bazara na 1883, lokacin da ya zama ɗalibin digiri na biyu na Jones Hopkins Jami'ai da bayan shekaru 3 ya zama likita na falsafa. A farkon 1885, littafin farko da ya gabatar wanda ya gabatar da sake fasalin zartarwa na Amurka ta hanyar ƙarfafa shugaban. Don wannan aikin, jami'a sun ba da kyautar Wilson.
A cikin 1886, bayan da ya dace da Dectoror Decoral, an koyar da matasa masanin kimiyya ya koyar da tarihi a kwaleji na mata da jami'a a cikin Conneicut. A cikin 1890, an gayyaci Woodrow Wilson zuwa Presceon, inda ya koyar da ɗalibai ga kimiyyar siyasa. Bayan shekaru 2, ya rubuta aikin na biyu - "tarihin jama'ar Amurka" kuma ya zama mai karbar jami'a, ragowar ofis har zuwa 1910.
A Nuwamba ta 1910, wani sabon shugaban tarihin tarihin tarihin teku Wilson ya fara ne - gwamnan New Jorsey ya zabe shi shi. Kasancewa post, Wilson ya nuna 'yanci kuma zai, ƙi bin layin jam'iyya. Ya gudanar da dokokin zamantakewa da yawa kuma ya zama sananne a wajen jihar.
Shugaban U.s.A
Tsibitin gwamna na gwamna Woodrow wilson ya gabatar da Jam'iyyar Democratic. Masu fafatawa ne William Taft da Theodore Roosevelt, saboda kishin kuri'un Wilson a shekarar 1913 ya lashe tsere. Woodrow Wilson ya zama Shugaban Amurka kaɗai tare da Dokar Doctoral da na farko sun jagoranci daga kudu.
A lokacin shugaban kasa na farko, Wilson ya canza ka'idodin tsarin jihar ta hanyar samar da Tarayya Reserve. Kudi na Amurka kawai ya zama bayanin kula da tarayya ". Duk da matsakaicin aikin siyasa (shekaru 2 a kujerar gwamna), ya yi hukunci da yanke hukunci, gurbata shirin zaben. A cikin mafi guntu lokaci, Majalisar minista ta kafa, sanya Sakatare na William Mcadu. Halin da Herbert na Herbert ya jagoranci heroberd, da sojoji - Henry ya karanta.
Sabuwar shugaban Amurka a farkon shekarun da aka aiwatar aiwatar da shirye-shiryen sake fasalin tattalin arziki na sake fasalin tattalin arziki. Da farko dai, saukar da shinge shinge ga kasuwancin ƙasashen waje kuma ya fara bin umarnin haraji, anttitrust da sake fasalin banki.
A cikin 1916, Woodrow Wilson ya zabi lokacin shugaban a karo na biyu. Baya ga samun nasarar tattalin arziki na tattalin arziki, an kira shi da riƙe da rid da Amurka daga ja-gora cikin yaƙi. Fadada da kuma gine-ginen Wilson ya nuna wa 'yan kasa, ba sukar babban abokin hamayyar Charles Hughes, amma ya shafi girmamawa a karon farko. Amma fa'idar Wilson akan Hughes ya zama kadan, nasarar ba sauki.
A karo na biyu (daga 1917 zuwa 1921), katako Wilson maida hankali kan sojojin a wata sama sama da wata daya bayan zaben yakin duniya na farko.
Siyasar ta cikin gida
Ma'aikatar Ma'aikata Woodrow Woodrow Wourson da Ananda Roosevelt ya zama a fannoni da yawa. Dukan shugabannin sun inganta yanayin aiki na ma'aikata. Wilson ya hana hayar yara suyi aiki da rage ranar aiki don manya zuwa awanni 8. Manoma sun yi sigar taimako bayan yawan canje-canje na zamantakewa. Nuna wariyar launin fata ta daina.
Woodrow Wilson yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa ka'idodin ka'idar gudanar da gwamnati - Oureauke. A predelisite da ake bukata na ingantaccen tsarin sarrafawa, yana ɗaukar cibiyar da aka haɗa. A cewar Wilson, manufofi da gudanarwa ya kamata a raba su, ana buƙatar ingantaccen aiki da ƙwararru mai ƙwararru da masu ƙwararru don su sabunta wayewa.
A shekara ta 1919, shugaban Amurka na Amurka ya yi yakin neman takaddama game da hadadden Yarjejeniyar Al'umma. Tafiya da tashin hankali na juyayi ya karfafa karfin daga gare shi kuma ya lalata lafiyar raunin lafiya. A watan Oktoba, woodrow wilson yana da bugun jini, sakamakon makantar da ido da guragu na hagu na jiki. Shekaru shida, shugaban ya samu kansa a cikin keken hannu, daga baya tafiya tare da gawa.
Manufofin Harkokin Waje
Woodrow Wilson ana kiranta shugaban kasa na Pacifies wanda ya kashe manufofin kyakkyawan maƙwabta da kuma tsangwama a wasu ƙasashe. Manufar "Big Dubinka" da kuma rawar jami'in 'yan sandan ciki na duniya, za su zabi Amurka Roosevelt. Shugaban Amurka ya kafa kyakkyawar maƙwabta da Latin Amurka da kasashen Yammaci. Amma yanayin yanayin Wilson sun narke saboda dangantakar da aka kara a shekarar 1915 tare da Mexico, lokacin da aka tattara ayyukan da ke fama da ɗabi'un Vera.
A lokacin bazara na 1916, shugaban 'yan tawayen Mexico Villa tare da katangar Ma'uders sun mamaye jihar New Mexico, suna haifar da lalacewa ga manoma. Amurkawa sun amsa da gudanar da aikin soja, wanda John ya jagoranci John Perching. A cikin 1917, Janar na sojojin sun shiga Turai, wanda ke haifar da 'yancin Wilson akan yanke shawarar kai.
A farkon 1918, Woodrow Wilson ya yi shelar wani shiri na duniya, wanda aka yi dabara a cikin maki 14 da aka kirkira don warware kungiyar ta kyauta kuma samar da kasuwanci da kuma samar da zaman lafiya. Amma Majalisa ta kasa yarjejeniyar a kan kasashen Afirka, kuma a cikin Turai daga 14 Waɗannan sun cika 4.
Matsalolin tattalin arziki sun fara bayan yakin, da lalata manoma, annashuwa a Chicago, ta karya alakar da aka samu a matsayin shugaban kasa na uku na Wilson. A wannan karon Democrats bai goyi bayan shi ba.
Rayuwar sirri
Loveaunar farko ta Wilson ya bar hanya a tarihin rayuwar shugaban Amurka na 28. Lokacin da KUzina Henrietta Woberrowta ta ƙi zama ɗalibin Tomas, yana nufin kusancin dangi, ya ɗauki sunan mahaifinta a matsayin ɗaya sunan.
Karfin zuciya Warkar da sabuwar soyayya, ga Exlen Exxon. A karo na farko, ma'aurata na gaba sun san lokacin da Thomas shekara 6, da kuma shekara 2. Yarinya mai kyau tare da smears a kan cheeks woodrow wilson ya tuna cikin shekaru 20. Saurayin ya yarda ya dace da Uba Ellen, Abbot na cocin Presbyrenery, ya tafi Atlanta. Kowace rana amarya ta karɓi haruffa daga miji na gaba, suna riƙe duk saƙonni 1400.
Ellen Wilson ya zama matarsa, kuma abokin shugaban. Matar ta ba ta mijinta uku mata, ta san Jamusanci don bin misalai na adabi da fasaha, an shirya jawabai Vilon. A lokacin da katako ya kamu da bugun jini, mata ta zama mai ba da shawara ga shugaban.
Ellen bai zama a watan Agusta 1914 ba. Mutuwa daga cutar mai haske, ta nemi likita na iyali don kula da mijinta. Matata tana sa wa matarka zuwa aure ta biyu, tana neman abu daya - don nemo mace mai kyau.
A karo na biyu, woodrow wilson yayi aure a karshen 1915. A aure tare da Golith ta boler, babu 'ya'ya. Woodrow Wilson sananne don ƙauna ga motoci. Soyayyar ta haifar da bunkasa hanyoyin gina hanyoyin jama'a.
Mutuwa
A shekarar 1921, shugaban na 28 ya bar White House ya zauna tare da matarsa a ofishin jakadancin Washington kwata. Ya damu matuka game da kirkirar Kungiyar kasashen daban, sun yi imani da cewa ya yaudare Amurkawa kuma ya ja Amurka a yakin duniya na farko.
Wilson bai zama a watan Fabrairu 1924 ba. Na binne shi a Washington, a cikin babban cocin.
Faɗa
- "Shin akwai wani mutum da fari ga farin haske, aƙalla mace ɗaya, ko da yaro wanda bai san cewa mahalarta yaƙi ba a cikin ƙasashen duniya da kasuwanci?"
- "Idan kana son samun abokan gaba, yi kokarin canza komai."
- "Kar a manta da cewa" mahaifinmu "ya fara da bukatar abinci a latsawa. Zai yi wuya a yabi masu ladabi da son da na kusa. "
- "'Yan' yanci ba su fito da su daga gwamnati ba. 'Yanci koyaushe suna fitowa daga cikin batutuwan nasa. Tarihin 'yanci shine labarin iyakance hukumomin gwamnati, ba ta ƙaruwa ba. "
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- Woodrow Wilson ne mai sha'awar mota kuma ya sanya tafiye-tafiye na yau da kullun, kamar yadda Shugaba. Nassi na shugaban ya shafi kudaden ginin hanyoyin.
- Woodrow Wilson wani fan ne na baseball, a cikin ɗalibin ɗalibin sa ya buga wa kungiyar dalibi, kuma a shekarar 1916 ya fara zama Shugaban Amurka na farko da ya ziyarci gasar baseball na duniya.
- Kasar Woodrow Wilson fentin wasan kwallon kafa a cikin baki a lokacin hunturu don ci gaba da wasa a cikin dusar ƙanƙara.
- Woodrow wilson ya kira whoodrow, amma Thomas. A kan samartaka, ya faɗi cikin ƙauna tare da dan uwansa woodro henrietta. Ba ta ƙi aure shi ba, amma yana ƙaunar da ya ɗauki sunanta.
- Ya yi karatu a Princeton, inda daga baya ya zama mai karanci (kawai masu maye ba tare da taken addini ba).
- Motsa Souffübring, ba su tallafa wa bayyananne ba to, idan aka yi la'akari da cewa ƙafafun mace dangi ne.
Tunani
- A shekara ta 1944, Wilson Henry sarki ya yi fim ta hanyar tarihin fim din "Wilson" tare da Alexander Knox a cikin jagorancin roba (fim din ya karɓi oscars biyar).
- An nuna Woodrow Wilson a kan lissafin tare da darajar $ 100,000, mafi girma a tarihin ƙasar.
- A cikin Polish City, Poznań, wani abin tunawa a Woodrow Wilson, an tashe shi a matsayin abin tunawa ga ma'aikacin Poland Workman Marcina Kasfshak.
- A ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, 2011, wani abin tunawa da Woodrow Wilson a Prague (Czech Republ) aka bude. Wannan shine abin tunawa na biyu, kuma na farko kuma a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II.