Tari
Halin kimiyyar Alexander mai koyar da gaske ne, saboda wannan ilimin ya kirkiro da wani mai gano ƙarfe, na neplane da wayar tarho na yau da kullun na rayuwar al'umma ta zamani.Yaro da matasa
Alexander Griya Bell an haife shi ne a garin Scottish na Edinburgh a ranar 3 ga Maris, 1847, a cikin iyalin masana masana Philomi. Kakanin masanin masanin shine wanda ya kirkiro makarantar ulory da marubucin littafin "mane-wurare wurare". Abin lura ne cewa kakan kaka ya fara aikinsa da takalma, amma dillar da za a kai shi wurin.
Da farko, mutumin da aka yi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo, sa'an nan ya zama mai karatu, rikodin bayani daga wasan Shakespeare. Nasarar da yawa ya yi mamakin cewa ya fara ba da darussan diana kuma ya buɗe makarantar da ke cikin mahaifa a London. Don haka aka haifi kasuwancin iyali, magajin mutum shine mahaifin mai kirkirar kararrawa, wanda a lokaci guda har zuwa lokacin da aka buga bi'irar akan fasaha.
Shugaban Kimiyya na gaba ya girma a cikin yanayin kiɗan da kuma yanayi mai kyau ga sauti na muryar ɗan adam. Yana da shekara 14, ya koma Landan, ga kakaninsa. Kuma bayan shekaru uku, bayan karbar ilimi da ilimin falsafa a Edinburgh da Würzburg, ya riga ya fara rayuwar 'yanci, koyar da kiɗa da kabewa a Weston Hauz Academy.
Da yake na bincika Acastics da ilimin halin ɗan adam, kararrawa ta zama mataimaki na dangin, wanda a wannan lokacin ya yi aiki akan hanya don samar da ƙirar ƙirar.
An san cewa mahaifiyar Mahaliccin Mahaliccin Mahaliccin Hydrosapolta shi ne ji mai rauni kuma ita ce dukkan sabbin abubuwa aka yi nufin yin nazarin sauti. Uba ya hau da "magana mai gani", wanda sautin ya sanya sautikan magana da aka rubuta a wannan lokacin, amma ga mutanen da suke ba a taɓa jin sautuna ba).
Bayan 'yan uwan Alexander sun mutu daga cutar tarin fuka, dangi a cikin 1870 sun koma Kanada, sannan kuma zuwa Amurka. A can suna ci gaba da aiki tare da mutane da sauti. Aiki a Boston ya shiga cikin nasara. Jr. Bang ya bude nasa makarantar a cikin birnin, wanda ya horar da kayan yau da kullun daga dangin dangi na sauran malamai.
Da zaran Alexander Grealam yana da tushen samun kudin shiga, masanin masanin ya dawo kan gwaje-gwajen da ke kan kara kuri'un a kan wayoyi, wanda ya zama mai sha'awar Ingila. Bell ya haifar da karamin dakin gwaje-gwaje wanda ya gwada da daddare, a lokacin da yake kyauta.
Daga cikin Wards, ya dawo da sauraren, ma'aikacin kimiyya - Mabe, 'yar Gardner Hubbat, da ɗan shekara biyar na fata na fata mai suna Thomas Sanders.
Ƙirƙira da kimiyya
A cikin 1876, a duniyar kimiyya a cikin Philadelphia kararrawa ta gabatar da sabon kirkirarsa a karkashin sunan "Wayar". A ranar 7 ga Maris na wannan shekara, Alexander ya karbi kalmar sirri saboda sabuwar sabuwar dabara. Abin lura ne cewa a cikin nune-nunin, wakilan al'ummar kimiyya sun kira wayar da abin wasa mara amfani.
Bell ya zauna tare da bashi, ya shirya sayar da sabuwar dabara ga $ 100,000 ƙungiyar Westernan, amma wakilan Westernungiyar Westernungiyar ba ta la'akari da siyan sayan. Daga baya, jagorancin WU ya fahimci cewa ya yi kuskure kuma ya ba da hadin gwiwar kimiyya.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa a matakai na farko, wayar ba cikakke ba - an rarrabe ta da sauti, kuma yana yiwuwa a tattauna da shi kawai a nesa na mita 250. Saboda haka, masu kirkirar ci gaba da inganta na'urar koyaushe. A cikin Fabrairu 1880, Bell, tare da mataimaki, ƙirƙira na'urar da ake kira Photophone da aka tsara don canja wurin sauti zuwa nesa da haske.
A cikin 1881, masanin kimiyya ya inganta ganowar ƙarfe da aka kirkira a karni na XIX don bincika Rudonic da ya rayu. Bayyanar da aka inganta bayyanar da m karfe ta hanyar bala'i. A cikin 1901, kararrawa ƙirƙira macijin da ke cikin jirgin sama. Ya ƙunshi ɓangarorin triangular huɗu. Na'urar ta kasance mai wuce yarda, mai ƙarfi da m. A cewar wasu rahotanni, zai iya dauke da iska.
Tare tare da matarsa Bell a cikin 1907 ya kirkiri "ƙungiyar gwaji na gwaji". A cikin 1909, an kira jirgin sama "azurfa Dart". Jirgin saman jirgin sama na farko wanda aka yi a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 1909. Wannan ranar ana ɗaukarsa ranar haihuwar ta hanyar jirgin sama na Kanada.
A cikin 1919, jirgin ruwan HD-4 an gina shi bisa ga karatun masanin kimiyya, wanda ya saita sabon rikodin saurin rikodin. An san cewa wannan kayan aikin iyo a kan fikafi na ruwa wanda ke haɓaka hanzari har zuwa 113 na awa.
Harka
A karshen shekarar 1879, Tarayyar Turai ta kammala yarjejeniya da maharan Sahabbai. Don haka hade kamfanin "Bell kamfanin" ya bayyana, babban wani ɓangare na hannun jari na wanda mallakar Alexander yake. Ana san shi da aminci cewa farashin ɗayan kamfanin ya kasance $ 1. Wannan ƙungiyar ya ɗora farkon ci gaban telephony kuma fitowar sabbin kamfanonin waya. An shigar da wayoyi miliyan 1.5 a cikin Amurka, kuma a cikin shekaru biyu - 13 miliyan.
Bell ya duba gaba da kuma shirya sabon firam ɗin da aka samar da tallafin kudi ga kwararrun matasa. Gabaɗaya, da 1900, fiye da naúrar kuɗi dubu biyu da rabi don abubuwan da suka danganci suna da alaƙa da talabijin. Cibiyar Bell da aka buɗe daga Cibiyar Kashe-tsaren kimiyyar Italiya Alessandro Volta.
Bai manta kararrawa ba kuma game da tallata. Baya ga ayyukan kimiyya, adadi na kimiyya an shiga yarjejeniya kuma ɗan uwbi ne. An san Alexander ya halarci halittar al'ummar ƙasa na ƙasa kuma ya kafa mujallar "National Geographic", wanda aka buga kuma yanzu.
A sakamakon haka, Alexander Gymake ya sami yabo a duniya, kuma kamfaninsa ya kasance kuma ya rage har zuwa yau jagorar duniya. Kamfanin kwamfuta da tsarin lantarki. Masanin kimiyya ya fada yayin da ya ce ranar zata zo lokacin da mutum zai iya ganin hoton a wayar da yakece, kuma wannan ranar ta daɗe.
Kamfanin ya samo asali har yanzu ya kasance gaskiya ga wanda ya kafa ta. Hanyoyin kirkirarrun fasahohin, kamar su C ++ shirye-shiryen shirye-shirye na farko, abubuwan da suka gabata na injunan DNA da kuma taswirar sararin samaniya na cibiyar cibiyar.
Rayuwar sirri
Yawancin takaddun kimiyya da kirkirar Billa ya sadaukar da su don inganta hanyoyin sadarwa. Haka kuma an san cewa har kamar wata shekaru, da masanin kimiyyar karanta laccoci da kuma tsunduma tare da kurãme-da-da-da-da-saka dalibai. Godiya ga wadannan azuzuwan, da baiwa na kimiyya da kuma haduwa da na farko da kawai matar Mabbard.
Sun hadu yayin da shugaban Mahaliccin Mahaliciya na wayar da aka juya ya zama shekara 15. A ranar tunawa da abin da ya fi so. Tun daga wannan lokacin, wannan ranar ta zama hutu na musamman ga masoya. Bayan shekara guda da rabi, kararrawa ya kori isasshen adadin kuɗi da kuma hana iyayen kuɗi na kuɗi da yaransa na gaba suka ba da haɗin gwiwa. Sakamakon haka, mahaifinsa da mahaifiyar Hubbanart sun ba da izini ga bikin aure, kuma Mahley kuma Alexander ya zama mijinta da matarsa.
A cikin wasiƙar marwa da uwa, yarinyar sau da yawa ta rubuta cewa kowace rana ta gane Bella tare da sabon wanda ba a san shi ba. Wadannan abubuwan binciken da aka gano ya ba da wata mata fahimtar cewa ta zabi zabi da ya dace kuma yanzu kusa da ita wanda za'a iya amincewa da shi.
Unlimited Love Hubbanart ya bayyana ta abinci, don haka ba abin mamaki bane cewa a cikin wasu 'yan shekaru bayan bikin-shekara da aka kai wani matsayi na 100 kilogiram (40 kg fiye da yadda ya auna kafin ya yi nauyi kafin a yi aure).
Bayan bikin, wanda ya faru a shekarar 1877, sabbin matan Niagara Falls, wanda ke kudancin lardin Ontario (wanda ke cikin yankin Ontario na Ontario. Kararrawa yakan tafi kan tafiye-tafiye na kasuwanci. A lokacin rabuwa, masanin yayi mafarki game da matarsa kuma, domin kada in azabtar da rai, na yanke shawarar ɗaukar ni da Mashin duka tafiye-tafiye.
Ya dace a lura cewa kawai dalilin abin da ya faru na rikice-rikice a cikin dangin Bellov shine al'adun Alexander yayi aiki kawai da dare. Ranar da masanin masanin ya ƙare da karfe 4 na safe, kuma har zuwa wannan lokacin, Hubbet ya tsananta wa mijinta ba tare da kasancewarsa ba.
Bayan 'yan lokuta, Alexander ya yi ƙoƙarin canja aikin yau da kullun don faranta wa matarsa, amma waɗannan ƙoƙarin ba su ci nasara ba. A tsawon shekaru rayuwar aure, zaɓaɓɓen mijinta yana da 'ya'ya mata biyu da' ya'ya biyu, amma yaran biyu sun mutu a farkon ƙuruciya. Mutuwarsu babban buri ce ga mata, amma an kula da Mabe saboda wannan falsafancin, cewa za ta nuna cewa za ta ci gaba da ita har abada, a cikin tunanin ta.
Malami da ɗalibinsa sun rayu shekaru 45 na rayuwar iyali mai farin ciki.
Mutuwa
Bell har wata wasu 'yan shekaru da suka sha wahala daga mummunan ciwo kuma an ɗaure shi da kuka daɗe. Ranar mutuwa, ɗanurin dan kasar ya zo ga kansa kawai ga 'yan mintuna kaɗan. Iskandari ya ga Mai ƙaunataccen Mulel zaune kusa da gadonta ya yi murmushi. Mace ya roƙi kada ku bar ta, amma ba ta bi amsar daga Mahaliccin wayar ba. Wani mutum dan kadan ya matse hannun mahaifinsa ya rufe idanunsa har abada.
Shahararren mai kirkirar ya mutu a ranar 2 ga Agusta, 1922 (shekaru 75 (75), a cikin kasarsa a lardin sabon Scotland, wanda ke gabashin Kanada. Ana sanar da cewa a ranar 4 ga Agusta, 1922, duk wayoyin an kashe na minti daya. Don haka kasar ta ba da daraja ta ƙarshe ga mutumin da ya ba mutane damar sadarwa da juna, duk da nisan nesa.
Sunan masanin kimiyya da aka lalata shi a cikin kirkirar da takaddun bayanai, wadanda suka danganta ne da bayanan tarihin tarihin daga rayuwar baiwa. Kadan mutane sun sani, amma a cikin 2002 a 2002 Hukumar Majalisar Amurka ta yarda cewa wayar bai fito da kararrawa ba, amma Italan Antonio Meucci. Wani mutum ya kirkiro kirkirar wasu 'yan shekaru kafin Iskander, amma ba ta sami lafazi ba kuma ya mutu cikin talauci. Bayan wannan labarai, duniya al'umma ta fara yarda cewa kararrawa kawai ta yi amfani da gazawar mai gasa kuma an sanya shi a bude kansa.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- Mai ƙirƙira na wayar kararrawa Alexander kararrawa ne a matsayin gaisuwa na waya don amfani da kalmar "Ahoy" daga lecoron na jirgin ruwa na Jamusawa. Daga baya, Thomas Edison ya ba da ƙarin "Hello", wanda ya shiga cikin Rashanci, canza "Sannu!".
- Alexander Bell, banda abubuwan da ke tattare da ingantattun na'urori, sun yi kokarin koya wa karensa ya yi magana.
- Kasancewa mutum mai addini mai zurfi, Alexander Grayiim Bell da gaske ya yi imani da cewa sabuwar dabara - wayar - za ta taimaka sadarwa da rayukan matattu.
- Mai ƙirƙira da wayar bai taba kiran mahaifiyarsa da matarsa: Dukansu kursiyuwa ne.
Ƙirƙira
- 1858 - na'ura don hatsi
- 1874 - Frogrampam
- 1876 - Waya
- 1879 - AUDIMOMER
- 1880 - Photophone
- 1881 - Gwajin ƙarfe, famfo
- 1901 - Macid Pyramidal Maciji
- 1909 - Air Airway "
- 1919 - jirgin ruwa a kan ruwa wings ruwa HD-4