Tari
Alexander Lvovus (Isra'ila Lazarevich Gelfand) - Juyin Juya Hukumar Rasha, mai bin motsin Social Democratic, Ph.D., marubucin takardu da wasa.
A cikin dangin yahudawa a ranar 8 ga Satumba, 1867, wani yaro mai suna Isra'ila an haifi Isra'ila. Shekaru za a gudanar kafin Isra'ila ta dauki sabon suna da sunan mahaifi. Don haka saurayin zai juya zuwa Alexander Parvus. Taron farin ciki a cikin dangin Gelfand dangi ya faru a Berezin, wanda ke ƙarƙashin Minsk. Wani babban wuta ba da daɗewa ba halakar da gidan da juyin juya hali ke rayuwa. Garin ya sha wahala daga wuta.
Wannan shine dalilin motsa iyali a Odessa, an haifi babinsa a wannan ƙauyen. Mutumin ya tafi aiki a tashar jiragen ruwa. Isra'ila ta samu ilimi a cikin dakin motsa jiki, ta ziyarci sassan inda matasa juyin juya halin ke faruwa. Alexander Alexander a cikin 1885 yana motsawa zuwa Zurich saboda babban ilimi. A nan, Aboka ya ce mahalarta mahalarta kungiyar saki. IT ne. Axelrod, g.v. Belikhanov, v.i. Zasulich.
A cikin tarihin hukuma na juyin juya hali, an ce Parvus ne Parvus a jami'in siyasa. Dangane da sakamakon karatunsa, ya karɓi digiri na Likita na falsafa. Alexander ya koma Jamus kuma ya zama memba na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic. A cewar I. Dyker, Parvus ya yi fatan "farfado da juyin juzu'in kasar Jamus."
Juyin juya halin Musulunci
Alexander ya koma St. Petersburg a farkon farkon juyin juya halin Musulunci. Kamfanin Parvus ya kasance zaki mai zaki. Maza sun ƙaddamar da ayyukan a cikin kwamitin zartarwa majalisar wakilan wakilai. Alexander ya shirya aiwatar da ka'idar "juyin juya halin yanzu" a aikace. Kayan aiki don samuwar motsi na juyin juya hali Parvus ya ga pretariat.
Tsaya kan juyin mulki a Rasha, wani mutum baya so. Shirye-shiryen Alexander ya halarci juyin juya halin duniya na duniya. Kusan rabin shekara Parvus yi kafin aiki tare da kira don yin tawaye ga ikon yanzu kuma ƙirƙirar dimokiradiyya mai aiki.
'Yan masu halaye da ake buƙata matsa lamba a kan jama'a. Trotsky da Parvus sun yanke shawarar yin shi ta hanyar jaridar Rasha. Sabuwar editocin sun ƙara yawan watsa labarai na Buga zuwa dubu ɗari da dubu ɗari, da kuma kofe dubu 500. Tare da irin wannan ya ƙunshi "sabuwar rayuwa", na bolsheviks ne, ba zai iya ba.
Alexander ya zama babban karfin tuki a majalisar dokokin St. Petersburg. A kan kafadu na parvus sa nauyi a kan rubuce labarun rubutu da shela, dabarun ci gaba da dabaru. Juyin juya halin ya jawo hankalin da yake wasa a masana'antu masana'antu, a majalisa. Tasirin Parvus ya bayar a kan mazauna St. Petersburg ne mai iko, mutane sun yi tafiya ga Alexander.
Parvus ya zama juyin juya hali da rana, kuma maraice da aka kashe a kan samar da wasa. An yi amfani da aikin satirical don ƙirƙirar wasan kwaikwayon. Alexander pre-sami 'yan tikiti a gaba don ba da kanta ga abokai.
Daga karkashin alkalami na juyin juya hali, "Manifesto kudi" ya fito. Dakin da ya ƙunshi bayanai game da jami'an lalata a cikin kamfanin gwamnatin Rasha, rashin kudi a cikin baitulmalin da kuma rahoto mai ban sha'awa. A cewar membobin majalisa, amma bai kamata mutane su biya bashin na dangin sarki ba.
Lokaci ne na kamewa. Fursunonin farko sune shugabannin jam'iyyar. Sai Parvus ya zo wurin Trotsky, amma ba da daɗewa ba da juyin juya halin juya hali da kunkule ne. Alexandra wanda aka yankewa kuma an riga an aika wa Turukhansk, inda wani mutum ya yi shekara 3. Amma Parvus ya sami damar gudu. Tare da ni, Alexander yana da takardun karya da kuɗi.
Rashin jin daɗin juyin juya halin Rasha ya zo ba zato ba tsammani. Parvus ya yanke shawarar aika kallon Balkans, inda mutane suka yi kokarin yin juyin mulki. Jim kaɗan kafin tafiya zuwa Jamus, Alexander ya gabatar da "manufofin mulkin mallaka da rushewar tsarin jari hujja." Littafi Mai Tsarki sun yi la'akari da wannan kyakkyawan aikin juyin juya halin.
Abin sha'awa, aiki wakilcin II na kasa da kasa, a cikin wanda Vladimir Ilyhin ya juya ya zama. Kusan babu abin da zai sani game da rayuwar parvus a Turai. Alamu sun yi imanin jita-jita da zato.
A cikin 1910, Constantinfizan mutane sun zama mazaunin zama na dindindin. Juyin juya halin ya taimaka wa hukumomin Baturke a cikin tattalin arziki. Turkiyya ta zama gida na biyu don Parvus. Daga matasa shekaru, Alexander yayi mafarkin zama mai arziki. A Constantinople, wannan marmarin ya cika. Yadda aka sake yin lissafin juyin juya hali - har yanzu asirin.
Don rayuwa daga Mudvan don Parvus, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a rushe ikon sarauta, Alexander yana ɗokin ci gaba lokacin da V.I. Lenin zai dawo gidan juyin juya hali. Mu'ujiza ba ta faru ba. Posts na ministan kudi Parvus bai jira ba. Jagoran shafi na duniya pretariat ya hana dangantaka tare da wani Bayahude.
Ba tare da jiran izini ba, Alexander ya yanke shawarar taimakawa juyin juya halin 'yan juyin juya halin Rasha daga Turai. Don haka a cikin Scandinavia ta bayyana wata jaridar Rasha, wacce tayi kokarin yin ba'a, inganta sabon tushe na rayuwa. A cikin amsa daga Rasha, zargin a cikin abubuwan da aka ji don wadatar da wadatar da mutum ya ji. Motsi daga waɗannan abubuwan Pittus ya bayyana a cikin littafin "cikin gwagwarmaya don gaskiya".
A cikin 1918, Alexander Lvovich ya yanke shawarar barin siyasa a baya. Advings da aka tara sun isa ga mai kyau rayuwa da nishi da aka fi so - abubuwan da aka kirkira. Haɗin kai na Juyin juya baya ba ya aiki, har ma da miliyoyin a cikin asusun ba su bayar da damar Park don saduwa da sadarwa tare da shahararrun mutane, 'yan siyasa da jakadu. Mashahurai suna nisanta alaka tare da Alexander.
Rayuwar sirri
A cewar bayanin hukuma, Alexander Parrus ya auri sau biyu. Mata na farko shine Tatiana Nauwovna Berman. Mace ta sani yayin da Tabos ya firgita. The Citizen an dauke shi sano da wakilcin motsi na Democratic, da kuma wani lokaci na aiki a matsayin ɗakin karatun karatu da fassara.
A cikin wannan hadisin, dan uwan Yahudawa da aka haifa ɗan Yahudawa da aka haife shi ne mulkin Evgendrovich game. An nada wani saurayi wanda ya samu shekaru matala da aka nada a matsayin matsayin jami'in diflomasiyya na Soviet, amma daga baya ya zama mai haɗari, ya rubuta a cikin.
Mata na biyu na parvus ba adana bayanai. An san cewa matan suna da ɗa wanda ya yi aiki a ofishin jakadancin na USSR, a Italiya. Da yanayi mai annashuwa, wani mutum ya ɓace.
Mutuwa
A cikin 1924, Alexander Parvus yana cikin Berlin. A babban birnin kasar Jamus, juyin juya baya ya mamaye bugun, bayan da wani mutum zai iya. Bayan mutuwar majalisar mai dorewa ta bace. Wanda yake baya ba a sani ba.Rayuwar Alexander tana rufe ta hanyar asirin da kuma ba a warware su ba. Tasanin tarihin juyin juya halin yana da kyautai mai ban mamaki da rashin jin daɗi, saboda sau da yawa yanayin yanayin yana amfani da tarihin rayuwa don ƙirƙirar fina-finai.
A shekara ta 2006, fim din fim din "Parvus juyin juya halin" ya ga haske. Bayan shekaru 9, masu sauraro suka nuna sabon gyibon - "Juyin aljannu". Sunan na biyu na hoto shine abin tunawa na Parvus.
Tunani
- 1895 - "Tsawa da yawan 'yan siyasa na'
- 1897 - "Kasuwar Duniya da rikicin aikin gona"
- 1906 - "Russia da juyin juya halin"
- 1907 - "A Bastille na Rasha yayin juyin juya halin Musulunci"
- 1908 - "Manufar mulkin mallaka da kuma rushewar ginin jari hujja"
- 1908 - "samar da jari hujja da kuma proletariat"
- 1908 - "fama da gwagwarmaya na poletariat"
- 1908 - "A cikin sahun na dimokradiyya na jam'iyyar Jamusanci"
- 1909 - "Dimokradiyya na zamantakewa da majalisar dokoki"
- 1909 - "gurguzanci juyayi"
- 1915 - "Shirin juyin juya halin Rasha"
- 1918 - "A cikin gwagwarmaya don gaskiya"