Tari
Livaar Moiseevich Kaganovich ya mamaye wani wuri na musamman tsakanin manyan lambobin Stalinist na Stalinist. Mai cinikin "karfe" mai ban mamaki ne a cikin wannan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin Yahudawa ko uku na mafi girman hanyar haɗi yayin kisan da aka tsira daga mulkin Semitism. Tarihi na tarihi sun mamaye ra'ayin cewa Kaganovich ya ba dangi dangi da abokai, wanda ya ceci ransa.Yaro da matasa
Abokin Yusuf Vissionvich an haife shi a cikin 1893 a ƙauyen Kabana Kyiv, a cikin yara da yawa (yara 13) dangin Yahaya ne. Har zuwa ranar 18 ta shekaru, 'yan uwan Musa Gershkkovich Kaganovich ya rayu.
La'azar Kaganovich ya tabbatar da cewa an haife shi kuma ya girma a cikin wani matalauta iyali, inda yara bakwai "suka" yi barci a cikin daki ɗaya a kan shagunan. " Uban ya yi aiki a shuka smolalyan, yana samun tenny. Amma masanin tarihi Roy Medvedev yana da hujjar cewa harshen wuta ya sami matsala ta Lukavit. Dangane da bayanin sa, Kaganovich-SR. Scoped shanu, wanda aka sayar wa Kiev ya yanka kuma mutum ne mai arziki.
Masanin tarihi ya ƙi yarda Isabella Allen Feldman. Tana da'awar cewa Uba, Taganrob Kommersant, ya kai ga Musa Gershkovich, a wancan lokacin dan kwallon farko. A cewar bayanan da ba a tabbatar ba, mahaifin "karfe mai ban mamaki ya barke a farkon yakin duniya na farko saboda yarjejeniyar sojan da ba ta samu ba.
Ilimin Lavar Kaganovich ya sami wani abu mai ban tsoro: ya kammala karatunsa daga azuzuwan makaranta 2 a cikin boaron, ya tafi ya tafi a ƙauyen ƙauyen. Amma yana da shekara 14, saurayin ya yi aiki a Kiev. Ya yi aiki a masana'antun masana'antu, sannan ya zaunar da masana'antar takalma, daga inda ya wuce zuwa ga bitar takalmin. Daga aiki na ƙarshe - Lavar mai ɗaukar kaya ne a kan niƙa - an kori abokan aikinsa da goma don zaga mutum goma.
A cikin 1905, babban tasirin kuranovichi shiga cikin sahun Bolshevikaks - Mikhail. Bayan shekara 6, Liva Karanoich ta zama memba na jam'iyyar.
Juyin juya halin Musulunci
A cikin 2014, matasa masu saro ya zama memba na kwamitin jam'iyyar Bolshevik a Kiev, matasa sun yi fushi da sel da aka kafa. A karkashin labulen 1917 a Yuzovka (Donetsk), Shugaban Kwamitin Jam'iyyar ya kuma danƙa maye gurbin Memolungiyoyin ma'aikatan Yuzovsky na wakilai.
A daidai yake 1917 Li'azaru Kaganovich ya tattara. Kyakkyawan mara nauyi da kuma magana mai rauni ya sami m mutum a cikin Sassatov. An kama shi, amma Lavar ya yi shi a cikin Gomel na gaba, yana jagorantar kwamitin Bolshevik. A cikin Gomel, juyin juya hali na ɗan shekaru 24 da suka gamu da al'amuran Oktoba.
Hazar Kaganovich ya ɗaga kai da wani tashin hankalin mai dauke da makamai, wanda aka zaba shi da nasara. Daga Gomel Kaganovich ya koma wurin Petrograd, inda aka zabi sakatare na kwamitin tsakiya na RCP (b).
A shekarar 1925, bayan tashin Lenin da gwagwarmaya da Intraparling, Lazar ya shiga cikin nadin kwamitin tsakiya na Genencin kwamitin (b) na Ukraine. Shekaru uku, Kaganovich shi ne shugaban jam'iyyar da tsoratar da manufofin Stalinist daga bangarorin biyu: Ukrain da fada da gwagwarmayar 'yan kasa da kishin kasa. "
Saboda masu roƙo - Li'azaru Kaganovic an zarge shi da shan matakai da yawa don magance kishin kasa - abokin tarayya na Stalin a 1928 a 1928 a shekarar 1928 a 1928
A babban birnin Sakatare-Janar don Waye Kaganovich Side, ya taimaka wajan yin shiryar da shugaban birnin na jam'iyyar siyasa na siyasa. Li'azaru Kaganovich ta ba da ikon da yawa na iko: ban da masana'antar Agrarian da kuma tattara kaya, sai ya mamaye aikin sake gina babban birnin.
"Kaganovich" Kaganovich suna kiran halakar Almasihu na Kristi Mai Ceto. A cewar wani sigar, Liza Misisevich ya inganta gina gidan masu guba ba a kan rukunin yanar gizon, amma a kan tsaunukan sparre.
FASAHA NA FASAHA "Curator" babban birnin kiran gunkin Metro. La'azar Kaganovich ya jagoranci ayyukan, wanda jirgin karkashin kasa shine shekara 20 ya kira shi suna.
Babban firgita na 1930s, wanda Li'azaru Kaganovich ke ciki, hat hat mai duhu a kan tarihin rayuwa. Sa hannu yana ƙarƙashin daruruwan "mayar da hankali", waɗanda ba su musun "mai tsabtace 'na jam'iyyar ba. Kaganovich ya yarda da cewa "bara" ya faru, amma ya nuna a lokacin da yanayin.
Kwamishinan 'yan'uwa na "karfe" - Mikhail Kaganovich, naraca na masana'antar jirgin sama da narca. Bai jira ya kama shi ba - harbe kansa.
Daga 1935 zuwa 1944 (tare da hutu) Lima Kaganovich ya yi wa agaji na mai cin zarafin hanyoyin sadarwa. Kasancewa cikin lokutan Stalin na "Ubangijin hanyoyi" ya kasance ne na kisan kai: Masana'antar da ke ci gaba da ake buƙata aiki, kamar sadarwa, sadarwa ta jirgin ƙasa.
Amma Kaganovich yana da kwarewar tsari na rashin lafiya kuma yana da damar cika da kuma wuce shirin rage ke rage. A Moscow Krato, Awadan Commissar mutane sun shirya wa yara layin dogo na farko, wanda yake da inganci a yau.
Gwajin wa mai cin zarafin shine babban yakin mai kishin kasa. Hargitsi da rikicewar sojojin soja na farko sun sha da hanyoyin sadarwa. Fifactivimationungiyoyin masana'antar a bayan, gabas, ya yi nasara, kuma wannan shine cancanci Kaganovich Li'azaru. Sabili da haka, gudun hijira daga posts a cikin bazara na 1942, da kuma Kaganovich ya ci gaba da gudanar da masana'antar.
A cikin hunturu na 1943, an ba da abokin aikin Gabatarwa gwarzo na aikin gurguzu, amma don Li'azaru Kowsenous ya fara faɗin aiki. Tsananin da aka fi so ya tafi inuwa, Stalin bai gan shi a cikin magaji ba. Amma a shekarar 1953, a rayuwar Kaganovich, na gaba ne tashin da ke faruwa: ya zama mataimakin shugaban majalisa na farko na majalisa. Irin wannan kyautar ta gabatar da shi Nikita Khrushchev da Georgy Malekov na kungiyar da kungiyar Laveria.
Amma a cikin 1957, Khrushchev ya sanya wata ma'ana a cikin aikin Kaganovich: Na yi nasara da shan kashi na "kungiyar Party kungiyar Molotova-Melonov-Kaganovich". Amma zamanin ya canza, ba a harbi 'yan adawar, amma sun aika zuwa zaman lafiya. A shekarar 1961 Nikita Nikita Sergeevich ya cimma wani banbanci ga abokin gaba daga jam'iyyar.
Hazar Kaganovich shine shaidar ƙarshe na zamanin Stalinist. Ya rayu zuwa ga sake fasalin, amma a kai a kai "ya fusata" a cikin 'yan jaridu, yana kiran abokin ciniki da zargin zama cikin datse. Kaganovich ya n guguwar sadarwa tare da 'yan jaridu, ba su yarda wani hira ba kuma ba ya barata ba. A cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata na rayuwa, an rufe shi da kwayoyi masu shan magungunan da aka rufe suna kuma rubuta littafin membobin.
Li'azaru Kaganovich a cikin jam'iyyar ba a zabi, amma ba a zabi fensho na kansa. Tsohon kwaminisiyar bai yi nadamar da aka yi ba ya bar akidar matasa.
Rayuwar sirri
Matar Li'azaru Kaganovich ita ce matarsa, kuma abokin tarayya. Maria Markovna LOlovskaya ya shiga cikin sahun RSDLP a 1909. Ta yi aiki a cikin ƙungiyoyin kwadagon, an zabe shi ne ga mataimakin mataimakan Mosovet, daga gidajen yara suka jagoranci.
Triuro ya gana da Lazar Moiseevich, lokacin da ya yi aiki a matsayin mai saurin kai. Sun yi aure tare da mutuwar Maryamu a shekarar 1961. Kasancewa cikin shekaru 68, Kaganovich bai yi aure ba.
An haifi ma'auratan Mayaya, wanda ya shirya dan jaridu shekaru 6 bayan mutuwar littafin mahaifinsa, mai suna "Makarantu Mahimwa".
A cikin dangin Kaganovich, dan Yuri ya yi girma, wanda wasu masu binciken rayuwar Statin suka kira shi ɗa na yau da haihuwar ɗa, wanda aka haife shi daga Lifezar Kaganovich - Rachel ya tashi.
Mutuwa
Bayan ya yi ritaya, abokin Stalinke ya zauna a gidan a frunzen ya kwanta.Hazar Kaganovich ya mutu cikin shekaru 97. Bai rayu don rushewar USSR na 5 watanni - ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Yuli, 1991. An binne shi a kan makircin 1 na makabarta na makabarta, kusa da matar Mariya Kaganovich.
A cikin 2017, sake zagayowar fina-finai kusan alkalumma bakwai na jagorancin kasar na Soviets daga 1917 zuwa 1953 ya zo ga allo. Sun tuna da tef da kuma Li'azarin Kaganovich.
Tunani
- A cikin 1938, sunan Kaganovich da ake kira Kaganovic na yankin Pavlodar, amma bayan 1957 ya sake sake shi Emrakovsky.
- An nada masifar Cibiyar Mulkin Siyasa bayan da Li'azaru Kaganovich.
- A shekarar 1938-1943, birni na Popasha Lugansk ana kiranta L. M. Kaganovich.
- A yankin Kiev, SSRINAN SSR ne, suna Kaganovivic Farkon (a 1934) sunan na zamani), da wurin haihuwar Poestkoe), da wurin Lifevichi Kaganovich).
- A cikin yankin oktyabrsky na Amur yankin, akwai cibiyar yanki na garin Ekaterinoslavka, tashar da ta gabata "Kaganovichi".
- Sunan L. M. Kaganovich ya kasance a cikin 1935-1955, alamar shafi na farko da Kaganovich na kwamitin farko na WCP (B).
- A cikin Novosibirsk, Kaganovichsky yanzu an kira yankin jirgin ƙasa na garin.
- A cikin Dnepropetrovsk, an gabatar da Cibiyar Siyarwar Jirgin ruwa ta L. M. Kranovich.
- A cikin 1957, sunan Kaganovic an cire shi daga kowane abu mai suna a cikin girmamawa.