Tari
Gregory Zinvov - sanannen ɗan siyasa Soviet, juyin juya hali da memba na Jam'iyyar Bolshevik. Wannan mutumin ya shiga labarin ba wai kawai shugaba na farko da kuma jagorar abokin hamayyarsu ba, abokin hamayyarsa, da kuma mutumin da kanshi ya zama shugaban ƙarfe.Yaro da matasa
Tarihin rayuwar juyin juya hali na gaba ya fara ne a cikin garin Elisavtrad (yanzu Yukren Kropyvntstsky). An haifi Grigory Zinvov an haife shi ne ranar 11 ga Satumbar, 1883. Sunan da ya ba wa yaron daga haihuwa - Evsei-herch. Uba Zinov, Aaron Rad Romyslky, mallakar mallakar nasu.
A gaskiya sunan, Evsey Aaronovich ya ba da amsa ne kawai a cikin yara da balaga, sannan jam'iyya ta gudanar da ayyukan Grigoriev, Zinvov, ana amfani da shi. Latterarshen ya zauna tare da siyasa har abada.
Grigory Zinvov ya karbi kyakkyawan ilimin gida, kamar yadda al'ada a cikin wadancan shekarun a cikin 'yan kasa suka kulla. A cikin matasa, saurayi ya zama sha'awar falsafa, siyasa, tarihin duniya, kuma ba a cikin tatsuniyar siyasa ba, kuma ba a kan shafukan littattafai na zamantakewa.
Juyin juya halin Musulunci
Abin lura ne wanda ya riga ya kasance a cikin 1901, kasancewa saurayi sosai, Zinvovie ya shiga ciki da dama da kuma zanga-zangar a cikin NOVOSSOSIA. Tsananta daga 'yan sanda sun tilasta wa Zinvovie ya tilasta wa kasar nan. A cikin 1902, juyin juya halin ya motsa zuwa Berlin, sannan ya koma Paris kuma, a ƙarshe, ya tsaya a cikin Swiss Bern. A can Zinovir ya gana da Vladimir Lenin. Wannan taron ya zama mai ban sha'awa: Shekaru da yawa, Grigori Zinovev zai zama daya daga cikin wanda aka makala ga shugaban, Attrney da Wakilin Izini.
A cikin 1903, Grigori Zinovik Party na Bolshevik, tallafawa Lenin. Nan da nan bayan wannan, juyin juya halin ya dawo cikin mahaifarsa don jagoranci aikin kamfen a cikin aji mai aiki. Bayan shekara guda, Zinov ya sake barin ƙasar, wannan lokacin saboda yanayin lafiyar.
Maimaita komawa ga mahaifiyar ta faru a 1905. Nan da nan aka zaban shugaban kwamitin City a cikin St. Petersburg kai tsaye, shima kai tsaye shiga cikin shiri da kuma gudanar da juyin juya hali na 1905. Gwagwarmayar don aikin Bolshevik ya kasance fiye da shekara guda. A cikin 1908, Gregory Zinovev an kwashe shi da tsare, amma bayan 'yan watanni aka saki batun' yanci saboda liyafa lafiya.
Wannan 'yancin' yanci ya taimaka Gregory Zinvoviev don barin kasar Sin: Tare da Vladimir Lenin Zinova ya tafi Austrie Austrie. Tilasta shige da fice har zuwa 1917 - a watan Afrilu Lenin tare da mutane da yawa masu kama da juna sun sake yin tunani a cikin karusar horar da jirgin kasa.
Gwagwarmaya don wutar lantarki da aka fareda cikakke. Gwamnati ta wucin gadi ta sanya sabon yunƙuri don ci gaba da fifikon fifiko, amma sabani ya fara a cikin yanayin Bolshevik. A taron na gaba na kwamitin na tsakiya, Grigori Zinenev ya adawa da tilasta tilasta gwamnatin wucin gadi, wanda ya haifar da rashin amincin VLadimir Leninttent.
Don wannan aikatawa, shugaban juyin juya halin ya yi la'akari da talakawa na ra'ayoyi kuma har ma ya haifar da batun ban da Zinov da Kamenev daga tsarin bikin. Bai zo ga irin wannan ayyukan ba, amma "" "an hana" tarurruka masu adawa da 'yan adawa a madadin kwamitin tsakiya.
Juyin juya halin a halin yanzu ta yi tafiya cikin cikakken juyawa - bolshevikobin sun yi nasarar kama iko a babban birnin arewa. Duk da yanayin yanayin juyin juya hali, an sami matsala a cikin shugabanci na Bolshevik: Kwamitocin ma'aikata sun bukaci halittar jikin dan gurguzu guda, wanda ba zai zama wani bangare na Vadimk Lenin da Leo Trotsky.
Irin wannan tunanin ya hanzarta yin amfani da Gregory Zinvory Zinvor, Lev Kamenv, da magoya bayansu Vikory Rykov. Wannan kungiyar ta ba da damar buƙatun da aka nuna, suna jayayya da ra'ayinta ta hanyar da bukatar kammala hadin gwiwar dukkan masu goyon bayan da ke mulkin juyin juya halin Musulunci. Da farko, da alama magoya bayan Zinovyev zai yi biyayya, amma Lenin da Trotsky ba da daɗewa ba sun sami fifiko ga gefensa.
Kashegari, Zinoviev da magoya bayansa a hankali ya tura kwamitin tsakiya, rubuta bayanan da suka dace. A mayar da martani, Vladimir Lenin ya kira tsoffin abokan aikin karbuwa na akida masu haske da kuma baranda.
Ya zama kamar yadda aikin siyasa na Zingory Zinenta ya kawo karshen. Koyaya, masifa na juyin juya hali ya ba da cancanta da ƙwararrun shugabannin, da Zinoveiv ya dawo siyasa. Har zuwa bazara ta 1918, majalisar kwallon kafa ta Petraggagrad ya jagoranci shi, sannan ta gudanar da sakon shugaban Majalisar Peterogograd, shugaban kungiyar Tarayyar yankin, shugaban kungiyar Beter, shugaban kungiyar Arewacin yankin da Shugaba na babban kwamitin kare dangi na tsohon dan majalisar.
A akida rikicin na Zinoviev tare da Lenin ci gaba: Grigory Zinoviev bai goyi bayan ra'ayin shugaban don fara da ake kira "ja tsõro" bayan da kisan kai da Musa Uritsky da V. Vododar. Bugu da kari, Zinov ya bayyana game da ra'ayin Vladimir Ilyich ya jinkirta babban birnin kasar zuwa Moscow.
A lokaci guda, bisa ga shaidar Pitiru Sorokina, masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam da kuma abubuwan da suka faru da Vladimir Lenin a ƙarshe, ya zama babban mai tsara mummunan abin da ya faru na mafi tsoro na mafi "ja ". Dangane da umarnin Zinoviev, masana ilimi da manyan mutane an harbe, wanda a lokacin la'akari da "aji na amfani".
Daga 1921 zuwa 1921, Gregory Zinvovi ya zama wani bangare na membobin siyasa. Dan siyasa yana aiki tare da rahotanni da jawabai har ma sun fara aiki akan ayyukan da aka tattara. A shekarar 1922, Zinvovie ne farkon wanda ke ba da labarin ga Yusuf Stalin a cikin post na Sakatare, da burin canjin leo trotsky.
Koyaya, a cikin 1925, Grigory Zinvov ya nuna rashin gamsuwa da ayyukan Stalin, ciki har da a cikin labarin "The Falsafar upol", wanda aka buga a cikin "pravda". Sakamakon ya cire Zinoviev ne daga ayyukan siyasa, sannan kuma banbanci daga jam'iyyar.
Zinovory Siyasa ba ta da Gregory Zinov a halin kirki: juyin juya halin ya tuba cikin ayyukansa da 1928 ya sami murmurewa cikin matsayi na jam'iyya. Shekaru hudu, Zinovol ya koyar a Jami'ar Kazan, ɗaukar post na rector, wallafa labarai da jin lafiya.
Koyaya, mummunan inji, ya ƙaddamar da kansa, ya same shi. A shekara ta 1932, Grigory Zinov an kama shi da yanke masa hukuncin shekaru hudu. Bayan shekara guda, aka soke hukuncin. Da alama hadari ya faru ne da jam'iyyar, amma a 1934 Zinvov ya jira sabon wata kama da mummunan hukunci.
Rayuwar sirri
Kuna hukunta da hoto mai adana, hoto Zinvov ba mutumin kirki ba ne, amma na sami ra'ayi game da mutumin da yake so. Matar Farko ta Grigory Zinvove Sara Ravich, a cikin da'irori da'irori, da ƙaddamar da Olga. Matar ta tallafawa ma'aurata a ayyukan juyin juya hali kuma har ma na wani kwamishinan shine kwamishinan na yankin Arewa.
Dangantaka a cikin aure ta farko ta tafi ba, kuma grigory Zinovin aure sake. A wannan karon manufofin shine manufar Lilina, wacce aka sani a karkashin jam'iyyar ta Pakariyar Sona Levin.
Levin kuma ya raba ra'ayoyin gurguzu wanda aka inganta, kasancewa ma'aikaci na jaridar "tauraron" da "gaskiya". A cikin aure na biyu, Grigory Zinvovi ya haifi dan Stefan Stefan. Matashin ya yi ɗan taƙaitaccen rai - yana da shekara 29, an harbe Istafan.
Abu na uku Abokan Grigory Zinvoviev ya zama Evgenia Lasman. Har ila yau, makomar matar ma ba ta same ta: Eugene Yakovlevna ya sha kashi a akai-akai kuma ya kashe kusan shekaru 20 a kurkuku.
Mutuwa
An kama ranar 16 ga Disamba, 1934 Gregory Zinov an kama shi. Ba a cire maimaita juyin juya halin da aka yanke wa shekaru goma a kurkuku ba. An kiyaye haruffan Zinovie, ga Yusuf Stalinov ya nemi jinƙai kuma ya tabbatar da cewa ya tuba.
Bayan shekaru biyu, a shekara ta 1936, Zinvov sun yanke hukuncin hukuncin kisa. 26 ga watan Agusta na wannan shekarar tsohon manufofin harbi. Fetendit ga abin da ya faru daga baya zai rubuta cewa ikon juyin juya halin Musulunci ya jagoranci aiwatar da kisa kuma ba zai iya hawa sama ba.
Kadai ya samu halartar shugaban NKVD Beroda, da kuma ma'aikata iri daya Nikolai Ezhov da Karl Pourer. Wadannan lambobi uku na irony na qarar sun ƙare karni harma da Gregory Zinvov: An harbe su da wasu lokuta.
Sunan Gregory Zinvovi ya sake fasalin ranar 13 ga Yuli, 1988 sakamakon shawarar Kotun Koli ta Tarayyar Soviet.
Fina-finai
- 1927 - "Oktoba"
- 1951 - "Ba a iya mantawa da 1919"
- 1983 - "Red kararrawa"
- 1992 - "stalin"
- 2004 - "Yarin Arbat"
- 2013 - "Stalin tare da mu"
- 2017 - "girbi mai ɗaci"
- 2017 - "Juyin Juyin Jiki
Littafi daya
- 1918 - "Austria da yakin duniya"
- 1920 - Yaƙi da rikicin gurguzanci "
- 1925 - "bolsheuwa-ingse
- 1925 - "Tarihin juyin juya halin Rasha na farko"
- 1925 - "Leniyanci"
- 1926 - "yaƙi, juyin juya hali da mennenvism"