Tari
Marubucin Biritaniya Anthony Burging sananne ne ga masu karatu na duniya na littafin littafin "Clockwork orange". Makomar marubucin, wanda ya haifar da littafin eccentric game da Ultranasili, yana da wahala sosai: marubucinsa da kansa ya rayu tare da bayyanar cutar fiye da fiye da shekaru talatin.Yaro da matasa
John Anthony Burgess Wilson an haife shi ne a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 1917 ba a cikin dangin Manchester na Manchester ba. Mahaifin marubucin na gaba ya yi aiki a matsayin mai lissafi, kuma a karshen mako ya zauna a baya ga Piano a cikin mashaya na gida, don a kalla pound don sake sanya kasafin iyali. Marubucin marubucin littafin littafin "Titin Tim lokaci" ya kasance yana sha'awar kiɗan kuma cikin matsala mai zurfi, lokacin ya ba da darussan Vocals.
Gaskiya ne, Burgen bai ji muryar iyaye na iyaye ba. Matar ta mutu kwatsam lokacin da aka tashe cutar mura a cikin birni. Anthony a wancan lokacin ya kusan shekara biyu.
Ba da da ewa ba shugaban dangi ya shiga aure tare da mai shi mashaya, a cikin abin da ya saba aiki. Bayan kammala aikin da ba shi da lissafi da ba shi da kariya, wani mutum ya fara samun kudi a kan siyar da sigari da taba.
Yayin da ta iremata ta yi mace 'yar kasuwa daga kansa, kuma mahaifinsa ya yi, ya ciyar da dangi, da tarbiyya da ilimin bergess bai yi ba. Ba a san yadda makomar Anthony zata ci gaba ba idan ba a kula da inna ba.
Lokacin da saurayi yake ɗan shekara 20, shugaban ya mutu kuma an bar marubucin shi kadai tare da babban duniya, maƙiya. A cikin zance tare da wakilan kafofin watsa labarai, marubucin ya ce a samar da abokantaka ba shi da abokai, da kuma dangantakar abokantaka da takwarorinsu suna da wahala.
A cikin makarantar, mutumin da aka ɗauki wani fushi. Wannan ra'ayi iri ɗaya game da an inganta shi a cikin ranakun horo na farko, lokacin da aka gano cewa yawancin abokan aji suna da wuya a karanta, kuma Anthony sun cancanci difloma da lissafi.
Yayinda abokan karatun aji suka yi watsi da wadanda suka fi so game da malamai, abubuwan da suka fi so a gungun galibi suna doke Bergess suka bi ta bayyanarsu. Don karkatar da tunani daga tunani mai raɗaɗi kuma kar ku bar ciwon baƙin ciki, Anthony bayan azuzuwan da aka saurara zuwa kiɗa. Mallaka ta farko da ta fara jan hankalin marubucin ita ce pronude na Faransa Claude debussy, mai suna "rana mai suna" yamma sauran daga favna. "
Koyaya, waƙar koyaushe zauna hobby. A matsayin wani muhimmin ayyukan kwararru, Burgess ya zabi koyarwa. Bayan kammala karatun daga kwalejin gida, Anuhu ya kasance a wurin malami kuma a cikin shekaru da 'yan shekaru ya koyar da Turanci Turanci da adabi.
Sabuwar zamani a rayuwar Bergess ta farkon rayuwar Bergess ta farko. A lokacin hidimar a cikin Sojojin, Anthony ya nuna kanta a matsayin mai sakaci. Ya kuma karba kullun tsawatawa da kayayyaki daga juya.
Saurayi ya jefa taken kafa daga kwamandan, to, tare da irin wannan ƙiyayya ta shafa ƙasa wanda ya hau shi kamar yadda ice yake. Karkatar da ya zama mafi girman m. A karshen mako, saurayin ya je ziyarci budurwarsa, Luela Jones, da kuma mantawa da dawowa a lokacin da aka ƙaddara. A karkashin kama da hamada, an ƙaddamar da aikin bincike, amma ba da daɗewa ba saurayin da da da da da da da da da da da da da kansa ya bayyana ga rukunin sojoji.
Litattafai
Abinda kawai aikin Bergess, wanda ya ƙunshi a cikin jerin wallafe-wallafen na kasashen waje, wanda ya juya ya zama wani labari "Clockwork Orange". Wannan aikin shine satirical antiutopia wanda ke gaya game da ƙungiya daga matattu wanda mai tsaurin kai ma zai hushi maniacs maniacs.
Kamar yadda marubucin ya yi magana, littafin yana turawa zafin. Riƙewa don aiki, marubucin yana so ya kawar da abubuwan tunawa da ba shi da alaƙa da fyade na matarsa.
Abin lura ne cewa kamar wata watanni kafin ƙirƙirar "agogo Orange Orange", Burgess ya ziyarci Lengrad, wanda ya sadu da salo. Bayan tattaunawa tare da su, marubucin ya kirkiri "NastSat" - yaren almara na almara na Rasha da kalmomin Latini, Malkchik - "Boy", Korova - Cow ).
Koyaya, babban wahalar ga masu karatu ba duk fahimtar kalmomi da maganganu na mutum, amma ra'ayin sabon labari. Marubucin ya yi imani da cewa yin amfani da kyau kamar na al'ada ga mutum, haka kuma ba shi da kyau mara kyau.
Da farko, "agogo orange" ya ƙunshi surori 21 - a ƙarshe daga gare su, babban halayyar tana haifar da salon sa kuma ya shiga hanyar gyara. Gaskiya ne, daya daga cikin wasikar Amurkawa Irin wannan karshe ya zama da yawa sosai, kuma ya yanke bangare na karshe daga rubutun.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa a cikin raguwa guda ɗaya "agogo orange Orange" da Stanley Kubrick. Fim, Filin da aka yiwa wannan aikin, ya ga haske a shekarar 1962, kuma babbar rawar gani ga Maccolm McDaugell McDaugell.
Hakanan a cikin 1962 a kan qetalcers sunzo oban "da tivenitseed iri". A cikin wannan halittar, Burge ya nuna Fantasy a cikin dukkan haske, kwatanta da yawan yunwa, ana ɗaukarsa laifi, da haihuwa da liwadi suna la'akari da al'adun.
A cikin 70s da 80s, Anthony ya buga littattafai 30, ciki har da aikin "sojojin Duniya", wanda masu sukar kwalliyar Bergeress. A ciki, ana gudanar da labarin a madadin wani mai shekaru tamanin da haihuwa, Kennet Tumi.
An yi imani da cewa prototype na babban hali shine seterset strerset moem. Hakanan littafin ya kuma ya ƙunshi kalamai masu daɗi game da wasu mahimman littattafai da yawa a duniya.
A cikin 1988, Roman, Iron, Iron, an buga baƙin ƙarfe na ƙarfe "wanda ya dogara ne da labarin labarin Eccalibur. Aikin wani farin ciki ne sabon sagu, wanda ya faɗi game da rayuwar ƙarni da yawa na M Whsh - al'ummomin Rashanci ".
Rayuwar sirri
A cikin 1942, Anthony ya yi aure LULELA ISHEROD Jones. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ƙarshen aure tare da Lula, mummunan abin da ya faru: yarinyar da ta yi fice kuma ta doke rukuni na hamsin hamayyar Afirka.
A bayyane yake, dodanni suna son saki wanda aka azabtar (kodayake mace ta kasance kawai zoben aure na bikin aure), amma saboda haka kuka kwashe cewa ba su bar wuri guda wuri guda ba a jiki.
Ba a yi wa Lula da ɗan da ya faɗi cikin matsanancin mugunta ba, waɗanda ba su fito ba har ƙarshen kwanakin. Har ila yau, bayan fyade, yarinyar ta fara azabtar da jini sosai, saboda abin da ta bunkasa cututtukan anemia.
Matar Bergess tana da kyau a kan abin sha mai ƙarfi, ta zama da gaske dogara. Yunkurin murƙushe dutsen da barasa shine babban dalilin mutuwar Luela: a 1968, matar marubucin marubucin ya mutu daga hanta hanta.
A cikin wannan 1968, burcusst aure na biyu. A wannan karon matar marubucin ya zama gimbiya Italiya mai suna Lianna. Matar da fahimtata da gaskiyar cewa mijinta da wuya ya kasance a gida.
Duk da yake yarinyar da yarinyar ta hau kan gidan, Anthony ta halarci gidan wasan kwaikwayon nuni, in ji labaran a cikin jaridu na Burtaniya. A shekarar 1970-1971, Bugarss ya fara koyarwa a Jami'ar Pretceet. A shekarar 1972, marubucin ya shugabanci wani bangare na gidan wasan kwaikwayon Gatri a Minneapolis, kuma bayan shekaru uku ya zama malami a Jami'ar New York a Buffalo.
Mutuwa
Tun kafin mutuwar Luela, matsaloli tare da lafiyar gaba daya kuma bergeess kansa. A cikin daya, ba ranar da ba a sani ba na Anthony ya rasa sani yayin karatun. Sakamakon binciken ya kasance mai takaici: Bergess sami neplasm a cikin kwakwalwa. Likitoci sun yi imani cewa Anthony ya kasance yana rayuwa ba fiye da shekara guda ba.
Wannan yanke hukuncin ya tura marubucin zuwa farkon ayyukan kayan aiki. Ya so ya fi amfani da kwanakinsa da aka kasafta kuma ya fara rubutu da saurin ban mamaki. Littattafan da aka fito daga karkashin alkalami a cikin wani lokaci na kwanaki.
A sakamakon haka, ya juya cewa likitocin sun yi kuskure, kuma Anthony ya mutu cikin shekaru 33 (Nuwamba 22, 1993) bayan likitocin sun sanya shi mummunan ganewar cuta. Kuma mutuwa ta zo ba saboda ƙwayar kwakwalwa ba, amma saboda cutar sankara. A wannan lokacin, ya sami nasarar rubuta littattafai hamsin, ɗaruruwan littattafai na ɗalibai da kuma karatun karatu na al'adu da William Shakespeare.
Mutane kalilan ne suka sani, amma sanannen marubucin ya fafata da kiɗa. A cewar braoogphers, Burgass ya bar ayyuka 175, daga cikinsu akwai ballet, wakokin Symphony har ma da Opera.
Littafi daya
- 1949 - "Bakin Ganin
- 1956 - "Takalan Tiger"
- 1958 - "abokan gaba a karkashin m"
- 1960 - "Hakkin ya amsa"
- 1960 - "Dr. Belen"
- 1961 - "Digiri-da-biyu
- 1962 - "Clockwork orange"
- 1962 - "a"
- 1963 - "Mr. Ederby daga ciki"
- 1963 - "zuma domin bears"
- 1976 - "Dogon hanya zuwa shan shayi"
- 1979 - "Mutumin Nazarat"
- 1988 - "Iron, baƙin ƙarfe"