Tari
A lokacin tsufa, fahimta ita ce fahimtar cewa wayewar ta zama ta dace da bin dokoki da ka'idodi. A wannan lokacin, ka'idodin kyawawan dabi'u, alamu na ado, abubuwan al'adu, kimiyya, an inganta wasanni. Daga cikin wadanda suka ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban rayuwar ɗan adam shine mai shinge na Roman kuma injiniyan Vitruus.
Bai shahara ba yayin da ya karanta lokacin rayuwarsa kuma ba shi da tsammani yana da ilimin encyclopedic, wanda, a cikin ra'ayinsa, ya kamata ya sami. Amma littafin da ya buga shi ya kasance ne kawai shaidar tsarin gini da na in na yau da kullun waɗanda aka samu nasarar amfani dasu a zamaninmu.
Yaro da matasa
Tarihin tarihin Verruvia jerin baƙon abu ne na gaskiya, kuma baƙon abu saboda kowa ya ƙara ma'anar ", tunda ilimin tarihi ba zai iya sarrafa bayanan da daidaito ba.
Vitruvius, da aka sani da cewa Mark Vitruviy Pollyson, an haife shi a cikin kamfen a cikin dangin Archites, godiya ga wanda ya karɓi cikakken ilimin. Hakanan an tsara shi a cikin jerin wurare, saboda babu abin dogara data. Hakanan kamar yadda babu cikakken bayanai akan sunan, ranar haihuwa da mutuwa. An kiyasta lokacin rayuwa - daga 80s zuwa shekaru na 15 BC - An kafa godiya ga ambaton sunan mai zanen a cikin rubuce-rubucen da sauran shugabannin tsoffin shugabannin da suka faru (alal misali, fashewar vesuvius volcano).
Daga cikin abubuwan da aka adana su na marubutan tsoffin tsoffin marubutan Vitruvius, amma na iyali da keɓaɓɓen alama - wakilci kawai na Endarawar Renaissance.
Archect ya rayu a Rome. Kuma, tabbas, a Emperer Pompei da Yulia Cesar ya zama injiniyan soja, kuma a Octusiana Augustus. Ya san yaren helenanci, wanda ya ba shi damar yin nazarin ayyukan akan ginin injiniya, ciki har da kayan aikin soja.
Ilkin fasalin gine-gine
Farkon wuri a cikin gine-ginen Verruvius ne asalin mai zanen. A ra'ayinsa, mutum ya shiga wannan sana'a ya kamata ya zama mai iyawa, ya iya jawo da kyau. Haka ma wajibi ne a san Geometry da tarihi, suna da ilimin falsafa, don fahimtar kiɗa da magani, mallaki mahimmancin doka da bayanai a cikin ilimin taurari da kuma a cikin dokokin sama. Haka kuma, duk waɗannan ilimin ya kamata su sami damar amfani da su, kuma ba don gudanar da tattaunawa akan kowane darasi ba. A gefe guda, don samun damar yin magana da kyau baya hana, alal misali, masanin gine-gine ya sadarwa tare da abokin ciniki.
Vitruvius an san shi da marubucin tsarin da aka shirya Ergonomic. Tsarin ya shahara sosai a cikin kayan zane da kuma gine-gine Godiya ga mutumin Vitrua. Wannan zane na Leonardo da Vinci, wanda aka aiwatar a cikin 1490-1492 kuma sun kira littafin canonical, kwatanci ne ga littafin mai zane da aka sadaukar domin da Arch Arch Architai ya sadaukar.
Yana nuna adadi na adadi na tsirara mutum biyu ya fusata a wani matsayi: tare da sodes ta hannu, yana bayyana da'ira da murabba'i. A cikin sharhi, Leonardo da Vincicatedicated cewa an kirkiro shi don nazarin rakiyar jikin mutum kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin janar na Archingt.
Faɗin Vitruvia ya yanke shawara game da daidaito na dangantaka da mutum, saboda haka, da kuma a jagorar ginin ginin da kuma lokacin gina gine-gine, kuma a lõkacin da gini. Shi ne na farko da za a yi tunani game da asalin Arcadation na gine-gine, na farko shine farkon wanda ya bincika batun batun mawaƙen mawaƙa na wuraren zama.
Peru Verruvia nasa ne ga tsari "mai ƙarfi-amfani". Wannan hukuncin samar da gine-ginen zinare wanda kawai haɗuwa da waɗannan kaddarorin zasu ba da izinin gine-gine da za a iya ganin jituwa da kammala. Kuma babu kayan aikin ba za a iya rama da wani ba.
A duk tsawon rayuwar bitruus, ta shirya nasa labarin game da gine-gine. A cikin tsufa, masanin gine-gine ya yi fansho daga sarki na Agusta, wanda ya yarda ya rubuta kawai tarihin "littattafai goma game da gine-gine). A cikin wannan aikin, m da injiniyan injiniyoyi sun tsara bayanan da aka sani a lokacin, a taƙaice magabata da aka tara da kuma na Roman. Ba a kiyaye kwatankwacin hannu ba don magani ba a kiyaye su ba, kazalika da asali.
Yarjejeniyar ta hada da littattafai 10, kowannensu ya sadaukar ne zuwa wani batun daban - ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwarewar gini, kayan gini, fasali na gina haikalin da kuma tsarin jama'a. Matsalar gina masu kawowar birni da kayan abinci, facade da canza launi na gine-gine, samar da ruwa, hanyoyin samar da ruwa, hanzari da hanyoyin ginin kasar ne.
Littafin yana nuna fifikon farko na injin azaman haɗin haɗin tare da sassa tare da mai yawa ƙarfi don motsa nauyi. Kashi shida a cikin kayan ado suna ware. Classic na duniya gine-ginen Vitruus Cocusian, Yioniya, Doric, umarni Tuscan.
Tun da karni na XV, littattafan da aka buga waɗanda ke ɗauke da bayanin aikin Witrruvia ya fara bayyana a Turai. An buga farkon a cikin 1486 a Roma.
Idan ba tare da tasirin vitruvia da samuwar gine-ginen tsarin gine-ginen ba, lokacin da masanin gine-ginen Italiyanci Leon Battist Albertti ya tabbatar da yarjejeniyar ta hanyar Palazelllai a Florence. Alberti, kamar dai ya dogara da na Architcht, ya rubuta "littattafai goma game da gine-gine." Abubuwan da aka rasa na motoci da hanyoyin kirkirar Vitruvia sun yi kokarin mayar da babban firist Firist donican firist a cikin 1511.
The ka'idar ilimin ilimin Vitruvia an dauke shi a cikin ayyukan nasu - Basilica a cikin yankin Pano a kan Andrian da kuma kirkirar ruwa mai ruwa. Hakanan an san shi da a lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe waɗanda suke jagorantar Julius Kaisar, Vitruvius sun halarci aikin motocin sojoji, bindigogi bindiga.
Rayuwar sirri
Game da rayuwar Vittruvia babu wani bayani.Mutuwa
Ranar da mutuwa ta ayyana a wasu kafofin, shekaru 15 BC, kuma yana da sharadi, tunda babu tabbacin tsarin magana. Wannan hujja ta halarci masana tarihi tarihi don yin jayayya cewa ba a san ayyukan Visruviya a rayuwarta ba yayin rayuwa ba a san su da ƙarfi da mutane ba.
Littafi daya
- Kimanin shekaru 13 a BC - "Littattafai goma game da gine-gine"