Tari
Daya daga cikin shahararrun daular daular daular Jamus ta karni na ashirin shine Erich Maria ya nuna. Masana'antu, wanda maganganunsu suka kasance marasa mutuwa, suna wakiltar "tsara da suka rasa" na goma sha takwas ne suka yi kira a gaban, kuma an tilasta su kashe su. Bayan wannan lokacin ya zama babban dalilin kirkirar marubuci.Yaro da matasa
Erich Mariya Remia Remia Remia Remia ta haife ta ranar 22 ga Yuni, 1898 a cikin garin Osnabruck (daular Jamus). Mahaifin marubuci ya yi aiki tare da murkushe dan kasuwa, don haka gidan dan kasuwa na gaba ɗaya yana cike da adadi mai yawa na littattafai. Tun daga farkon shekaru, ƙaramin kuskure da aka sha'awar da wallafe-wallafe. Musamman ma yara baiwa ta jawo hankalin gidan Foyoevsky, Johen Goethe da Marseille prouus.
Daga tarihin ilimin litattafan litattafan, an san cewa a matsayin yaro, sake yin hoto, yana son zana, tattara barkono, duwatsu da alamomi. Tare da mahaifin dangantakar an shimfiɗa saboda ra'ayoyi daban-daban a rayuwa. Lokacin da Erich ya juya shekara goma sha tara, mahaifiyar ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansa, wanda marubucin ya dumama shi koyaushe, amintacciyar sadarwa.
Erich Mariya ta yi karatu a cikin makarantar coci, a ƙarshen mutumin da saurayi ya shiga yankin Katolika. Sannan ya bi shekarun binciken a cikin Semin Makarantar Soyayya. A nan marubucin ya zama memba na da'irar rubutu, wanda ya sami abokai da mutane masu hankali.
A shekara ta 1916, ya nuna ra'ayi a gaban. Bayan shekara guda, ya samu rauni guda biyar kuma ya kasance a cikin asibitinsa komai. Bayan dawowa ga gefuna na 'yan ƙasa a gidan mahaifinsa Exich ne ya kwashe wa ofis, inda ya fentin kiɗa, fentin kuma ya rubuta. A nan ne a cikin 1920 aikin farko an kirkiro shi - "mafarkin tsafi".
A duk shekara, Erich ya koyar a makarantar gida, amma daga baya sun ƙi wannan sana'a. Marubucin ya canza aiki da yawa kafin ya fara samun tare da rubutu. Don haka a lokuta daban-daban ya yi aiki a matsayin mai lissafi, malamin koyarwa, ɗan kwali har ma da masu binciken.
A cikin 1922, ya nuna Osnabbruck kuma ya tafi Hannover. A can ya zauna a cikin mujallar "ECOCO SHIDIYAR", A cikinsa ya rubuta taken taken watanni, ayoyi ayoyin da labarai daban-daban.
An san cewa Erich kuma buga a cikin sauran mujallu. Don haka aiki a cikin littafin "Sport su da ɗan" Sport su da kyau "ya buɗe ƙofar zuwa duniyar Littafi. A shekarar 1925, ya tafi dan jaridar kai ya tafi Berlin ya zama editan misalin wannan mujallar.
A cikin 1926, ɗayan mujallu da aka buga litattafai "daga lokutan matasa" da "Mace da idanu na zinare." Wannan shi ne farkon hanyar mahimmin jawabi. Daga wannan lokacin bai daina rubutu ba, ƙirƙirar sabon ƙira.
Litattafai
A cikin 1928, wani labari "tsayawa a sararin sama" aka buga. A cewar wani aboki na marubuci, littafi ne game da radiators na farko da kyawawan mata. Bayan shekara guda, haske ya ga sabon labari "a gabar yamma ba tare da canji ba." Shawarwani a cikin ya bayyana dukkanin tashin hankali da rashin lalacewar yakin ta gaban saurayin shekara goma sha tara.
An tura aikin zuwa harsuna talatin da shida, an ba shi sau arba'in. A Jamus, littafin ya yi furuci (koran miliyan ɗaya ya wuce shekara). A cikin 1930s, an cire aikin ta fim.
An yi alama a cikin shigarwar ta 1931 zuwa ga hasken littafin "dawowar", suna ba da labarin rayuwar 'yan makarantar' yan makaranta na jiya waɗanda suka dawo daga yakin. Shekaru biyar bayan haka, littafin "uku comrades" ya bayyana a kan shelves. An buga shi a kan Danish da Ingilishi.
A shekara ta 1938, na fara aiki akan aikin "ƙaunar tsakiya ta tsakiya", wanda aka kammala a 1939. Sai Mujallar Colon ta fara buga ƙirƙirar marubucin marubuci.
A watan May 1946, wani sabon labari "Trumaduphal Arch" ya fito a Jamusanci a Jamusanci, kuma a tsakiyar bazara, wanda ya kammala karatunsa daga aikin "Spark na rayuwa". A shekara mai zuwa, an yi sabon fim ɗin a cikin labarin "a gefe guda" (ana kiran hoton "wasu ƙauna").
A shekarun 1950 sun zama shekarar da ta hana dangantakar abokantaka da Natasha kodadde (launin ruwan kasa) bayan shekaru goma na taro na dindindin, zanga-zangar da sulhu. A daidai wannan lokacin, aikin ya fara ne da littafin Nadowa "Landasar alkawarin" ("inuwa a cikin Aljanna") da "Black Obelisk".
A shekara ta 1954, wani sabon alkhairi na anti-yare "lokaci don rayuwa da lokacin mutuwa" an sake shi, a cikin 1959 a cikin 1962, wani littafin littafin "dare a cikin Lisbon "ya bayyana a kan shelves.
Rayuwar sirri
A shekarar 1925, nuna ra'ayi Berlin. A nan cikin lardin mai hikima, 'yar mai shelar mujallar mai daraja ya faɗi cikin ƙauna, wanda ya yi aiki a ko'ina. Gaskiya ne, iyayen yarinyar ta hana bikin su, duk da cewa marubucin ya sami editan wuri a cikin littafin.
Ba da daɗewa ba, Erich sun aure dancer Ilzeat The Zpon, auren tare da wanukan wanzu na hudu. Bolshaya, wata yarinya mai siye ta zama jigon wasu ma'aurata na 'yan rubutu, gami da Pat daga "Comramades uku".
Sannan dan jaridar Metroroolitan ya halatta mantawa da abin da ya gabata: Santa masa a matsayin kide, masu kayatarwa har ma sun sayi masarautar baron na 500 tambura mai tsananin gaske.
A watan Janairun 1933, a gaban Hauwa'u Adolf Hitler zuwa iko, wani aboki na nuni ya shawarci marubucin da wuri-wuri don barin garin. Erhich nan da nan ya zauna a cikin motar kuma, abin da ya kasance, ya tafi Switzerland. A watan Mayu na wannan shekara, Nazis ya ci amanar labari "a gaban Yammaci baya ba tare da canji ba" tare da burodin jama'a, kuma marubucin sa ya hana shi ɗan ƙasar Jamusawa.
A shekara ta 1938, marubucin ya yi aiki mai daraja. Taimakawa tsohuwar ka, fita daga Jamus kuma ta ba ta damar zama a Switzerland, sai ya sake kammala da mata aure wanda aka dakatar da shi ne kawai a cikin 1957th.
Mace mafi mahimmanci a rayuwar marubucin ya zama sanannen fim din Marlen Cinta, wanda shine Provotype na littafin littafin "Trumumphhal Arch" - Joan Madu. Hakanan ta bar Jamus kuma ta bar Jamus kuma tun 1930, an samu nasarar yin nasarar yin nasarar yin nasarar a Amurka. Daga mahangar game da yadda ake yarda da kyawawan dabi'un, Marlene bai haskaka da kyau ba.
Littafinsu ya kasance mai wuce yarda da marubucin. A Faransa, Marlene ta isa da matashi, miji da farkawa na mata. Sun ce 'yan wasan hixuual, wanda ya nuna taken sunan wasan Puma, Coahites tare da su duka. A gaban ambaton, ta kuma yi wata alaƙa da mai arzikin Lesbian mai arziki daga Amurka.
Saboda ciwon kai, Erich ya shirya don gafarta mai zane, fara rayuwa daga fararen takarda. Lokacin da aka gabatar da Maryane ya aure shi, matar ta shaida wa Dutsen Kavalera game da abin da zubar da ciki ya yi. Mahaifin Yaron shine dan wasan Jimmy Stewart, wanda aka sanya shi a cikin fim ɗin "Dandy sake a cikin sirdi."
Lokacin da Dishich ya gano cewa nuna alamar da aka kwato a Amurka (ciki har da aikin 22 na filin 13 na Cezanne), Marlene yana so ya sami hoto ɗaya a matsayin ranar haihuwar. Bayan wulakancin wulakanci, magana tana da isasshen Ruhu don amsawa da ƙi.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa a cikin Hollywood marubucin bai ji bandwidth. Kudinsa yana da kyau kwarai. Ya ji daɗin nasara tare da shahararrun masu hidimasen, ciki har da sanannen sanannen Gorta Garbo. Gaskiya ne, bayyanar haske na fim ɗin Fimtolitis mai ban mamaki. Mutane sun yi daidai da girman kai.
A ƙarshe, juyawa tare da Marlene, ya koma New York. Anan a 1945 wanda aka gama amfani da shi. A karkashin ra'ayi game da mutuwar 'yar uwa, ya fara aiki akan sabon labarin "Spark na rayuwa" wanda aka sadaukar da shi a kan ƙwaƙwalwar ta. Shine littafin farko game da abin da shi da kansa bai san - game da sansanin maida hankali na Nazi ba.
A cikin 1951, a New York, marubucin ya sadu da jirgin sama na shekara, wanda a lokacin yana ɗan shekara 40. Magabon magabata daga mahaifiyar sun fito ne daga manoma na Amurka, baƙi daga Ingila, kuma tare da na agaji ne.
A cikin 1957, ya yi magana a hukumance bisa hukuma tare da Uyutta, suna biyan shi dala dubu 25 kuma sanya abun ciki na $ 800 a wata. Tunanin shekara mai zuwa da Goddar ta halarci dangantakar.
Mutuwa
Ka tuna da ya kwashe ruwan da suka gabata tare da jiragen sama a Rome. A lokacin bazara na 1970, marubucin ya sake amincewa da zuciya, kuma an danshi shi a asibiti a Locarno. A can, marubucin ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Satumba. Kabarin Mahaliccin aikin "Spark na rayuwa" yana kan Kabarin Ronis.
A ranar da aka sani cewa a ranar da tsohuwar matar ta aiko da tsohon matar wardi, amma Yunkasa bai sanya su a akwatin gawa.
Shekaru 5 na farko bayan mutuwar mijinta, ya kasance mai himma a cikin al'amuransa, wallafe-wallafe, kwanciya wasa. A shekarar 1975, ba ta da lafiya. Tare da ƙari a cikin kirji an cire shi da girma (akwai haƙarƙarin da yawa), kuma mace ta kumbura.
Marubucin ƙaunataccen ya yi shekara 15, amma waɗannan shekaru masu tsacin rai ne. Jirgin jirgin ya zama baƙon, captara kuma ya ɗauki magani mai yawa. A cikin bacin rai na gaba, uwargidan ta ba da dala miliyan 20. Jami'ar New York, sannan ta fara sayar da tarin tarin abubuwa da aka gabatar.
Hakanan an san cewa tsohon matar Charles chaplin akai-akai kokarin kashe kansa. Maigidan gidan a New York, wanda ya cire Apartment, ba ya son barin wurin giya ya nemi wurin da zai je ya tafi Switzerland.
A ranar 23 ga Afrilu, 1990, An sayar da jiragen saman Katangar a cikin abin da kayan adonta aka sayar a wannan rana. Sayarwa ta kawo $ 1 miliyan, kuma 3 hours bayan kammala karatun, actress ya mutu. Na binne yarjejeniyar Nominee Oscar kusa da mijinta a cikin Swiss Cemit.
Littafi daya
- 1920 - "Matsayi Tsara"
- 1924 - "Gem"
- 1927 - "tashar a sararin samaniya"
- 1929 - "A yammacin gaban ba tare da canji ba"
- 1931 - "dawo"
- 1936 - "uku comrades"
- 1941 - "Ka kaunar maƙwabcinka"
- 1945 - "Traiumal Arch
- 1952 - "Spark na rayuwa"
- 1954 - "Lokaci don rayuwa da mutuwa"
- 1956 - "Black obelisk"
- 1959 - "aro na rayuwa"
- 1962 - "Daren Lisbon"