Tari
Don karamin tarihin rubutu, Amurka ta sami damar barin babban gado. Mark Twain, Jack London, Margaret Mitchell, Margaret Mitchell, Margaret Maychell, Margaret By, Sarki Stephen, dandano Stephenore, dandano da Kasa da wani abu mai yiwuwa, amma hada kai. Wataƙila mafi yawan kwatancin da aka fi bayyana suna haifar da ayyuka ta hanyar sanannu na Amurka Casotic Scott Fitzgederald.Yaro da matasa
Francis an haife shi ne a cikin iyalai baƙi daga Ireland. Kakana a kan layin na Philip Mckilllan, yin hijira zuwa Amurka, suna yin hijira zuwa Amurka, yana yin hijira zuwa ƙafafunsa a cikin sabuwar ƙasa kuma sami wadata. Amma Eduard ya samojgerald, wanda ya fucked daga Ireland guda - Uba na marubucin na gaba, ya kasa cimma sakamako iri daya. Eduurd da aka kafa da ƙarewa ya ƙare tare da iyakar, don haka lokacin da Molly Mckilan ya haifar da iyayen mijin gaba, suna kokarin hana yarinyar daga irin wannan lamarin da ba za a iya dogara da shi ba.
A ƙarshe, Edward da Molly wasa bikin aure, saboda tsohon mutum McQuill dole ya jure da wannan kuma da farko don taimakawa sabon dangin da aka yi. Daga baya, Chet Fitzgeralds ya fara kasuwanci kuma zai iya samar da kansa.
Matsalar kawai azaba da matasa ita ce mutuwar yara biyu na farko. Sabili da haka, ma'aurata ba su iya fahimta ba, lokacin da ɗan da daddare ya bayyana a gaban Satumba 24, 1896. Yaron ya yanke shawarar kiran Francis Scott.
Tun daga Francis da 'yar'uwarsa Louise membobin dangin Katolika ne, sannan yara masu ilimi na farko suka samu a makarantun Katolika. Yaron ya yi karatun digiri daga makarantar kimiyya St. Paul (Saint Past Academy), wanda ke cikin asalin yanayin Minnesota.
Matasan sun fito fili a makarantar Newman), wanda ke cikin Massachusetts ya ci gaba da yin karatu. Yin karatu a makarantar Newman, Francis ya kashe lokacin ilimi na kansa.
Bayan kammala karatu daga wata makaranta mai zaman kansu, mutumin ya koma New Jersey don shigar da Jami'ar Prenceton. A matsayina na dalibi na wata babbar jami'a, Fitzgerald tunani game da aikin marubucin da kuma yanayin ban dariya mai ban dariya. Francis sun halarci wasannin waya, amma bai manta game da fom na zahiri da za a bi: Fitzgerald shima ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta sansanin.
Koyaya, jami'a ba ta juya jami'a ba. A maimakon haka, a cikin 1917, ya tafi ga sojoji ne a shekara ta 1917, inda, ya sami damar gina sana'a, ya isa taken kwamandan kwamandan Brigade.
A shekara ta 1919, Fitzgerald ya bar safai na soja. Shirye-shiryen Guy sun kasance bikin aure tare da Zelda Seyra, kyakkyawar yarinya daga dangin da aka girmama daga Alabama. Amma iyayen Zelda suka hana wannan aure bai hana 'yarta ga mutumin ba, wanda ya dawo daga shiga daga rundunar kuma ba shi da tsadar samun kudin shiga. Wato lalle kururuwa na makomar - maimaita daga makomar Uba da mahaifiyar.
Francis Scott ya yanke shawarar cewa idan ya zama sanannen marubuci, to, iyayen yarinyar za ta canza tunaninsu. Fitzgerald ya koma New York, inda ya fara yin rayuwa, yana aiki a matsayin wakili na talla, kuma a cikin lokacinsa na kyauta - rubuta littafin farko.
Litattafai
Rubuce-rubucen da aka gama na aikin "mai son kai mai zuwa" Francis ya aiko babban manyan gidajen sabbin wuraren New York, amma a martani ya samu ne kawai gazawar. Ya zama mai ƙarfi sosai ga mutumin. Ya fara sha, sannan ya kori aikin. Hagu ba tare da wata hanyar rayuwa ba, ya koma gidan iyaye.
Kira kadan, FitzgeRald yanke hukunci don gyara rubutun, wanda ke kaiwa zuwa rubutunsa daga karce. Sabuwar kwafin na marubucin novice ya aiko da marubutan sake. Daga fatawa da mai rubutun Charles dan wasa ya zo wata wasika da babban Edita Maxwell Perkins. A ciki, shugaba ya ba da rahoton cewa aikin Francis ya sha bamban da duk abin da aka buga yanzu. Amma mailika yana shirye don ɗaukar dama kuma a saki littafi, kamar yadda ya yi imani da nasarar ta.
A ranar 26 ga Maris, 1920, "Sake rubuta" mai son Romantic "yana zuwa Charles ɗan lituniya Sonansa da ake kira" a wannan gefen aljanna ". Littafin ya zama mashaya (a cikin waɗancan shekarun ba a yi amfani da wannan kalmar ba, amma a yau ba ta da bukatar shawarar sabon labari ba, marubucin shahararren ne - Amelda Seuyir - Amelda Sezgerald.
Morearin Francis ya rubuta labarai don Almanacs, za a buga mujallu a cikin tarin farko "ya yi zurfin". A watan May 1922, tarihin tarihin "tarihin tarihin Bilen Batbamin" an buga shi a cikin mako mai amfani mako-mako, wanda har ma da ficgerald a matsayin sabon ƙarni - ƙarni na Jazz.
Duk da haihuwar 'yarta, Francis da Zama suka fara jagorantar salon salon kuma ya zama gwarzo na Tarihi. Duk wasikun da suka yi suna da gaske ta hanyar iyakoki da ƙarfin hali. A cikin 1922, Fitzgeralds suna samun sabon gidan da aka gina a cikin Manhattan. A can marubucin ya fara aiki a kan "babban Gatsby".
A lokaci guda, Francis ta wallafa littafinsa na biyu - "Kyawawan da nakali", sannan ya sayar da hakkoki a cikin shafin, sannan kuma saki tarin "Labaran Jazz" da kuma smear "hankali ".
A cikin 1924, Fitzgederald ya yanke shawarar zuwa Turai. A lokacin tafiya, yana da lokaci don samun sabon masaniya, kazalika da abokaina tare da Ernest Hemingway, wanda ya rayu a lokacin a Paris. A cikin Amurka, a wannan lokacin, ukun Francis na uku yana fitowa - "Babban Gatsby", da kuma fim din fim dinsa, Herbert Benon ya harbe shi.
Komawa ga mahaifiyar mahaifiyar, marubucin ya buga wani wani tarin, wanda ake kira "Duk waɗannan samari na baƙin ciki", bayan waɗanne banbancin baƙi ya fara a rayuwar Fitzgerald. Fa'idodi suna ganin irin girgije ne daga matansa da farkon ci gaban schizophrenia. Ceta Zelda ya gaza. Francis sake gwadawa ga barasa, wanda ke haifar da rikicin kirkirar.
A shekara ta 1934, wani sabon labari ne na marubucin yana fitowa - "dare", dangane da tarihin ra'ayin nasa.
Daga baya fitzgerald yanke shawarar canza wurin da ake aiki kuma ya zama darektan Hollywood. Tare da sa hannu, akwai kaset da yawa na waɗancan shekarun, amma manyan nasarorin da suka kasance suna "aboki guda uku" Frank Barruigi a kan littafin Erich Mary Rashidik da "Mata" na George Kickor. Abin mamaki, a cikin kowane ɗayan waɗannan finafinan a cikin Titers, sunan marubucin ba a ƙayyade ba.
A cikin 1939, Fitzgerald yana fara aiki akan "kalmar girmamawa ta ƙarshe" - wani labari ne game da tayin Hollywood. Wannan ba labari ne za a saki riga da shi, kazalika da tarin "kayan abinci" da "farashi mai kyau tarbiyyewa."
Fitzgerald zai iya zama mafi yawan sauya ruhun wancan lokacin. Wannan ya kai ga fitowar garkuwoyi da yawa na littattafan sa. Da ... babban Gatsby "(1974) na Jack Clayton da Robert Redford da Mii Barrow De Niro," in ji Magrow de Niro, "1976) Elia Fincher tare da Robert De Niro," 1986) Elia Fincher Tare da Brad Fint Batting da Kate David Fin Blanchetta, da kuma "Babban Gatsby" (2013) Basarin Lurman tare da son fitattun 'yan wasan - Joel Ederdon, Elizabeth Debiri da Jason Clark.
Hakanan a cikin 2016, "kalmar girmamawa ta ƙarshe" ta fito akan hotunan. Bom bom da Lily Collins sun cika a cikin sabon hoton. Wannan ba shine kawai tsarin talabijin kawai na ayyukan Fitzgerald - A TV, duka da daban-daban Labaran talabijin kamar "dakatarwa da" sup da "cullation".
Rayuwar sirri
Daga 1920 zuwa 1940, Fitzgederal ya auri Syer. A ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 1921, wasu biyu suna da 'yar frances.
Bayan kisan aure tare da Zelda Fitzgederal, sau da yawa sun haɗu da wani ɗan jarida rubutu game da labarai na Hollywood don manyan bugu. Sabuwar zaɓin Francis da ake kira Sheila Graham. Tare sun yi kadan, mutuwar marubucin ya yi aiki a matsayin mutuwar.
Mutuwa Francis Scott Fitzgederald
Marubucin ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Disamba, 1940.
Babban sa zuciyar mutuwa al'ada ce ta zuciya, kodayake, abokai da kuma abubuwan da ba su zama ba saboda yawan shan barasa, wanda ya ci amanar shi bayan kashe da Zelda.
Littafi daya
- 1920 - "Ta wannan hanyar Firdausi"
- 1922 - "Tarihin Asiri na Benjamin Batbar"
- 1922 - "Kyakkyawan da kuma nakasa"
- 1923 - "Labarun game da karni na Jazz"
- 1925 - "Babban Gatsby"
- 1926 - "Duk waɗannan ƙananan baƙin"
- 1934 - "Night" dare "
- 1935 - "Sauran sigina"
- 1941 - "Magnanta na karshe"
- 1945 - "Wrecker"