Tari
Sunan mawatt mawaki na John Donna ya tsaya a jere guda tare da William Shakespeare da Philip Sidney. Babban wakilin makarantar Mataimakin a cikin mawallafin hade da ka'idodin Polar. Abbot haikalin, wanda Katolika, ko cocin Anglan. Marubucin wa'azin ba tare da kalli mai haske ba da waƙoƙin ba don dukkanin duk abubuwan da ke cike da kulawa da hankali. A cikin tsakiyar Donna waƙoƙin, kwance kan juniyawar Renaissance da baroque, akwai mutum da ƙarfinsa, haɗuwa da aikin ji da hankali.Yaro da matasa
A cikin tarihin na John Donna akwai gaskiyar abin ban sha'awa - ba a san komai na haihuwa ba. A cikin tushe daban-daban, ana nuna shi ko dai 16 ga Janairu, ko rata daga Janairu 24 zuwa 1972. An haifi Yahaya a cikin dangin dan kasuwa na tsakiya. A cewar layin uwa, ya danganta da dan wasan John Hawwood da Falsafar, Ubangiji Chans england Moraya Moraya. Iyalin sun yi biyayya ga bangaskiyar Katolika wanda ya sa daga baya ya shafi zaɓin mutum da kuma damar Yahaya.
Yana da shekara uku, yaron ya kasance ba tare da uba ba. Mahaifiyar ta auri shugabar Kwayar likitanci na Royal Chentemal din John mismini. Tuni da shekaru 10, Donn san Linin da Faransanci. A cikin iyayen 12 sun aiko Yahaya zuwa mataki na farko a Jami'ar Oxford.
A wannan lokacin, a Ingila, ya 'yantar da ruhun canji, kuma a cikin 1586 saurayin ya tafi Cibiyar College zuwa Cambridge. Amma ba a farkon ko na biyu ba kuma ba a karɓi difloma na matasa ba, saboda ƙi yarda ya sa wani rantsuwar cocin Katolika na cocin Katolika. Wanda aka azabtar da rikici na majami'u shi ne ɗan'uwan Yahaya, Henry, wanda ya zo kurkuku don saboda muradin firist. John ya sami damar kawo karshen makarantar laƙabi Lincolnz Inn.
Baya ga ilimin kimiyya, mawaƙi na da harshe da tauhidi. Waƙar shayari da wasan kwaikwayo sun faɗi a cikin da'irar sha'awa. Amma a lokacin da a ƙarshen binciken, Yahaya ya nitse rabin gado a tafiya da nishaɗi. Donn ya rayu a Spain, Faransa da Italiya da yawa shekaru, inda ya yi nazarin al'adun da yaran wadannan kasashe. Bugu da kari, ya shiga kungiyar 'yan wasan sawun' yan fashin teku na Walter Rali na Walter Rali, daya daga cikin shugabannin shan kashi na Spain Armar Armar, da Robert Dever, Graf Esex.
A cikin 1601, mataimaki ne na gidan commons. Daga 1605 ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin babban taro na Thomas, Furci Furotesta da kuma marubucin Ayyuka, Ka yi tunanin Roman Katolika. A cikin jami'in Oxford na 1610 na majibi ne na ubangijin Arts, ya yi wa maigidan. A cikin 1615, an sanya Yahaya Sarki Yakov's Capellane. Shekarar shekara guda, don haka, Don ƙarin karbe takarda ta tiyoloji a cikin Motar ta Alma - Makaranta Lincolnz-Inn.
Litattafai
Masu binciken John Donn na kerawa sun yanke hukuncin cewa mawaƙin ya fara rubuta waƙoƙi a farkon 90s na karni na XVI. Amma yayin rayuwar aikin da ba a buga su ba, litattafan da sermons da sermonson sun sanannu. Ranarsa ta farko satirical kwanakin baya zuwa 1593. A cikin "littafin Satir donna", marubucin ya yi ƙoƙari ya koxar da tsauraran duniya ta hanyar daidaitawar Ikilisiya ta haifar, bincika mahimmancin tallafi a rayuwa.
A cikin 1597 a cikin sawun balaguron zuwa Azu'es an rubuta shi da "hadari" da "shtil". Zabi na halitta ya nuna ikon zama na wanzuwa, don haka yake ƙarfafa saurayin cikin imani da Allah.
Yayin sabis a Sir Thomas, mawaƙi ya sami damar zuwa mafi girman haske. Elgy rubuce daga gare shi, sonts ya shahara tare da Beaujda. Marubucin ya sami manyan maganganu masu girma, Sarkin Yakov Na kira waƙar donna allahntaka.
A cikin 1601, John Donn ya rubuta "ban kwana, haramtawa bakin ciki" wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga matarsa. Wannan shi ne ɗayan shahararrun masanan ƙauna. Bai kamata mafi kusantar da mafi kyawun ƙaunar mawaƙar da ta nuna ba kuma ya nuna hadisan da kalmomin ƙaunar da Renaissance.
Babban iyali da matsalolin Jiniku sun dawo zuwa gana zuwa addini da kuma ba da shawarar rubuta "Lor Corona" da "Sonetov". Amma idan a cikin zagayawa na farko har yanzu shine ainihin yanayin farin ciki, to, togon na biyu yana lalata rayuwar bata rai, wahala, fitina don rayuwa ba tare da Allah ba. A cikin Sonnets, John ya ga cewa shaidar lokaci daga rayuwar Almasihu da Budurwa Maryamu.
A cikin 1607, Yahaya, yana fuskantar rikicin na ciki, ya fara bincika lamarin kisan kai. 'Ya'yan itacen tunani shi ne binciken "Biatanatoos". Kasancewa lauyan lauya, Donna ya matso kusa da madawwamiyar rayuwa a matsayin daya daga cikin hanyoyin kisan.
Haihuwar hangen hoton hoton duniya donn ya bayyana a lokacin tunawa da ranar tunawa da aka rubuta don yin oda. A lokaci guda, da aka samu karshe lokacin tunaninsa ya rikice a matsayin rabuwa da hankali a cikin mutane da ya haifar da gyara cocin.
A cikin 1611 na wallafa binciken da aka nuna "Ignatius da kammalawa", direbanta a kan Jesuits. An bayar da littafin Yabov na yabon Sarki Yakov I. A cikin waka "bikin" na biyu ", wanda aka buga a 1612, Don murnar abin da rai ya bukata. Kuma ya isa ga kenan cewa mutum ba zai sami amsa a cikin tunani ɗaya ba.
John ya jawo hankalin powafleses don batutuwa na addini. Sarki ya gano cewa mai wa'azi mai kyau zai fito daga John. Donn ya ji rauni ga dagewa da 1615 ya yarda da wani firist. Bayan shekaru uku, ya karbi matakin Dr. Tiyolo na Jami'ar Cambridge. Amma kafin ya karɓi San John ya ci nasara kan kansa: Ya san karancinsa kuma ya yi imani da cewa bai cancanci a wajabta ba. Shakka John ya bayyana a cikin waka "Jumma'a", an rubuta a lokacin bazara 1613.
Daga John Mashawar Yahaya Don Donn - Abbot na Babban Cathedral na St. Paul a London, daya daga cikin manyan cocin Turai na lokacin. Bugu da kari, a cikin shekarar Salicin Duniya na 1622 a cikin Kent da Bedfordshire, Alkalin Kwamitin Royal a kan Kotunan Ikilisiya. A wannan lokacin, ɗaukakar ɗayan mafi kyawun masu wa'azin zamanin ta zo ga Yahaya.
A ƙarshen 1623, Don Donn ba shi da lafiya. Kasancewa tsakanin rayuwa da mutuwa, John bai daina aiki ba, bincika yanayin mutum. Farida ta karshe ita ce aikin falsafanci "daukaka kara ga Ubangiji a cikin sa'a da bala'i."
Littafin ya hada da sassa da yawa. Kowannensu ya ƙunshi sassa uku: "Yin zuzzurfan tunani", "gargadi". Wataƙila shahararrun kalmomi daga wa'azin - wannan
"Babu wani mutum da zai kasance kamar tsibiri, a cikin kanta, kowane mutum yana da ɓangaren babban birkanci, ɓangaren kowane mutum ya ragu da dukkan ɗan adam, saboda haka ni Kada ku tambaya, kararrawa kira: Yana kira da ku ".An yi amfani da kalmomin daga sabis na addu'a da sunan sabon labari game da yakin a Spain.
Rayuwar sirri
Komawa a cikin 1598 daga tafiya, John ya shiga Sakataren Sakataren Kulkaci na farfajiyar Albashi na Aliriya, Ubangiji ya kulla dan wasan Royal Fitar Sir Thomas Ejerton. Gaban saurayi ya buɗe bege sosai. Amma a cikin 1601, Yahaya ya rasa wannan damar, a asirce a asirce ga ɗan da ɗan gidan Anna Mor.Bayan shekara guda, kotu ta tabbatar da halal na aure, kuma a cikin 1609, mahaifin Anna mahaifin ya azabtar da wani aure mara misalin 'yarsa. Ma'aurata sun zauna a cikin kashin matar matar. Cousin Anna, Sir Francis Wallley, ya ɗauki Yahaya zuwa sabis.
Kusan kowace shekara yaran yara sun bayyana a cikin iyali, amma daga 12 na tsira takwas. Dama da yaro na ƙarshe a cikin 1617, Anna ya mutu. Zai yiwu mutuwar yara ko kuma wasu azaba ta ruhaniya ta jagoranci donna daga Katolika zuwa cocin Anglican
Mutuwa
A cikin 1630, Yahaya ya kara cutar da cutar. Abbot na majalisar St. Paul ya mutu a cikin 1631. Binne a can.
An shigar da hoton sculas na Donna sama da kabari, wanda umarninsa ya kirkira kafin mutuwa.
Littafi daya
- 1601 - "Farewell ta haramtawa bakin ciki"
- 1607 - "La Corona"
- 1611 - "Ignatius da Kammala"
- 1612 - "Anatomy na duniya"
- 1624 - "Idan aka yiwa Ubangiji a kowace sa'a da bala'i"
- 1631 - "Mutuwar Mutuwar