Tari
Abokin gaba na Stalinist da Kwaminisanci, mai tsaron ragar gurguzu, wanda ya yi gwagwarmayar da a yakin duniya na II a gefen jama'ar USSR, wannan marubucin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mutane masu rikicewar zamaninsa. Idan aka shirya rikici a kan jama'a, wanda aka nemi shi, shi da kansa ya rubuta game da kansa cewa baƙon a cikin wannan duniya da lokacin.Yaro da matasa
Eric Arthur Blair (Creativewararriyar magana George orwell) an haife shi a cikin garin Motihari (Bihar, India) a ranar 25 ga Yuni, 1903. Mahaifin Eric ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'i a cikin sashen, wanda ke sarrafa samarwa da adana opium. Game da mahaifiyar da tarihin marubucin marubuta na gaba yayi shiru. A cewar tsoffin dabbobi, yaron ya girma a cikin dangi marubuci: A cikin yara da yara ya tausayawa yarinyar, amma mahaifiyarsa ta daina sadarwa, kuma ɗanta ba su yi zalunci ba.
A shekaru takwas ya shiga makarantar Ingilishi ga yara maza, inda ya yi karatu har shekara 13. Yana da shekara 14, Eric nasara da nadin malanta, godiya ga wanda ya shiga makarantar Boys na Burtaniya na yara - Kwalejin Ion. Bayan kammala karatun daga makaranta, Eric Arthur ya shiga hidimar ga 'yan sanda na Myanmar (a baya Burma). M a tsarin siyasa na jin dadin siyasa na al'umma, Blair ya tafi Turai, inda ya yi rayuwa a kashin ƙaramar aiki. Daga baya, wannan matakin marubutan rayuwarsa zai yi tunani a cikin ayyukansa.
Litattafai
Bayan ya juya kyautar rubutu, Blair ya koma Paris kuma ya tsunduma cikin rubuce litattafai. A nan ya buga labarin farko "Kafuwar Likha a Paris da London," inda ya bayyana kasada yayin rayuwa a Turai. A Burtaniya, marubuci ya kasance takaitaccen yatsa, kuma a Faransa, sabulu jita-jita a cikin gidajen cin abinci na Paris. An kira sigar farko na littafin da keke daga cikin kayan wanki kuma aka bayyana rayuwar marubucin a Faransa. Duk da haka, marubucin ya sami ƙima ga mai shela, bayan da ya kara da Kasadar London zuwa Littafin kuma ya juya zuwa wani gidan bugu, inda ya rushe.
Kawai da ƙoƙari na uku, mai tallafawa kuma mashahuri Viktor Holland an kiyasta aikin Blair kuma ya karɓi rubutun a cikin bugawa. A cikin 1933, an buga labarin, da farko aiki sannan wani ba a san shi ba a ba a sani ba. Don mamakin marubucin, an ambaci masu sukar ga aikinsa, amma masu karatu ba su cikin hanzari don samun iyakataccen littafin.
Mai binciken halittar Orwell V.Nedoshivin ya lura cewa orywell, takaici tare da tsarin zamantakewa, ya zama tawaye ga batun jadawalin Tolstoy. Kuma a cikin 1933 marubucin da kansa ya ce ya ji baƙo a cikin duniyar yau.
Komawa ga Ingila daga Spain bayan da suka ji rauni, ko Orwell ya shiga cikin jerin gwanon ma'aikata masu zaman kanta, wanda ya goyi bayan ci gaban gurguzanci. A lokaci guda, wani shakku na sukar Stalinist na Stalinist na Stalinist na Stalinist na Stalmin ya bayyana a cikin binciken marubucin. A lokaci guda George ya haifar da aikinsa na biyu - Bayanan 'yan kwanaki a Burma. "
A karo na farko, an buga aikin a yankin Amurka. Wannan littafin kuma yana nuna wani lokaci na rayuwar marubucin, musamman, sabis a rukunin yan sanda. Marubucin ya ci gaba da wannan batun a cikin labarun "kisan da aka rataye" da "yayin da na harbe giwaye".
Shiga cikin tashin hankali a kan yankin Spain a cikin sahun Jam'iyyar Obtell Party na Ortell Party na "ƙwaƙwalwar Catalonia". A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II, marubucin ya yi a gefen USSR, duk da kin tsarin mulkin shugaba na Sovie I.V. Stalin. Af, sukar manufar USSR a cikin ayyukan rubutu da kuma matsalolin da kansa ba ya taba ziyartar Soviet Union, da kuma wadanda suka zargi shi a bangancin siyasa da kwaminisan.
A karshen tashin da 'yanci na Turai daga masu fastoci, ko kuma ya rubuta satirin siyasa "ƙasa danda". George kerewararren masu binciken George suna la'akari da tushen labarin. A daya hannun, shan la'akari marubucin ganewarsu, da wallafe-wallafen masu sukar jayayya da cewa livetle tsakar gida ya ƙaryata abubuwan da suka faru na 1917 juyin juya halin a Rasha da kuma abubuwan da suka bi shi. Labarin yana da haske kuma wanda aka bayyana yadda akidar yanke hukunci na mai mulkin Elite ya canza yayin juyin juya halin Musulunci.
A gefe guda, bayan nasarar USSR a cikin yakin duniya na II, ra'ayoyin siyasa na orwell suna da yawan canje-canje, kuma labarin na iya nuna abubuwan da suka faru a Burtaniya. Duk da rashin daidaito na masu sukar da masu bincike, an buga labarin a cikin Tarayyar Soviet kawai a lokutan resuruturing.
Yanayin ya dogara ne da halin da ake ciki na farfajiyar shanu, lamarin ya zama shaida ga wanda marubuci ya kasance marubuci. A ƙauyen Turanci, George ya ga yaron tare da sanda ya sa dokinsa. Daga nan sai ya fara ziyartar ra'ayin cewa idan dabbobin suna da hankali, za su dade don kawar da zaluncin mai rauni sosai.
Shekaru biyar bayan haka, George orwell ya rubuta wani sabon labari wanda ya kawo shi Allah duniya. Wannan littafi ne wanda aka rubuta a cikin salon anti-Nightopia. Wannan nau'in ya shiga cikin salon da farko, bayan ya isa Roman na Aldos Huxley "akan sabon duniya". Duk da haka, idan Huxley ta gudanar da gaba kan gaba, na bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na karni na 26 kuma suna mai da hankali ga bangarorin al'umma da kuma amfani da amfani da marubucin har yanzu yana sha'awar marubucin har yanzu yana sha'awar marubucin farkon farkon hanyar kirkirar.
Yawancin masu satar adanawa suna zartar da orwell a cikin yanayin ra'ayoyin da aka nuna a cikin littafin Soviet Zamyyatina ", kuma a cikin Sketch na George da gaske akwai bayani game da niyyar Seviet Zamychina . Tuni bayan mutuwar orwell bisa ga labari, an cire finafinan biyu da aka cire fina-finai.
Daga ne daga gashin tsuntsu na orwell ne wanda ya zama sanannen magana "Big Brotheran'uwana yana kallon ku". A cikin littafin labari "1984" A karkashin "Big Brother" Mawallafin ya nuna jagoran tsarin mulkin alkama na gaba. An ɗaure makircin anti-Nightopia a kusa da Ma'aikatar Pravda, wacce tare da taimakon mintuna biyu na ƙiyayya, da kuma gabatarwar Novoyaiis, Shirin Novoyaiis, Shirin Novoyaiis, Shirin Novoyaiis, Shirin Novoyaiis, Shirin Novoyaiis, Shirin Novoyaiis A kan bango na tarko, soyayyar mai rauni tana tasowa tsakanin babban gwarzo na Winston da yarinyar Julia, wacce, wacce ba ta da ta kayar da tsarin mulki.
Me yasa marubucin ya kira Roman "1984", ba a sani ba. Partangare na masu sukar ya nace cewa marubucin ya yi imani da cewa ta 1984 Al'umma za ta sami wani tsari da aka bayyana a cikin littafin zamantake ba zai faru ba. Koyaya, an yarda da shi gabaɗaya shine sigar da sunan littafin labari yana nuna shekara ta rubuta shi - 1948, amma tare da adadi na karshe-nahror-da aka nuna.
La'akari da cewa jama'a da aka bayyana a cikin labari ba wai alamomin da ke nuna komai ba a tsarin Ussr, an hana marubucin kungiyar Tarayyar, kuma an zargi marubucin da kansa labarin baato. Kuma ta 1984, lokacin da aka sake dawo da aikin zuwa USSR, aikin ko wanda aka bita da kuma gabatar da ga masu karatu a matsayin gwagwarmaya tare da akida.
Rayuwar sirri
Duk da cikakkiyar rashin kwanciyar hankali a rayuwa, ko kuma ya sami nasarar samun farin cikin sa kuma ya shirya rayuwar mutum. A shekara ta 1936, marubucin ya yi aure O'shognessI. Babu 'ya'yanta daga mata, amma sun karɓi yaron suna Richard Horatio.
Watanni shida, sabbinsu sun yanke shawarar shiga cikin rikici tsakanin Jamhuriyar Harkokin Wajen na biyu da kuma adawa ta mulkin soja F. F. Franco, wanda ya ba da goyon baya ga Gwamnatin Fustist Italiya. Bayan watanni shida, marubucin ya sami rauni mai rauni, sakamakon shi ne asibiti. A gaban, orwell baya dawowa.
Matar George ta mutu ba zato ba tsammani a 1945. Rashin ɗaukar mutum ɗaya mai nuna bambanci marubuci, ƙari, shi da kansa yana da matsalar kiwon lafiya. Sakamakonsa da rashin alheri, ya yi ritaya a kan karamin tsibiri da kuma maida hankali kan halittar wani labari, wanda shirinsa ya yi shekaru da yawa.
Tun da marubucin ba shi da izini, ya ba da shawarar "abokin" mata huɗu mata. Na yarda da Sonya Braunwell. Sun yi aure a cikin faduwar 1949, amma suna zaune tare tare har tsawon watanni uku kawai saboda farkon mutuwar orwell.
Mutuwar George Orwell
Tunaninsa da aka gyara zuwa ga wani sabon labari-anti-Nightopia "1984", George ya kira wani tsaftataccen lalacewar lafiya. A lokacin bazara na 1948, marubucin ya tafi tsibirin nesa a Scotland, inda ya shirya ya gama aiki akan aikin.
Kowace rana, orwell ya cika aiki saboda cigaban cutar tarin fuka. Komawa zuwa London, George Orwell ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Janairu, 1950.
Littafi daya
- 1933 - "Found na Likha a Paris da London"
- 1934 - "Kwanaki a Burma"
- 1935 - '' yar firist "
- 1936 - "Long Live Ficus!"
- 1937 - "Hanyar zuwa Wigan ta Berth"
- 1939 - "jefa iska"
- 1945 - "Star Dit"
- 1949 - "1984