Tari
Giusepper Verdi (Cikakken suna - Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Versi) - babban Italiyanci mai m. Aikinsa na kibanta sune "Dukiyar" na wasan kwaikwayon World na Duniya. Kiyayar Verdi - Culmination na ci gaban Opera na Italiya na ƙarni na 19. Godiya gare shi, wasan wasan ya zama wanda yake yanzu.Yaro da matasa
An haifi Giuse Verdi a kananan Italiya ƙauyen Le Roncole, kusa da birnin busseto. A wannan lokacin, wannan yankin ne mallakar daular Faransa ta farko. Don haka, a cikin takardu na hukuma shine ƙasar haihuwar Faransa. An haife shi ne a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 1813 a cikin dangin biyu. Mahaifinsa Carlo Giuseppe yana dauke da gidan abinci. Kuma mahaifiyar Luithi Uttini ta yi aiki da PRA.
Soyayya don kiɗa da yaron ya nuna a cikin ƙuruciya, saboda haka sai iyayen sun ba shi wani kashin baya - Key Strinan Kayan aiki, mai kama da abubuwan hannu. Kuma ba da daɗewa ba ya fara nazarin wasiƙar kiɗa da koyi wasan a kan sashin jikin a cocin kauyen. Malami na farko shi ne firist Pietro Baystokki.
Yana da shekara 11, Little Giusepp ya fara cika ayyukan kwayoyin halitta. Sau ɗaya a cikin sabis ɗin, mai amfani da attajiri birni Antonio Bada, ya ba da shawarar taimaka wa yaron ya sami kyakkyawan ilimin kiɗa. Da farko, VerDA ta koma gidan Badauki, wani mutum ya biya masa mafi kyawun malami, kuma daga baya ya biya da kuma koyan Juseppe a Milan.
A wannan lokacin, Verdi ta zama sha'awar adabi. Zaɓuɓɓuka yana ba da litattafan gargajiya na Dante, Shakespeare, Schiller, Goethe.
Kiɗa
Sa'ad da yake zuwa Milan, yana ƙoƙarin shiga Conservatory, amma nan da nan ya karɓi ƙi. Ba a ɗauka ba saboda isasshen matakin wasan akan Piano. Haka ne, da haihuwa, a wancan lokacin ya riga ya kasance ɗan shekara 18, ya wuce don liyafar. Abin lura ne cewa yanzu ana kiran Conservatory mai suna Giuseppe Verdi.
Amma saurayin ba ya yanke ƙauna, ya yi hayar malami mai zaman kansa kuma ya karɓi tushe na kulawa. Ya ziyarci wasan kwaikwayon Opera, kide kide kifaye daban-daban, suna sadarwa da bam na cikin gida. Kuma a wannan lokacin, ya fara tunanin zama mai motsawa don wasan kwaikwayo.
Bayan dawo da VERDI don busawa Antonio Bada'izar jawabai na farko na wani saurayi, wanda ya samar da enyor ta gaskiya. Bayan haka, Bada Bada ya ba Giusepper don zama malami don 'yarsa Margarita. Ba da daɗewa ba akwai tausayi tsakanin matasa, kuma suna da labari.
A farkon, aikin Verdi ya rubuta kananan ayyuka: Mares, Romances. Bayanin farko shine opera, ƙidaya Di San San San San San San San San San San San San SanFacio, wanda aka gabatar ga mai ra'ayin Milane a wasan wasan kwaikwayo na La Scala. Bayan nasarar da aka yiwa Giya ta girgiza tare da Giuseppere, an sanya hannu kan kwantiragin don rubuta karin operas biyu. A cikin hukunce-hukuncen da suka yarda, ya halicci "sarkin kowace awa" da kuma "Nabucco".
Mai siyar da "Sarki na awa daya da mai kallo ya karbe shi da rashin lafiya, kuma daga Nabucco, Inganta gidan wasan kwaikwayon da farko ya ki amincewa da komai. Farashinta har yanzu ya faru, kodayake shekaru biyu bayan haka. Kuma wannan wasan kwaikwayon yana da nasara ga nasara.
Ga VERDI, wanda bayan ga gaza "sarkin" da asarar matarsa da yaransa za su bar filin kiɗa, Nabucco ya zama sip na sabo. Ransa mai nasara ya dogara da shi. "Nabucco" na shekarar da aka sa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo sau 65, har yanzu bai kai ga al'amuran duniya ba.
Ana iya nuna wannan lokacin a cikin Verisa azaman tashin hankali. Bayan Opera Nabcco, mai rikon ya rubuta wasu karin operas, wanda kuma ya hadu da mai kallo - "Lombards lafiya -" ernani ". Daga baya, sanarwar "Lombard" a Paris, duk da haka, domin wannan verdi ya yi canje-canje ga zaɓi na asali. Da farko dai, ya maye gurbin jarumun Italiya a Faransanci, kuma a karo na biyu - sunada Opera a "Kudus".
Amma ɗayan shahararrun ayyukan ayyukan VERDA ya zama wasan kwaikwayon rigokto. An rubuta ta dangane da wasan hugo "Sarki mai gamsarwa." Mai mawaki da kansa ya yi la'akari da wannan aikin da mafi kyawun halittarsa. Viewer mai kallo ya saba da riƙewa a waƙar "Zuciyar kyakkyawa tana iya yiwuwa a barazanar." Opera saita dubban lokuta a cikin masu wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban na duniya. Aria na babban gwarzo, da Yesufular Rogletto, ya yi Demmry Hventostovsky, Massan Massu, Masanin Magomayev.
Bayan shekaru biyu, Verdi ya rubuta "Trviati" kan aikin "Uwargida tare da Challia" Alexander Duma Jr.
A cikin 1871, Giuseppe Verdi yana karɓar tsari daga shugaban Masar. An nemi shi ya rubuta wasika don gidan Opera na Alkahira. Firayim Ministan wasan Opera "Aida" ya faru a ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1871 kuma an shirya shi zuwa bude Canal na Suez. Shahararren Aria Opera - "Smiumal Marsh".
Mai mawaki ya rubuta 26 operas da bukatar. A waɗancan shekarun, masu wasan kwaikwayon masu wasan Opera sun halarci dukkan yadudduka na al'umma, da talakawa. Saboda haka, Italiyanci Giuseppe suna yin la'akari da mawuyacin "mutane" masu tsoka. Ya kirkiro irin wannan waƙar da mutane masu sauƙi suka ji nasa abubuwan da suke samu da kuma bege. A cikin ayyukan VERDI, mutane sun ji kira don yaki da zalunci.
Abin lura ne cewa tare da babban "kishiya" Richard Wagner Giuseppe verdi an haife shi a shekara guda. Kiyayar da rubuce-rubuce ba a rikita rikice ba, amma daidai ne ga masu gyara kayan wasan kwaikwayo na Opera. Tabbas, an ji magudi game da juna, amma ban taɓa haɗuwa ba. Koyaya, a cikin ayyukan su, sun kasance suna ƙoƙarin rabuwa da juna.
Game da rayuwa da aikin Giusepper An rubuta litattafai har ma da fim ɗin. Shahararren mai siyarwa shine mini-jerin Renato Castellini "Life Giuseppe Verdi", wanda ya je allo a cikin 1982.
Rayuwar sirri
A cikin 1836, Giuseppe Verdi ya auri 'yarsa' yarsa Margarita bata. Ba da da zaran yarinyar ta haifi 'yar budurwa Mariya Luise, amma a cikin rabin shekara guda yarinya ya mutu. A wannan shekarar, watan da ya gabata, Margarita ya haifi son acilio Romano, wanda kuma ya mutu cikin jaraba. Bayan shekara guda, Margarita daga tsirara daga Encephalitis ta mutu.
A 26, Verdi ta kasance ita kadai: aka bar shi da yara da mata. Ya cire masauki kusa da cocin Santa Sabina, yana da wuya a tsira da wannan rashi. A wani lokaci, ya ma yanke shawarar dakatar da rubuta kiɗa.
A cikin shekaru 35, Giuseppertie Verdie ya ƙaunace shi cikin ƙauna. Ya ƙaunataccensa shi ne mawaƙa na ItaliyaPin Streppin. Shekaru 10, sun rayu a cikin abin da ake kira "auren farar hula, wanda ya haifar da cikakkiyar ma'ana a cikin al'umma. Ma'auratan sun yi aure a cikin 1859 a Geneva. Kuma daga mugayen yaruka, matan da suka fi son ɓoye daga birni - a Villa Sant Agata. Af ta hanyar, Versi Verdi da Verdi da kansa, bai son yin shakatawa ga taimakon masu gine-gine.
Gidan ya kasance rattuma. Amma gonar kewaye da Villa ta yi marmari lafiya: ko'ina furanni da bishiyoyi masu laushi. Gaskiyar ita ce lokacin wasan VERDI na VERDI don sadaukar da aikin lambu. Af, a cikin wannan lambun, mambobi binne ƙaunataccen karen, barin kan kabarin kabarinta: "MonUment ga abokina."
Juseppin ya zama mawuyacin gidan kayan tarihi da tallafi a rayuwa. A shekara ta 1845, mawaƙa ta rushe muryar, kuma ya yanke shawarar kammala aikin Opera. Biye da Strepptionti, ya yanke shawarar yin da veridi, a wancan lokacin mawuyacin ya riga ya wadatar da shahara. Amma matar aure ta rinjayi mijinta su ci gaba da sana'arsa, kuma bayan "Kulawarsa" an kirkiro da aikin wasan kwaikwayon Opera - Riverletto. Juseppin har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1897 da aka tallafa da wahayi zuwa VERDI.
Mutuwa
Janairu 21, 1901, Giusepper Verdi ya kasance a Milan. A otal dinsa, yana da bugun jini, mawuyaki shacezed, amma "Pecosy ya ci gaba da karanta Opera, amma ya ce" Pechacia "Pucchini, amma ra'ayinsa game da wadannan ayyukan din ya kasance ba a sane ba. Kowace rana sojojin sun bar babban mawaki, kuma a ranar 27 ga Janairu, 1901 bai yi ba.
Aka binne babban mawaki a kan makabarta na Marai a Milan. Amma wata daya daga baya, an sanya gawarsa a kan yankin hutu na hutu ga masu fensho-music, wanda lokaci guda ya haifar da mawuyacin hali da kansa.
Aiki
- 1839 - "Woher, Count Di San Bonifacio"
- 1940 - "Kiya da sa'a"
- 1845 - "Zhanna D'Ark"
- 1846 - "Attila"
- 1847 - Macbeth
- 1851 - Riverletto
- 1853 - "Trubadur"
- 1853 - "trviati"
- 1859 - "masquoure ball
- 1861 - "overarfin rabo"
- 1867 - "Don Carlos"
- 1870 - AIDA "
- 1874 - Neman
- 1886 - "ohello"
- 1893 - Falstaff