Tari
Cardinal Richelieu ko jan Cardinal da yawa sun sani ta littafin Alexander Duma "musketeers". Amma waɗanda ba su karanta wannan aikin ba, wataƙila suna kallon allo. Kowa ya tuna da halin wahayi da kai mai kaifi. Halin Richelieu shine daga cikin magaji, waɗanda hukunce-hukuncensa har yanzu haifar da tattaunawa a cikin al'umma. Ya bar wannan muhimmiyar alamar a cikin tarihin Faransa da adonsa ya sanya a jere guda tare da Bonaparteon Bonopart.Yaro da matasa
Cikakken sunan Cardinal Arman Jean Du Du DuBe Richelieu. An haife shi a ranar 9 ga Satumba, 1585 a Paris. Mahaifinsa Francoisu Du Pleb De Richelieu shi ne mafi girman wani jami'in shari'a a Faransa, ya yi aiki a Henrich III, amma yana da damar yin hidima na Henry IV. Mahaifin Susanna de LA tashar jiragen ruwa ta gudana daga lauya. Iyayen suna da yaro na huɗu. Yaron yana da 'yan'uwa biyu masu girma - Alfons da Hinrich, da' yan'uwa mata biyu - Nicole da Francoise.
Tun daga yara, raunin da rauni ya bambanta da yaron rauni, don haka ya gwammace ya taka littattafai tare da takara. A shekaru 10 ya shiga kwalejin Navarre a Paris. Ya kasance mai sauƙin yin karatu, a ƙarshen kwaleji da ya yi daidai da Latin, ya yi magana a cikin Italiyanci da Spanish. A lokaci guda ya zama da sha'awar a tarihin tsohon tarihi.
Lokacin da Arman ya shekara 5, mahaifinsa ya mutu daga zazzabi. Yana da shekara 42 da haihuwa. Francois ya bar dangin bashin. Komawa a cikin 1516, Heinrich III ya gabatar da Ubansa Arman matsayin matsayin Katolika na Katolika, da kuma bayan mutuwarsa shi ne kawai tushen kuɗi don iyali. Amma a ƙarƙashin yanayin, wani dole ne ya shiga cikin sanasara na ruhaniya daga dangi.
Da farko, aka yi wannan kuma a qaruruwan 'uku Arman zai bi zambaye na Uba, ya yi aiki a kotu. Amma a cikin 1606 Brotheran'uwa na tsakiya ta ƙi bishopia kuma ya tafi gidan sufi. Saboda haka, da kashi 21, Arman Jana Du Plesi de Richelieu ya dauki wannan rabo. Amma a cikin irin wannan saurayi, na duniya san ba sadaukarwa bane.
Kuma ya zama abin mamakin farko. Ya tafi Rome ga mahaifin don ƙuduri. Da farko ya yi wa shekarunta, ya karɓi, ya karɓi sanadi, Ba da daɗewa ba Richelieu ya kare dunkulewarsa Doccoral a tiyoloji a Paris. Arman Jean Du PleB de Richelieu ya zama mai wa'azin kotu. Heinrich IV ya kira shi musamman "Bishop na". Tabbas, irin wannan kusancin bai ba da sauran mutane a farfajiyar ba.
Saboda haka, ba da daɗewa ba aikin kotun na kotu Richeleu ya ƙare, kuma ya koma ga Diocelse. Amma da rashin alheri, bayan yaƙin addini, lesonskaya diocese ya kasance cikin wani mummunan yanayi - talauci kuma ya lalata a gundumar. Arman ya sami damar gyara lamarin. A ƙarƙashin farkon, an dawo da cocin, mazaunin bishop. A nan Cardinal kuma ya fara nuna abubuwan da ya samu.
Siyasa
A zahiri, Cardinal Richelieu ya bambanta da "mugunta" prototype. Ya kasance dan siyasa ne da gaske da fasaha. Ya yi da yawa saboda girman Faransa. Da zarar Bitrus ya ziyarta shi, ya ce zai ba da wannan minista, idan ya taimaka wajen gudanar da rabi na biyu. Amma Duma ya yi daidai lokacin da na nuna Richelieu a cikin Novelieu a cikin sabon labari ta hanyar fan na ɗan leƙen asiri intrasie. Cardinal ta zama wanda ya kafa shi na cibiyar sadarwar ta farko a Turai.
Richelieu ya hadu da Maria Medichi da kuma fi so na Konchino Konchini. Shi da sauri ya yi nasara da amincewa kuma da sauri a ofishin Sarauniya. Mataimakin jihohin Janar ya nada shi. Yana bayyana kanta wani mai samar da kwayar cutar da ke sha'awar malamai da za ta iya biya rikice-rikice tsakanin umarni uku. Saboda irin wannan dangantaka ta amintacce, Richelieu yana haifar da mai yawa abokan gaba a kotu.
Bayan shekaru biyu, Louis Xii, wanda ya kai shekara 16 a lokacin, ya fi dacewa da maƙarƙashiyar mahaifiyar. Abin lura ne cewa Richelieu ya san game da kisan da aka shirya, amma bai yi gargadin shi ba. A sakamakon haka, Louis zaune a kan kursiyin zuwa hanyar zuwa cibiyar Blois, da Richelieu - a cikin Leson.
Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Maria Medichi sun tserewa daga korarsa da kuma gina tsare-tsaren murkushe kansa dan daga Al'arshi. Wannan ya gane Richelieu kuma ya zama tsaka-tsaki tsakanin Medici da Louis Xiii. Bayan shekara guda, aka sanya hannu a tsakanin mahaifiyarta da ɗanta. Tabbas, aka rubuta takardar a cikin takaddun kuma dawowar Cardinal a farfajiyar sarauta.
A wannan karon rijhherelieu ya bare kan sarki, ba da daɗewa ba ne Ministan farko na Faransa. A cikin wannan babban matsayi, ya yi aiki shekara 18.
Dayawa sun yi imanin cewa babban burin mulkinsa ya wadatarwa da kuma sha'awar wuta mai iyaka ga iko. Amma ba haka bane. Cardinal ya so ya yi karfi da kuma masu zaman kansu, sun nemi karfafa ikon sarauta. Kuma ko da yake Richelieu ya ɗauki sanannen san, wanda ya shiga Faransa a wannan lokacin. Don ƙarfafa matsayin soja na ƙasar, Cardinal ya kunna ginin rundunar jiragen ruwa. Hakanan ya taimaka wa ci gaban sabuwar dangantakar kasuwanci.
Richelieu ya riƙe sauye sauye sauye sauye-sauye don ƙasar. Firayim Minista na Faransa ya haramtawa duel, sake tsara tsarin gidan waya, ya kafa posts ɗin da sarki ya nada.
Wata babban taron a cikin ayyukan siyasa na jan Cardinal shine kawar da batun tashin Huguenov. Kasancewar irin wannan kungiyar mai zaman kanta ita ce Richelieu ba a hannu ba.
Kuma lokacin da a cikin 1627, rundunar rundunar Ingila ta kama wani bangare na Faransa Coast, Cardinal da kansu ya karbi shugaban yaƙin neman soji da Furotesta na La Rochelu ya dauki sansanin Furotesta. Mutum dubu 15 ne suka mutu sakamakon yunwar, kuma a cikin 1629 ƙarshen yaƙin addinin da aka sa.
Cardinal Richelieu ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban fasaha, al'ada da adabi. A lokacin mulkinsa, sake haihuwa na Sorbonne yana faruwa.
Richelieu ya yi kokarin nisantar da kai tsaye na Faransa a yakin da shekara talatin, amma a shekarar 1635 kasar ta shiga rikici. Wannan yakin ya canza wurin sojojin a Turai. Faransa ta fita ta yi nasara. Kasar ta nuna fifikon siyasa, tattalin arziki da sojoji, kuma sunada iyakokin.
Addinai na dukkan addinai sun sami halaye daidai a cikin daular, da kuma tasirin abubuwan da ke cikin addini a kan rayuwar da suka raunana. Kuma ko da yake jan Cardinal bai rayu ba kafin ƙarshen yakin, nasara a wannan Faransa dole ne ya fara.
Rayuwar sirri
Matar Sarki Louis Xiii shi ne Mutanen Espanya Mamana Austria. Tattaunawa da aka nada a matsayin Cardinal Richelieu. Yarinyar tana da mayafin masana'anta tare da idanu masu shuɗi. Kuma Cardinal ya faɗi cikin ƙauna. Saboda iskar ANNA, ya shirya a kan abubuwa da yawa. Abu na farko da ya yi, haka kuwa ya ciye ta da sarki. Dangantaka ta Anna da Louis sun yi rauni cewa ba da daɗewa ba sarki ya daina ziyartar ɗakin kwanciya. Amma ikirarin ya samu a can, sun kwashe lokaci mai yawa a cikin tattaunawa, amma, kamar yadda ya juya, anna bai lura da ji na Cardinin ba.
Richelieu ya fahimci cewa Faransa tana bukatar gado, don haka na yanke shawarar "taimakawa" Anna magana a cikin wannan batun. Wannan ya jefa ta ta fushin, ta fahimci cewa a wannan yanayin Louis tabbas "wani abu zai faru" kuma sarki zai zama Cardinal. Bayan haka, dangantakarsu ta hanyar lalacewa sosai. Richelieu ya yi fushi da ƙi, da Anna - shawara. Shekaru da yawa, Richelieu bai ba da hutawa ga Sarauniya ba, yana saitawa da leken asiri a baya. Amma a ƙarshe, Cardinal ya sami nasarar ɗaukar Anna da Louis, watau ta haifi mulkin magada biyu.
Anna Austrian - shi ne mafi tsananin ji na Cardinal. Amma wataƙila kamar yadda Anna, Richelieu tana ƙaunar kuliyoyi. Kuma kawai waɗannan halittu masu sihiri ne kawai suka ɗaure da shi. Wataƙila shahararren ɗansa ya kasance baƙar fata cat Lucifer, ya bayyana a Cardinal yayin gwagwarmayar da mayya. Amma ƙaunataccen ya kasance Mariam - mai laushi dusar ƙanƙara-fari cat. Af, farkonsa a Turai yana da cat a cikin Ankora irin, aka kawo shi daga Ankara, ya kira ta Mimi-Poinon. Kuma wani abin da ya fi so yana da sunan Summis, cewa a fassarar da ake nufi "musamman halaye masu sauƙi."
Mutuwa
A lokacin kaka na 1642, lafiyar Richelie detriorated sosai. Babu ruwan warkarwa, ko yabo na jini ya taimaka. Mutumin da ya lalace a kai a kai ya lalace. Likitocin da aka gano - Purulent Passuln. Ya yi ƙoƙari ya fi kyau a ci gaba da aiki, amma ƙarfinsa ya rage. A ranar 2 ga Disamba, Louis Xiii da kansa ya ziyarci Rickel Rickeel. A cikin zance tare da Sarkin Cardinal ya ayyana magajin gari - sun zama Cardinal Mazarini. Hakanan, manzannin Anna Ausna Ausna Austan da Gaston Orlans an ziyarta.
Bai rabu da shi ba a cikin kwanaki na arshe da yaran Duchess d5 d de Egiyon. Ya yarda cewa tana ƙaunarta mafi yawa a cikin duniya, amma ba sa son mutu a kan hannunta. Saboda haka ya nemi yarinyar ta bar dakin. Mahaifiyar Leon ya je wurinta, wanda ya bayyana mutuwar Cardinal. Richeliete ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 1642 a cikin Paris, ya binne shi a cocin a kan yankin kan yankin Sorbonne.
A ranar 5 ga Disamba, 1793, mutanen da suka ci kabarin kabarin Richelieu a cikin wani al'amari na mintina, ya karye a cikin kabarin a cikin kabarin a cikin minti na na mintina. Yaran a kan titi sun taka leda na Mummifififified na Cardinal, wani ya yage yatsansa da fsoNet, kuma wani ya jawo wani abin rufe fuska. Sakamakon haka, waɗannan abubuwa iri uku ne waɗanda suka zauna daga maimaitawa. Ta hanyar tsari na Napoleon III, 15 ga Disamba, 1866, an mai daɗaɗɗiyar maimaitawa.
Tunani
- 1844 - Roman "ukun musketeeers", Alexander Duma
- 1866 - Roman "Red Sphinx", Alexandra Duma
- 1881 - Zane-zanen "Cardinal Richelieu a kan kewaye da LA Rochelle", Henri Motte
- 1885 - Zane-zanen "hutawa na Cardinal", Charles Edward Delor
- 1637 - "Hoton Triple na Cardinla Richelieu", Philip de shampenpenla
- 1640 - Zane-zanen "Cardinal Richelieu", Philip de shampagne
- 1939 - Mazaunin Flight "Man cikin Mace Mask", James Waile
- 1979 - Masallan Soviet "D'Artagnan da musketeers", Geory Jungvald-Khilkevich
- 2009 - Kasada Action "musketeers", Paul Anderson
- 2014 - Drama tarihi "Richelieu. Mantle da jini, Henri Elf