Tari
A kanan mawuyacin biyu waɗanda baiwa mawaƙan mayaƙan ƙarni na ƙarni na baya, akasin wannan yanayin bai yi tsayayya ba. Duk da kamannin guda guda 4, da aka saci sansanonin Stalin, da Stalin, Lev Gumilev ya bar alamar haske a al'adun kasar Rasha. Falsafar, tarihi, Geografer da ilimin kimiya da masanin kimiyya wanda ya gabatar da shahararren ka'idar soya, boye zuriyar al'adun kimiyya. Kuma ya kunshi waƙoƙi da waƙoƙi, da sanin yaruka shida, an fassara wasu daruruwan ayyukan wasu ayyukan.Yaro da matasa
An haifi ɗa na Anna Ana Akhmatova da Nikolai Gumilatov a cikin faduwar 1912 a tsibirin VasilyEvsky, a cikin nazarnday tsari na parfate Alexandra Fedorovna. Iyayen jarirai sun kawo wa sarki na sarki, nan da nan suka yi baftisma a cikin Ekaterininsy Cathedral.
Daga farkon zamanin rayuwa, ɗan mawana biyu yana kan kula da kakar ta, mahaifiyar Nikolai Gumileev. Yaron bai canza hanyar da za a saba da iyayen iyaye ba, suna da sauƙin ilimi da kuma duk abin da damuwa game da saurayin uwan Ivanovna Gumbilova. Daga baya, Lev Nikolayevich zai rubuta cewa mahaifiyar da uba kusan ba su gani ba a cikin ƙuruciyarsa, tsohuwar an maye gurbinsu.
Har zuwa shekara 5, yaron ya girma a makanta, Estate Estate, wanda yake a cikin Bezhensky gundumar Lardin. Amma a cikin Juyin juya halin 1917 Gumilev, tsoron da ke da kyau zuba a cikin. Yin ɗakin karatu da ɓangare na kayan daki, mace mai jikan ya koma Bezhetsk.
A cikin 1918, iyaye suka sake. A lokacin bazara a wannan shekarar, Anna Ivanovna ya koma ga ɗansa ya zama ya zama ya zama ya zama. Shekarar da yaron ya ba da sanarwar da mahaifinsa, tare da Nikolai Stepanovich akan kayan rubutu, ya zauna a mahaifiyar. Ba da daɗewa ba iyayen ba da daɗewa ba sun kafa sabbin iyalai: Gumilev ya auri Anna Engelhardt, a cikin 1919 suna da 'yar Elena. Akhmatova ya rayu da masanin kimiyyar Vladimir Shilero.
A lokacin bazara na 1919, kakarta da sabuwar suruki da yara suka tafi Bezhetsk. NIKOLAI GUMALEV a wasu lokutan suna gudanar da iyali. A cikin 1921, Leo ya koya game da mutuwar mahaifinsa.
A Bezhetsk, matasa na LEV Gummyov ya faru. Har zuwa 17 shekaru ya canza makarantu 3. Dangantaka da takwarorinsu ba su bunkasa dangantakar ba. A cewar tunatar da abokan karatunmu, Lea an kiyaye mutum. Pioneeria da Komsomol sun tafi kusa da shi kamar yadda ba abin mamaki ba: A makarantu na farko "Santa Prasso Baƙon abu" ya bar ba tare da littattafan ba.
Grandma ta fassara jikan a makaranta ta biyu, layin dogo, inda Anna Sverchkova ya koyar, budurwa da wani mala'ika mai kirki na iyali. Lev Gumilev yi abokai tare da malamai malami Alexander Pegrin, wanda aka sake rubuta shi kafin mutuwarsa.
A makaranta ta uku, wanda aka kira wa Soviet Soviet, an bayyana wasu hanyoyin rubutu na marubucin Gumilyov. Saurayi ya rubuta labarai da labarai a cikin jaridar makarantar, da ya sami kuɗi ga ɗayansu. LEV ya zama baƙo na yau da kullun ga ɗakin karatu na birni, inda ya yi magana da rahotannin rubutu. A cikin waɗannan shekarun, ilimin halitta na Petersburger ya fara, ayoyi na farko sun bayyana, wanda saurayin ya sāanar da Uba.
An ziyarci Mama a Bezhetsk ga ɗansa sau biyu: A cikin 1921, don Kirsimeti, kuma bayan lokacin bazara, a lokacin bazara, a lokacin bazara, a lokacin bazara, a lokacin bazara, a lokacin bazara, a lokacin bazara. Kowane wata da ta aiko da ruble 25, ya taimaka wajen tsira da dangi, amma a nan ne gwaje-gwajen Sonan mawallafin.
Bayan kammala karatu daga makaranta a 1930, LEV ya je Lingrad, ga mahaifiyar, a wancan lokacin ya zauna tare da Nikolai. A cikin birnin Neva, saurayin ya sake kammala karatun daga aji na digiri kuma a shirye domin yaduwar Herzenov. Amma bayanin Gumileva bai yarda ba saboda asalinsa mai daraja.
Nicholas Punin ya hadu da Hummilova ga masana'anta. Daga can, zaki sauya zuwa tram matam kuma rijista da musayar aiki, daga inda aka aiko da shi zuwa darussan, inda ya shirya wuraren balaguro. A cikin shekarun masana'antu, an shirya balaguron balaguro a cikin babban adadin, saboda karancin ma'aikatan, ba su yi kama da asalinsu ba. Saboda haka LEV Gumilev a 1931 ya fara tafiya zuwa Bajaker.
Gangarawa
Dangane da kimatun nazarin nazarin nazarin bio, Lev Gumilev ya ziyarci yankan lokaci 21. A kan tafiyeps, ya sami kuɗi da kuma jin mai zaman kansa, ba wanda ya dogara da mahaifiya da Punsin, ba tare da kyakkyawar dangantaka ba.
A shekara ta 1932, Leo ya tafi tafkin wata 11 zuwa Tajikistan. Bayan rikici tare da kai shugaban wasan (GUMIVAVEV an zargi da keta horo - ya yi kokarin cin zarafin amphibians) a cikin Farm na jihar: ta hanyar matsayin 1930s, an biya su da ciyar da su. Sadarwa tare da Dehkans, LEV Gumilev koya tajik Harshen Hars.
Bayan ya dawo gida a cikin 1933, ya dauki batun fassara waƙoƙin marubutan na marubutan ƙungiyar, wanda ya kawo masa albashi mai sauki. A watan Disamba na wannan shekara, marubucin da aka fara kama shi, ya rike kwanaki 9, amma bai yi tambaya ba kuma bai yi caji ba.
A shekara ta 1935, dan Najeriya ya shiga Jami'ar Arewa, CHace da baiwa na tarihi. Ma'aikatan koyarwa na jami'a sun kasance Pertel Matth: Egginan Misira ta ci gaba da yin aiki a Luge, masanin Solomon Luurie, wanda ba da daɗewa ba Dalibin ya kira mashawarta da Malami.
An nufi Gumilev a saman abokan karatun kuma ya sa sha'awar girmamawa ga zurfin ilimi da eRuisi. Amma na da dadewa don barin ɗan ɗan yaran "abokan gaba na mutane" da peretess waɗanda ba sa son raira waƙa da Seviet, hukuma ba ta so. A cikin wannan shekara ta 1935 ne kuma a karo na biyu. Anna akhmatova ya juya ga Yusufu Stalin, yana roƙon ya sanar da mutane mafi tsada (a lokaci guda aka kwashe birnin tare da Gumilev).
An sake su duka biyun sun saki Stalin, amma an kori Leo daga jami'a. Don saurayi, cire ya zama bala'i: tallafin karatu da haɓakar kayan abinci da aka lissafta don rubutattun abubuwa 120 - da aka ba da izinin cire gidaje kuma ba fama da yunwa. A lokacin bazara na 1936, LEV ya tafi tafiya a kan Don, a kan rami na sasantawa na Khazar. A watan Oktoba, babbar farin ciki ta dalibin ya dawo da shi a jami'a.
Farin ciki yana da tsawo: A watan Maris 1938, an kama zaki a karo na uku, ya ba shi shekaru 5 na sansanonin Norilsk. A zangon, masanin tarihi ya ci gaba da rubuta labarin, amma ba zai yiwu ba tare da tushen. Amma tare da da'irar sadarwa ta Gumilev ya yi sa'a: Daga cikin fursunoni shine launi na kwakwalwa.
A shekara ta 1944, an nemi shi zuwa gaban. Bayan watanni biyu na karatu, buga ajiyar rigakafin jirgin sama. Demobilized, koma birni a kan Neva kuma ya kammala karatun gabas. A ƙarshen shekarun 1940, amma ba su sami digirin dan takarar ba. A shekara ta 1949, an ba Guwilev shekaru 10 na sansara, ara aro daga shari'ar da ta gabata. Azabar malamin tarihi yana aiki a Kazakhstan da Siberiya.
Saki da kuma gyara ya faru a 1956. Bayan shekaru 6 na aiki a Hermitage, Lev Gummadeva ya ɗauki jihar a cikin koyar da labarin kasa LSU, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 1987. Saboda haka ritaya. A shekarar 1961, masanin kimiyya ya kare distripal dinsa na digrical a tarihi, kuma a cikin 1974 a cikin labarin tessrapher (Digiri na kimiyya ba ya amince da Wak).
A cikin shekarun 1960, Gulelev suna gudanar da su ga kame takarda mai ma'ana ga ka'idar ethnogeges, sa manufar bayyana ckclity da tsarin tarihi. Abokan aiki masu tasowa sun soki ka'idar ta hanyar kiran ta tauhidi na ƙarya.
Mafi yawan masana tarihi na wannan lokacin da babban aikin zaki na gumazy, da ake kira "ethnogenesis da kuma biospher na duniya", ba su shawo kan. Mai binciken ya cika da ra'ayin cewa Rusawa ne zuriyar Tatars ne da suka dauki baftisma, da Rasha - ci gaba da Horde. Don haka, Rasha tana zaune da Franciday-Mongoliya ta Rasha, Eurasian ta asali. Wannan game da wannan sanannen littafin marubuci ne "daga Russia zuwa Russia". Iri ɗaya batun yana tasowa a cikin Monkaukaka "tsohuwar rus da babban steppe."
Masu sukar Lawy Gumilyov, girmama ra'ayoyin ra'ayoyin mai binciken da babban ilimi, sun kira shi "malamin tarihi ne." Amma almajiran sun tsare Leo Nikolayevich kuma suna dauke da masana kimiyya, yana da mabiyan baiwa.
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata na rayuwarsa, maniyyiv da aka buga, da zamanin da aka lura cewa sanannun thean wasan kwaikwayon iyayen litattafan litattafai. Amma wani ɓangare na giyar waƙoƙi an ɓace, kuma Lav Gumilev bai da lokacin buga rubuce-rubucen da aka adana. Yanayin salo na style ya ta'allaka ne a ma'anar, wanda ya ba da kansa wani mawaƙi: "Ofan na ƙarshe na azurfa shekaru."
Rayuwar sirri
Mutumin mai halitta ne kuma cikin ƙauna, Gumileyv ya zo cikin zaman talala na mace mai sihiri akai-akai. A cikin hidimar Lengad, inda ya yi zaune, abokai, almajirai sun zo.
A cikin marigayi kaka na 1936, LEV Gumilev ya gana da Mongolian ta Namerikev. A wani muhimmin bincike na samari, zaki mai shekaru 24, aski tare da mahimman mahimman hassara, ya yi matukar damuwa. Bayan azuzuwan, ma'auratan sun yi tafiya tare da jami'a ta zama, ya yi magana game da turawa, tarihi, ilimin halitta. Roman ya kasance a kama shi a 1938.
Tare da mace ta biyu, Natalia Passanes kan lakabi da tsuntsu, Gumilev ma ya hadu a ɗakin karatu a cikin 1946. Amma kyakkyawa tana ƙaunar abin da ke cikin - mai aure mai tarihi Vladimir Lublinsky.
A shekara ta 1949, lokacin da marubucin kuma masanin kimiyya ya shiga cikin zango, Natalia da Lav suna sake rubutawa. An adana haruffa 60 na marubutan Gumile na Fasaha na Varbanese. A cikin gidan kayan gargajiya na marubucin akwai zangon tsuntsayen da ta aika zuwa zango. Bayan dawo da LEV Gumilev ya karye da Natalia, tsafi ne ga wane Lublin ya kasance.
A tsakiyar shekarun 1950, zaki Nikolayevich ya bayyana sabon youloved - 18 mai shekaru Natalia Kazakevich, wanda ya samu a dakin karatun Hermitage, a akasin tebur. A cikin bayanan rigima, Gumilev ko da kuma saka yarinyar, amma iyayen sun dage kan hutu na dangantaka. Hakanan, C Kaazakevich Lev Nikolayevich ya kula da Gratoran Tatiana Kryukov, wanda ya karanta labaransa da littattafai.
Roman tare da Inna nemilovoy, Dadi sosai daga Hermitage, ya kasance da mafi yawan aure na marubucin a shekarar 1968.
Tare da matarsa Natalia Simonovskaya, Jadawalin zane-zane na Moscow, ƙaramin shekara 8, LEV Gumilev ya gana da babban birnin kasar a lokacin bazara na 1966. Dangantaka ta ci gaba a hankali, babu tsawa na sha'awar. Amma ma'auratan suka rayu shekaru 25, kuma abokansa da marubucin da ake kira dangi: Mace da kuma barin duk azuzuwan da suka gabata, abokai da aiki.
Akwai wani yara daga biyu: suka hadu a lokacin da Leru Gumilev juya 55, da wata mace ne 46. Godiya ga Natalia Gumileva da kuma ta da matsaloli ga ma'aurata a cikin tsakiyar 1970s koma wani da zamantakewa sabis don mai kyau Moscow. Lokacin da gidan, saboda ginin ya bayyana kusa, ta ce, ma'auratan sun koma gida akan Kolomna, inda ya rayu har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa. A yau, an buɗe gidan kayan gargajiya na marubucin anan.
Mutuwa
A shekarun 1990s, zaki Gumilyov ya kamu da bugun jini, amma masanin kimiyya ya ɗauki aiki, karewa da gado. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, an cire shi da gallbladder. Operdomaramin mutum 79 mai shekaru ya sha wahala - buɗewar jini.
Makonni 2 na ƙarshe da aka yi a cikin coma. An katangar ta hanyar na'urorin tallafi na rayuwa a ranar 15 ga Yuni, 1992.
An binne ɗan Akhmatova kusa da Alexander Nevsky Lavra, a Kabarin Nikolsky.
A cikin Satumba 2004, kabarin matarsa ya bayyana kusa da kabarin Leo Gumbileva: Natalia ta tsira daga mijinta tsawon shekaru 12.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- Tare da mahaifiyar Gumilev bai yi magana a cikin shekaru 5 da suka gabata ba. A cikin ideiem, Akhmatova da ake kira LeO "kai dan da tsoro na".
- Gumilev bai yi haƙuri dankali ba kuma yi imani da cewa yana da matukar rikitarwa rayuwar da ta Rasha ba. Natalia Viktorovna ta kasance cikin ciki ta hanyar sake amfani da miya.
- Filin Jirgin karkashin Gumilev ya zo daga ka'idar awa daya kafin tashi - menene idan suka aika?
- Kasashen waje, Lav Gumilev ya ziyarci lokaci daya a shekarar 1966, yana neman tafiya zuwa ga majalisar dokoki na Archaeological a Prague.
- A karshen rayuwa, marubucin yana ƙaunar abubuwan da ake fahimta da almara na kimiyya. Fi son aikin Ray Bradbury, Stanislav Lema, Arkady da Boris sun yi biris da Boris ta yi biris da Christie.
- Gumilev Terepo mallakar sha da shan sigari. Shi da kansa ya tabbatar da cewa "vodka shine manufar tunani". Gumilev ya kyakke har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwar '', yana ba da sabon sigari daga ƙarar. Ya yi imanin cewa shan taba ba mai cutarwa bane.
- Wani fasalin peculiar na halayen Gumilev shine Turkoplia. Tun daga shekarun 1960, ya kara sanya wasika da "Arshan-Beck" (translation mai suna bayan zaki a kan harshen Turkic).
Littafi daya
- 1960 - "Hongna: Tsakiyar Asiya a zamanin da"
- 1962 - "Feat Bakhrama chinina"
- 1966 - "budewar Khazaria"
- 1967 - "tsohuwar turks"
- 1970 - "Neman Mulkin Jiha
- 1970 - "ethnogelenesis da eathnospheress"
- 1973 - "Hungy a China"
- 1975 - "zane mai situryoburyat"
- 1987 - "Millennium kewaye da Caspian"
- 1989 - "ethnogenesis da biosphere na duniya"
- 1989 - "tsohuwar rus da babban steppe"
- 1992 - "Daga Rasha zuwa Russia"
- 1992 - "ƙare da sabon farawa"
- 1993 - "tarihin mutane da tarihin halitta"
- 1993 - "Daga tarihin Eurasia"