Tari
Cyril da Hanyar Samfurin ya zama sanannen duniya don ɗakunan bangaskiyar Kirista da marubutan Slavic ABC. Tarihin tarihin ma'aurata, cyril an sadaukar da shi har ma da maballin rai daban-daban, wanda aka kirkira nan da nan bayan mutuwar wani mutum. Koyaya, a yau yana yiwuwa a san taƙaitaccen tarihin makomar waɗannan masu wa'azin da waɗanda suka kafa haruffa a cikin fa'idodi daban-daban. 'Yan'uwa suna da alamar kansu, inda aka nuna su tare. Ana bi da shi da addu'o'i game da bincike, sa'a ga ɗalibai, ƙara tunani.Yaro da matasa
An haife Cyril da Hanyar City na Girka (Tasaloniki na yanzu) a cikin dangin Soluni (na yanzu Tasalonikawa) a cikin dangin kwamandan Soluni (na yanzu, suna da kyau da yawa da arziki. " 'Yan wasan gaba na gaba sun yi girma a kamfanin' yan'uwa biyar.
A gaban namiji, Mikhail da Konstantin sun yi sa, kuma na farko ya tsufa - haifaffe shi da 815, da kuma Konstantin a cikin 827. Dangane da kabilanci da aka yi wa dangi a cikin da'irar masana tarihi, da jayayya har yanzu ba biyan kuɗi. Wasu suna cikin Slavs, saboda waɗannan mutane suna da cikakkiyar Slavic cikakke. Wasu kuma ana danganta su ga Bulgarian kuma, ba shakka, asalinsu na Hellenanci.
Yaran sun sami ilimi mai haske, kuma a lokacin da suka damu, hanyoyinsu sun rabu. Hanyar hannu da aka ɗaura don aikin soja don kare aminin dangi da doros har zuwa gwamnan Byzantine. A wurin "Slavic Prince" ya tabbatar da kansa a matsayin mai hikima da adalci.
Cyrill daga farkon karami ya sabawa na karanta littattafai, ya buga da ke kewaye da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da damar da Arseng da Slavic, an jera Ibrananci da Aramaic. A cikin shekaru 20, wani saurayi, ya kammala karatun jami'ar Magnavra, ya riga ya koyar da kayan yau da kullun a makarantar Kotun a TSARRAM.
Ma'aikatar Kirista
Cyril faskin aiki ne na mutane, kodayake an bayar da irin wannan damar. Auren akan kasusuwar shugaban Tasarist a cikin Byzantium ya bude makasudin Dizzying - Jagoran yankin a Makedonia, sannan matsayin kwamandan babban aiki. Duk da haka, matasa masana tauhidi (Konstantin ya juya shekara 15 kawai) ya zaɓi mataki kan hanyar cocin.
Lokacin da ya riga ya koyar a jami'ar, wani mutum ya yi nasarar yin jayayya a kan ka'idojin gunkin, wanda ya kasance sananne a karkashin sunan ammonium. Koyaya, wannan labarin ana ɗaukar kyakkyawan labari ne kawai.
Babban aikin don Gwamnatin Byzlium a wancan lokacin shine karfafa da farfagaganda na Orthodoxy. Tare tare da diflomasiyya, wanda aka rera biranen biranen da ƙauyuka, inda ake tattaunawa da maƙiyan addini, suka tafi. Sun zama a cikin 24, Konstanti, da sun zaunar da wani muhimmin aiki na farko daga jihar - don koyar da musulmai a kan madaidaiciyar hanya.
A ƙarshen 50s, 'yan uwan na 9, Charter daga fushin duniya, ya yi ritaya zuwa ga gidan sufi, inda hanya mai shekaru 37 ta ɗauki matsayi. Koyaya, Kirill bai yi ba da damar dogon lokaci don hutawa: riga a cikin 860, wani mutum da ake kira kursiyin sarki da kuma umurci ya shiga cikin matsayi na Ofishin Jakadancin Khazar.
Gaskiyar ita ce Khazar Kagan ta sanar da wani rikici da rashin tsaro, inda aka ba da shawarar Kiristoci domin tabbatar da gaskiyar bangaskiyar Yahuza da musulmai. Khazans riga sun kasance shirye don wucewa a gefen Orthodoxy, amma sun saita yanayin - kawai a cikin nasarar da aka amfana da fa'idodin Byzantine a cikin jayayya.
Cyril ya dauki ɗan'uwansa da kuma son dan wasan da ya sanya wa kafadunsa, amma har yanzu aikin ya kasa. Misalin Khazar na Kirista bai ba, kodayake Kagan kuma ya ƙyale mutane su yi masa baftisma. Wannan tafiya ta faru da mahimmanci ga muminai wani taron tarihi. A kan hanya, da metzantines duba cikin Crimea, inda Kirl ya gano relics na Clement, Paparoma mai tsarki, na huxu a kan Rome a kusancin da Chenesonos.
'Yan'uwa suna da hannu cikin wani muhimmin manufa. Da zarar taimako ne daga Constantin ko kuma suka nemi mai mulkin kasashen Moravian (Slavic State) Rostislav - an bukaci wani malamin tauhidi cewa wadanda ke da yare sun gaya wa mutane game da bangaskiyar gaskiya. Don haka, yariman zai tsere daga tasirin Jamusawa-Jamusawa. Wannan tafiya ta zama alama - harafin slavic ya bayyana.
A Mororavia, 'yan'uwa sun yi aiki ba su juya hannayenmu ba: an fassara littattafan Helenanci, sun koyar da sarin Aza na karatu, haruffa, kuma a lokaci guda sun koyi ja na jagoranci bautar. "Tafiya" ta dauki shekaru uku. Sakamakon aikin ya taka rawa wajen shirya baftisma na Bulgaria.
A cikin 867, 'yan'uwa su tafi Roma don kiyaye amsar "sabo." Covaliyar Kirill da Ikklisiya ta yamma da ake kira Litattafansu ciki har da Slavic, yayin da mafi yawansu zasu iya magana kawai a cikin Helenk, yayin da mafi yawansu zai iya magana kawai a cikin Helenk, yayin da mafi yawansu zasu iya magana kawai a cikin Hellenanci, Latin da Bayahude.
A kan hanyar zuwa babban birnin Italiya, sun tsaya a Mashaijin Blaintsy, inda suka horar da mutanen littafin. Ga wadanda suka isa Rome tare da relics na Clement don haka mun yi farin ciki cewa sabon baba Adrian II ya ba da izinin yin bauta a cikin Slavyansky kuma har ma ya ba da littattafan da aka fassara su bavose a majami'u. A yayin wannan ganawar, hanya ta karbi epcopian SAN.
Ba kamar ɗan'uwansa ba, Cyril ne kawai a gabas da mutuwa, sai ya tsage shi ga abubuwan dodawa - ya wajaba. Bayan mutuwar mai wa'azi, Hanyar Washi, wanda ya kawo daliban, suka koma Moravia, inda ya yi ya yi ya yi yaƙi da magungunan Jamusanci. Marigayin Rostislav ya canza ɗan da Svyatoopolk, wanda ya tallafa wa siyasa na Jamusawa, wadanda ba su yi shuru suna aiki da aiki da firist firist. Duk wani yunƙuri don rarraba yaren satar kamar yadda aka dakatar da coci.
Hanyar hanya ko da tana zaune a ƙarshe a lokacin gidan sufi. Paparoma John Viii ya taimaka ya zama 'yanci, wanda ya sanya haramcin a kan liturgy har zuwa hanyar a cikin kurkuku. Koyaya, don kada ya yi famfo da yanayin, Yoh ya hana bautar a cikin Slavic. Asset kawai ba su azabtar da dokar ba.
Amma barin daga Tasaloniko ya ci gaba da fuskantar tsoro a asirce a cikin Slavic. A lokaci guda, Akbishop din yayi baftisma da Yariman Czech, wanda kadan daga baya ya bayyana a kotu a Roma. Koyaya, Luck yayi mamakin Hanyar hanya - Bai kare hukunci ba kawai, kuma ya sami babban bijimi da damar da za a jagoranci sujada a cikin Slavic. Jim kaɗan kafin mutuwar ya sami damar fassara Tsohon Alkawari.
Kirkirar ABC
'Yan uwa daga Tasalonikov sun shiga labarin kamar yadda masu kirkirar haruffan SLAVIC. Lokacin taron - 862 ko shekara 863. Kirl da rayuwar hanya da rayuwar da aka yi jayayya cewa ra'ayin da aka haife ra'ayin da aka haife shi a cikin 856, lokacin da 'yan'uwa tare da' yan uwan Olympus a cikin gidan suli na Polychron. Anan Hanyar ABOMOT ABOT.
Marubucin haruffan haruffan ana danganta zuwa Kirill, kuma menene daidai, ya kasance asirin. Masana kimiyya sun karkata zuwa ga kalmar fi'ili, haruffa 38 ne suka ƙunshi. Amma ga cyrillic, an rufe shi da Clement Ohrid. Koyaya, ko da wannan lamari ne, dalibin har yanzu ya yi amfani da ayyukan Kirill - yana ɗaukar sauti na harshe, wanda shine mafi mahimmanci lokacin ƙirƙirar rubuce-rubucen.
Tushen haruffan da aka yi amfani da su azaman Girka Tyline, haruffa suna da kama sosai, saboda haka fi'ili ya rikice tare da haruffan Oriental. Amma ga ƙirar takamaiman sautuka na Slavic, haruffa na Yahudawa sun ɗauka, alal misali, "Sh".
Mutuwa
Konstantin-Koreill a kan tafiya zuwa Rome buga mummunan ciwo, kuma a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 869 ya mutu - A wannan rana a cikin Katolika ya gane kamar ranar tsarkaka. Jikin na ci gaba ƙasa a cikin cocin Roman na Mai Tsarki. Kirill bai son ɗan'uwan da zai koma ga Morasanta zuwa Morvia, kuma kafin a zargeta, ya zama dole: Ya wajaba:
"Anan, ɗan'uwana, muna tare da ku sau biyu a cikin kayan garga, an yi noma ɗaya, kuma na faɗi ya gandun daji, ya gama rana na. A, ko da yake kuna ƙaunar dutsen, amma ba macijin ba saboda dutsen don barin makarantar ku, don menene zaku iya cimma nasara? "Hanyar ta tsira daga dangin hikima na shekaru 16. Mutum Guda ɗaya, ya ba da umarnin kansa don karanta Ikilisiyar don karanta wa'azin. Firist ya mutu a kan dabino ranar Lahadi 4 ga Afrilu 4, 885. Hanyar ta gudu cikin yaruka uku - Girkanci, latin kuma, ba shakka, slavic.
A gidan waya ya maye gurbin tsaunin Students, sannan duk abin da tsarkaka ta fara lalacewa. A Morravia, an dakatar da fassarar littleday, mabiya da ɗalibai sun buɗe farauta - amma sun bi, suka sayar da bautar har ma sun mutu. Partangare na sabobin da ke gudana zuwa ƙasashe ƙofar zuwa. Kuma duk da haka al'adun slavic ya yi sallama, tsakiyar littafin littafin ya koma Bulgaria, kuma daga nan zuwa Rasha.
Saints Profean malamai suna bauta a yamma da gabas. A Rasha, an kafa hutu cikin ƙwaƙwalwar feat 'yan'uwa - a ranar 24 ga Mayu, ana yin bikin rubuta rubutu da al'adu.
Tunani
Ƙauyuka
- 1869 - ginannen ƙauyen hanya kusa da Novorasiskysk
Baftin
- Monument zuwa Cyril da Hanyar Dutse a cikin Ginin dutse a cikin Skopje, Makedoniya.
- Monument zuwa Kirill da Hanyar A Belgrade, Serbia.
- Monument zuwa Cyril da Hanyar A cikin Khanty-Mansishysk.
- Monument a girmama Kirl da kuma hanyar a cikin Tasaloniki, Girka. An canza hatimi a cikin hanyar kyauta da aka canza zuwa Girka ta hanyar cocin Orthodox.
- Mutum-mutumi da nuna daraja na Kirill da kuma hanya kafin gina dakin karatun ƙasa na tsarkaka a cikin Sofia, Bulgaria.
- Basilica zuwa sama da Budurwa Maryamu da Saints Cyril da Hanyar Cynaus a cikin Tellegrada, Jamhuriyar Czech.
- Monument a girmama Kirl da kuma hanya, an kafa shi a gaban ginin Fadar gidan Al'adu a Sofia, Bulgaria.
- Monument zuwa Cyril da Hanyar A Hanyar A cikin Prague, Jamhuriyar Czech.
- Monument zuwa Cyril da Hanyar AHrid, Makedonia.
- Cyril da kuma ana nuna zane a ranar tunawa da 1000th na tunawa da Rasha Monument a Veliky Novgorod.
Littattafai
- 1835 - waka "Kirillo-Metodiada", Jan Halle
- 1865 - "Cyril-mefishesky tarin" (Gano by Mikhail pogodin)
- 1984 - "Khazar Dictionary", Milorad Pavice
- 1979 - "'Yan'uwa Slong", Slav Karaslavov
Fina-finai
- 1983 - "Konstantin Falsafar"
- 1989 - "'Yan uwan Solong"
- 2013 - "Cyril da Hanyar Aiwatarwa - Manzannin Slavs"