Ivan Shishkin - Labari game da shi, hoto, rayuwar sirri, zane-zane, mutuwa

Tari

Ivan Shishkin "Rayuwa" a kusan kowace gida na Rasha ko Akidar. Musamman ma a cikin lokutan Soviet, masu son su yi ado da bangon da haifuwa ta hanyar ɗan wasa, waɗanda aka kawar daga mujallu. Haka kuma, tare da aikin zane-zane, Russia sun sami masaniya daga karami - a cikin bear a cikin gandun daji ado sun yi ado da cakulan cakulan. A cikin rayuwar Babbar Jagora, "Bangatr na Farkon daji da" Muryar kurmi 'a matsayin alamar girmama ikon da za ta yi.

Yaro da matasa

An haifi mai zane nan gaba a cikin dangin dan kasuwa Ivan Vasilyevic shishkin a Janairu, 1832. Yaro mai artacce ya wuce a cikin Elburga (A zamanin sarauta, ya kasance wani ɓangare na lardin Vyatka, yau shine Jamhuriyar Tatarstan). Mahaifin yana ƙaunarsa da daraja a ƙaramin garin lardin, Ivan Vasilliichich da shekaru da yawa suna riƙe shugabar shugaban. A lokacin da dan kasuwa da nasa kudi, Elburga ya sami layin samar da katako, wanda har yanzu yana aiki. Shishkin ya gabatar da zamanin zamani da littafin farko game da tarihin ƙasar kasar.

Kasancewa mutum mai mahimmanci da kuma yanke-matsalar, Ivan Vasilliich yayi kokarin ba da sha'awa gaan Vasanya tare da kimiyyar halitta kazan na farko a cikin bege zai sami ilimi mai haske. Koyaya, matasa Ivan Shishkin bayan karami yana da ƙarin jan hankalin fasaha. Don haka, a cikin cibiyoyin ilimi da sauri ya gaji, sai ya jefa shi, yana cewa bai so ya zama jami'in hukuma.

Komawa gidan dan ne ya fusata da iyayen, musamman Siblos, da zaran bangon dakin motsa jiki ya bar, ya fara zama ba da son kai ba. Mama Dati Alexandrovna ta fusata ta da rashin ƙarfi na Ivan don yin karatu, haushi da gaskiyar cewa saurayin bai dace da duk wanda ba ya buƙatar takarda "Patchorkork." Uba ya goyi bayan matansa, kodayake a asirce ya yi farin ciki a cikin tsarkakakken tsiri ga kyakkyawa. Domin kada a yi aure da iyaye, mai zane ya yi a cikin zane da daddare - don haka matakan farko a zanen an tsara su.

Zane

A lokacin kasancewa, Ivan "ya kori" goga. Amma da zarar masu zane da aka kore su a cikin Elbagu, waɗanda aka harba daga babban birnin don zanen na Cutar Iconostasis, da Shishkin a karon farko da muhimmanci game da mahimmancin sana'a. Bayan da tun daga Muscovites game da kasancewar makarantar zane da zane-zane ya kama wuta da mafarki hakika ya zama ɗalibin wannan kyakkyawar cibiyar ilmantarwa.

Mahaifin tare da wahala, amma har yanzu ya yarda ya bar Sonan ya shiga gefuna da tsayi - ya ba da cewa '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ' Tarihin rayuwar Shishkin ya nuna - kalmar a gaban iyayen da aka yiwa rashin lullube su.

A cikin 1852, makarantar Moscow ta zanen zane da ban tsoro ta shiga cikin sahun Ivan Shishkin, wacce ta faɗi a ƙarƙashin mai kula da hoton zane-zane apollo mokrisky. Mai zane mai zane yana jan hankalin shimfidar wurare, a zanen da ya saba yi da shi. Ba da daɗewa ba game da kyakkyawar baiwa na sabon alama a cikin zane-zane na gani, dukkanin malamai sun koya: 'yan koyarwa da kuma abokan karatun ɗalibai suna bikin filin da aka saba don jawo filin da aka saba ko kogin sosai.

Diptloma na makarantar Schishkina ta juya ta zama kadan, kuma a cikin 1856 ya shiga ajizarorin Cibiyar Arts, wanda ya ci zukatan malamai. Ivan Ivanovich daure yin nazarin da mamaki da mamaki in ji zanen.

A cikin shekarar farko, mai zane ya ci gaba da fara aikin bazara zuwa tsibirin Valalam, wanda jinsin a nan gaba suka sami lambobin zinare daga makarantar kimiyya. A lokacin karatunsa, an cika fim din alade da kananan azurfa biyu da kananan lambobin zinare da kananan lambobin zinare da Stitesburg shimfidar wuri.

Bayan karshen makarantar, Ivan Ivanovich ya sami damar inganta fasaha a ƙasashen waje. Kwalejin samun digiri na biyu da aka nada na musamman ritaya, da Shishkin, ba a ɗauka da kulawa don kula da burodi, sannan a cikin Zurich, Geneva da Dusseldorf.

Anan da Artist ya yi ƙoƙari sojojin a cikin kafa "Tsarist vodka", da yawa ya rubuta abubuwa da yawa, daga inda aka buga mai tsawo da aka buga "kallo a kusancin Düssaldorf". Haske, aikin iska ya tafi ƙasarsa - Shishkin ya sami taken na wakilin.

Shekaru shida, ya sami masaniya game da yanayin ƙasashen waje, amma toroca a cikin ƙasarsa ya ɗauki saman, Ivan Shishkin ya koma ƙasarsa. A farkon shekarun, mai zane mai mahimmanci yana ƙalubalanci a kan sararin Russia don neman wurare masu ban sha'awa, yanayin sabon abu. Lokacin da ya bayyana a St. Petersburg, masu zane-zane na masu zane-zane sun halarci al'amuran. Mai zane ya yiwa aminci tare da Konstantin Savitsky, The Archka na Sarauniya da Ivan Kramsky.

A cikin 70s, an ƙara azuzuwan. Ivan Ivanovich ya kafa tare da abokan aikinsa wani hadin gwiwar nunin faifan wayar hannu, a cikin layi daya don shiga kungiyar na kwastomomi. Yana jiran mutum da sabon take - don zanen "jejin daji", Kwalejin ta yafe shi zuwa Farfada da dama.

A karo na biyu na rabin 1870s, Ivan Shishkin kusan ya kusan rasa wurin da ya sami nasarar mamaye cikin da'irar zane-zane. Da ya sami bala'i na mutum (mutuwar matarsa), wani mutum yana shan haihuwa da kuma rikice-rikice da ƙaunatattu. Da kyar ya ɗauki kansa a hannunsa, ya girgiza kansa. A wancan lokacin, masu samar da ingantaccen "hatsin rai", "dusar ƙanƙara ta fara", "Pine Bor" ya fito ne daga ƙarƙashin gashin tsuntsu. Ivan Ivanovich ta jihar jihar da aka bayyana kamar haka: "Mecece ni yanzu yawancin sha'awar? Rayuwa da bayyanarsa, yanzu, kamar yadda koyaushe. "

Jim kadan kafin mutuwar Ivan Shishkin da aka gayyaci zai koyar a babbar makarantar fasaha a makarantar kimiyya na Arcy. Thearshen karni na XIX ya nuna shi da raguwa na tsohuwar makarantar masu fasaha, Matasan sun fi son manne wa sauran ƙa'idodin masu kyau, duk da haka

Ivan Ivanovich yana ƙaunar sadarwa tare da marubutan matasa har ma sun yi kokarin yin sabbin dalilai a cikin aikinsa. A lokacin koyarwa, mai zane ya dauke wanda aka nuna karin zane Valentina Seerov.

Kimanin baiwa na zane-zane, masu bioachonshers da magoya Shishkin kwatanta shi da masanin ilimin halitta - a cikin sha'awar nuna yadda ba soyayya ba ta da kyau da dabi'un Ivan Ivanovich yi tazarin tsire-tsire. Kafin a ci gaba da aiki, ya faɗi gansakuka, ƙananan ganye, ciyawa.

A hankali, salonta na musamman da aka kafa, a cikin abin da aka kalli gwaje-gwajen da aka kalli tare da haduwar goge daban daban-daban da yaji, ƙoƙari don canja launi launuka da tabarau. A cikin shekaru da ake kira Ivan Shishkin da mawakan dabi'a, iya ganin halayen kowane kusurwa.

Geirƙirar zanen mai zane mai fadi: Ivan Ivanovich ya yi wahayi zuwa ga shimfidar wuri na Triniti-Sergius Lavra, dajin da Sekolnikov da Serboretsk. An fentin zane a cikin Blovezhskaya turshacha kuma, ba shakka, a cikin asalinsu Elbug, inda ya zo don ziyarta.

Yana da sha'awar cewa Shishkin bai yi aiki shi kaɗai ba. Misali, rubuta dabba da abokin aiki Konstantin Savitsky da Abokanta Abokin Konstantin Savitsky ne "- daga karkashin alkalan wannan dandam a kan zane ya zuwa rayuwa. Hoton yana da sa hannu biyu na mallaka.

Rayuwar sirri

Rayuwar mutum na mai zane mai ban tausayi ya kasance mai ban tausayi. Ivan Shishkin ya tafi karkashin kambi na marigayi - a shekara 36 da haihuwa. A cikin 1868, ya auri babbar ƙauna tare da 'yar'uwar Fayodor Vasilyeva Evgenia. A cikin wannan auren, Ivan Ivanovich ya yi matukar farin ciki, bai yi haƙuri da rabuwa ba kuma ko da yaushe da sauri ya koma daga balaguron kasuwanci a fadin Rasha.

Evgenia Alchesandrovna ya haifi 'ya'ya maza guda biyu da' ya mata, kuma Shishkin ya sha hayansa. Hakanan a wancan lokacin ya ji mai shi mai shi mai maraba, wanda ya yi farin ciki da ɗaukar baƙi a cikin gidan. Amma a cikin 1874, Muren ya mutu, ba da daɗewa ba bayan ita ma tana da ɗa.

Tare da wahala murmurewa daga baƙin ciki, Shishkin ya auri dalibi, mai siyar da Araba Ladoga. Shekara bayan bikin aure, matar ta mutu, ya bar Ivan Ivanovich tare da 'yarta a hannunsa.

Bala'i ya lura da fasalin guda na halayen Ivan Shishkin. A cikin shekarun karatu a makarantar, ya sa sunan barkwanci Monk - don haka anada suna don kyama da ƙulli. Koyaya, waɗanda suka sami aboki a gare shi, sa'an nan kuma yayi tunanin tsawon lokacin da mutumin yake magana kuma yana wasa a cikin da'irar ƙauna.

Mutuwa

Ivan Ivanovich ya bar wannan duniyar, kamar yadda Masters dogaro, a wurin aiki a kan kwastomomi na gaba. A cikin rana mai bazara ta 1898, ɗan wasa da safe ya zauna don saukaka. A cikin bita, banda shi, mataimakin ya yi aiki, wanda ya gaya wa cikakken bayani game da mutuwar malamin.

Shishkin ya nuna wani abu kamar Zovka, to, kai kawai ya nutse a kirji. Likita ya gano shine rata na zuciya. Zane-zanen da aka gina "Mulkin da ba a ƙare ba, an kammala aikin mai zane na mai zane shine" Jirgin ruwa na Grove ", yau tana da sha'awar baƙi ta gidan kayan gargajiya na Rasha.

Ivan Shishkin an binne shi a Kabarin Scolenens (St. Petersburg), kuma a tsakiyar karni na 20, an kwashe mai zane ga Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Zana wuri

• 1870 - "Tafiya a cikin gandun daji"
• 1871 - "Birch daji"
• 1878 - "Birch Gobe"
• 1878 - "Rye"
• 1882 - "A gefen farjin gida"
• 1882 - "Filin daji"
• 1882 - "Maraice"
• 1883 - "Creek a cikin gandun daji na Birch"
• 1884 - "daji Dali"
• 1884 - "Pine a kan yashi"
• 1884 - "Polesie"
• 1885 - Mirky Morning "
• 1887 - "Oak Grove"
• 1889 - "safiya a cikin gandun daji"
• 1891 - "ruwan sama a cikin gandun daji"
• 1891 - "A wajen arewa da daji ..."
• 1891 - "Bayan hadari a cikin Mary Hovi"
• 1895 - "daji"
• 1898 - "Jiragen sama Grove"