Tari
The kaifiphen na Irish da Turanci Falsopher da Satatan Swift ya yi da yawa amo yayin rayuwarsa. Tunani An tuna da marubucin ba a tuna da shi ba kamar yadda marubucin pamphlets ba ta da zurfin zurfin alhison, kuma a cikin duniya ya shahara ga balaguron "balaguron" na Gullyer ". Swift koyaushe ɓoye a ƙarƙashin ra'ayoyi ko ba a nuna marubutan kwata-kwata ba, amma masu karatu sun gane shi a salo na musamman.Yaro da matasa
An haifi marubucin nan gaba a Dublin a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 1667 - watanni biyu bayan mutuwar Uba, ƙaramin jami'in shari'a. Yaron ya sami sunan iyaye - Jonathan. Mace da mazanuwar dattijai ta kasance tare da 'ya'ya biyu a cikin hannayenta da ba tare da raye-rayen ba, da, jariri ya zama ɗan farin ciki tare da ilimin cututtukan daji.
Zama dan shekaru, inna ta yanke shawarar baiwa Jonathan zuwa ga tarbiyar dan uwan marigayi, wanda ke da sauri a cikin lauya.
Yaron ya yi karatunsa daga mafi kyawun IRELLALSIUM ", shekaru na makaranta ya damu sosai - Dole ne in manta game da 'yanci, amma rayuwa mara kyau, daidaita ga tsayayyen motsa jiki. Yana da shekara 14, Jonathan ya shiga kwalejin Toniti, daga inda ya bar matsayin digiri na Bachorer da tsayayya da Kimiyya.
Litattafai
Tarihin kirkirar marubucin ya fara ne yayin komawa Ingila. Uncle ya fashe, kuma yakin basasa ya barke a cikin ƙasarsu. Jonathan ya hanzarta samun kudi kai tsaye, kuma ya fara nuna wa sakatariyar Sakatakarwa da diflomasiyyar Willomasiyya. Marubucin novice ya ba su tsallakewa kyauta ga maharan ɗalibin ma'aikata na mai aiki.
Ziyarar da haikalin ya kasance shahararren siffofin da wakilan Hememiya na wannan lokacin, sadarwa tare da wanda ya shirya kasar gona don talafa na da sauri. Thean mawaki, wato, daga walamy, Jonathan ya shiga cikin wallake, a nan gaba ya taimaka wajan yin mai fatan ya rubuta abin tunawa.
Daga Biritaniya, mai saurin komawa zuwa ga mahaifarsa sau biyu. A cikin 1694, wani saurayi, ya kammala karatu daga shari'a a cikin Oxford, ya yarda da san san sarkin Orkican kuma ya zama firist a cocin karamin ƙauye. Kuma daga baya kuma ya ci gaba da yin hidima a babban birnin St. Patrick. A cikin layi daya, ya zama marubucin haske, kaifi na siyasa pamphles a kan quite na rana.
Duk da haka, nauyin da ya dauki nauyin firist Jonathan ya gaji da sauri, ya sake isa Ingila. Anan, daga karkashin alkalami, jerin wa poems sun fito, da misalin "Littattafai" da "Ma'adana Barchk". Aikin ƙarshe ya zama sananne sosai - mutane sun ƙaunace shi, duk da cewa marubucin bai yi tunanin sukar addinin ba, kawai paroding girman kai.
Abin sha'awa, marubucin marubucin ba zai tallata ba - dukkanin ayyukan an ba da sanarwar ba da sani ba. A nan gaba, wannan ra'ayin Jonathan ya canza ba ya canzawa. Koyaya, kowa ya sani wanene marubucin waɗannan littattafan satiri na, waƙoƙi da kuma opuses.
Heyday na satyricarfin Satyric na marubucin ya fadi a cikin 1710s. Jonathan ya sami 'yancin samun kudin kuɗi, yana bayyana post na Dean na Babban Cathedral na St. Patrick, kuma a hankali m jin daɗin adabin. Waƙoƙinsa, pamphlests da labaran sun cika da fushi game da rashin adalci game da rashin adalci, mulki a cikin al'umma, zargi na iko da addini. A cikin 1720, matsalar cin mutuncin Ireland ta zama tsakiyar kirkirar kere, wacce Ingila ta yi wa lalacewa.
Loveaunar jama'a da girmamawa ga Jonathan bayan da ba a sani ba "haruffa na Sukrobrik", wanda ya fito daga cikin injin rubutu da yawa. Sun yi kira don watsi da kuɗin Ingilishi kuma ba sa siyan kayan da aka samar a Biritaniya. Muguwar fushin fushinsa ya tashi, wanda ya sa Landan ya canza gwamnan, wanda ya gabatar da fansa ga wanda zai nuna marubucin "haruffa."
Yunkurin samun waɗanda suka yi wa kansu sun kasance a banza, Ingila dole ne ta ci gaba da jituwa tattalin arziki. Bayan waɗannan al'amuran, an gina shi cikin matsayin gwarzo na kasa, hotonsa yana zubar da Dublin. Ba da daɗewa ba wani abin kunya ya faru, wannan lokacin game da maganganun maganganu akan talauci. Marubucin ya shawarci gwamnati, wacce ba ta iya ciyar da samari, sayar da yara kan nama da fata.
Don aikin a saman sanannen labari game da tafiye-tafiye na Gullivier swill a farkon karni na 18. Littattafan farko biyu na kyakkyawan aiki, suna ba'a da kyau a cikin 'yan'uwa da ajizancin jama'a, sun fito a cikin 1726, kuma daga baya, masu karatu sun sami ƙarin kundin yawa. Likita na jirgin ruwa na Gulliver ya hadu da bushes da al'adun kasashen Liliputs, sun fada a tsibirin da ke tashi, mutane masu adawa da kisa a cikin kasashen Turai Japan.
Tetralgy tana da nasara ga nasara, a nan gaba ya zama wallafe-wallafe da wahayi don dubun masu gudanarwa. Ko da a Rasha, littattafan sun sha da sauri da sauri: A 1772, sun fassara daga marubucin Faransanci Yerofey Karkhavin. Da farko, sabon labari yana da sunan kewaye, duk da haka, kusan kusan cikakken fassarar asalin - "tafiya na Gulliverov zuwa Liliput, Lawainaga, Laybinga, Lawggong Country ko Dawakai."
Rayuwar sirri
Rayuwar sirri na Jonathan Swimh kyakkyawa ce. Marubucin ya danganta dangantakar soyayya da 'yan mata biyu da sunan iri ɗaya ne - Esther.
A cikin shekarun aiki, haikalin, saurayi ya sadu da gidansa da 'yar shekara mai shekaru 8 Johnson. Bambancin shekaru a cikin shekaru 15 bai tsoma baki ga yin abokai ba: Jonathan ya zama mai jagoranci da malami na yarinyar, wanda aka kira Stella, kuma a nan gaba da ƙaunataccen. A cikin rabuwa, marubucin Gullivier ya rubuta wata rana ta yau da kullun, shiga haruffa, wanda ya juya bayan mutuwarsa a littafin "Diaries ga Stella".
Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyar, marastar {aday ya koma ƙasar Ireland, kodayake yarinyar ba ta fi ga ɗalibin marubuci ba. Masu bi suna nuna cewa a cikin 1716 Ma'auratan sun yi aure, amma ba su karɓi wannan gaskiyar kan tabbatarwar hukuma ba.
Wata mace da ta gani a cikin dangantakar soyayya tun 1707, da ake kira Esther Vanoveri. Yaro da yarinyar da ta dace Jonathan ya sanya sunan barkwanci Vainsa. Ta kuma sadaukar da kai ga taɓa, haruffa baƙin ciki.
Vawasa ya mutu daga tarin fuka a cikin 1723, kuma shekaru biyar bayan haka Stella ta mutu. Marubucin ya damu matuka game da asarar matan ƙaunatattun mata, waɗannan bala'i sun lalata lafiya kamar jiki. Amma mutumin har yanzu dole ya yi tafiya mai zurfi.
Mutuwa
'Yan shekaru kafin mutuwar Jonathan ta sha wahala daga rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa. A haruffa, abokai sun koka game da mummunan yanayi da baƙin ciki. A rikicewar kwakwalwa ta ci gaba, kuma a cikin 1742 marubucin ya tsira daga bugun jini kuma ya juya ya zama ba tare da hadewa ba, ya kasa motsawa, ya kasa motsawa, ya kasa motsawa. An naɗa mutumin da aka naɗa. Satiri ya mutu a mahaifarsa a cikin Oktoba 1745.
Swift ya shirya don mutuwa baya a cikin 1731 ta hanyar rubuta waka "Swift", wanda ya gano kansa Credo - "Don ya tabbatar da kayatarwa" tare da dariya. A shekara ta 40, an kai wani Epitap daga alkalami na marubucin, an zana shi daga baya a kan kabarin kabarin, kuma ya kuma ba shi kusan duk kudaden da gina wani asibiti don rashin lafiyar hankali. Ba da da ewa bayan mutuwar marubucin ya gina "asibiti na St. Patrick ga Immecilov", kofofin da har yanzu suna bude.
Littafi daya
- 1697 - "Yakin littattafai"
- 1704 - T Tunanin Barrel "
- 1710-1714 - "Diary ga Stella"
- 1726 - "Balaguro Gullyer"