Tari
Dan wasan na Jamus da Prestaik Herman herrant, da kuma novtai game da binciken wani mutum da kansa "steppe wolf" - tarihin rayuwar rai. Sunan marubucin a cikin marubutan mahimman mahimman ƙarni na 20, kuma littattafan sun mamaye wuri a kan shelves na mutanen da suke son nazarin kai.Yaro da matasa
Herman na cikin yanayin yanayin firist na Furotesta. An yiwa magabatan mahaifin Johannes Heungiyoyi sun tsunduma cikin mishan tun karni na 18, kuma ya ba da rai ga fadakarwar kirista. Uwar Maria Gundert, rabin Frenchwoman, philologist ga ilimi, aka kuma haife shi a wani mũmini da iyali, shekaru da dama a India tare da wani mishan manufa. A lokacin saduwa da Johannes da wata gwauruwa ta haihu 'ya'ya biyu.
Herman an haife shi ne a watan Yuli 1877 a cikin garin Calve Land Baden-Württemberg. A cikin duka, yara shida da aka haife su a cikin iyali na hakaru, amma hudu ne kawai suka tsira: Hermann yana da 'yan'uwa mata ADEL da Marulla da Brotheran'uwana Hans.
Iyaye sun gani a cikin shuka na cigaba magajin gargajiya, saboda sun aika da yaro zuwa makarantar mishan, sannan ga fensho na Kirista a Basel, inda shugaban na dangin ya sami matsayi a cikin makarantar mishan. Abubuwan da suka dace da makarantun HORRAN sun kasance masu sauƙi, musamman na son Latin, kuma a makaranta ce, a cewar marubuci, bisa ga marubucin, a cewar marubuci, bisa ga marubucin, a cewar marubuci, bisa ga marubucin, a cewar marubuci, bisa ga marubucin, a cewar marubucin, a cewar marubucin, a cewar marubucin, a cewar marubucin, a cewar marubucin, a cewar marubucin, a cewar marubucin, a cewar marubucin, a cewar marubucin, a cewar marubucin, a cewar marubucin, a cewar marubucin, a cewar marubucin, a cewar marubucin, a cewar marubucin, a cewar marubuci. Amma a kan abubuwan tunawa da makomar Nobel a cikin adabin, ya ce:
"Daga shekaru goma sha uku na bayyana a gare ni - zan zama ko wani mawaƙi ko kowa kwata-kwata."
Dokokin dunkunan Hisse bai gano fahimta a cikin dangi da cibiyoyin ilimi da shi:
"A cikin lokaci guda na kawo darasi wanda kawai zai yuwu in cire lamarin: mawaƙin akwai wani abu wanda aka yarda ya zama, amma ba a yarda ya zama ba."An aika Herman don koyon makarantar Latin a Hopfingen, sannan zuwa Seminaliyya ta Talakawa, daga inda ya tsere. Herman ta yi aiki a cikin gidan buga takardu kuma mai koyon aiki a cikin bita na inji, sun taimaka wa mahaifinsa a cikin gidan buga wasan Tallace-tallacen. A ƙarshe, na same shi sauƙi a cikin shagon littafin. A lokacin sa na 'yanci ya tsunduma cikin kai, dakin karatun salula ya kasance amfanin kukan.
Dangane da ambaton hese, a cikin shekaru hudu ya nuna kishi sosai wajen koyon yaruka, Falsopy, tarihin zane-zane. Baya ga Kimiyya, yana da wani takarda, rubuta farkon ayyukan. Ba da daɗewa ba, shesse ya wuce jarrabawar da ake buƙata don tafarkin motsa jiki kuma shigar da Jami'ar Tubingen a matsayin mai sauraro kyauta. Haka kuma, yanke shawarar hakan
"Rayuwar ruhaniya tana yiwuwa ne kawai ta hanyar haɗin ta dindindin da guba, da tarihi, tare da diski, tare da tsufa",Ya sauya daga gidan talakawa zuwa kantin sayar da littattafai. Koyaya, ya yi aiki a can, ya ƙi ciyar da wannan azuzuwan yayin rubuta nasara da damar da za ta ƙunshi dangi.
Litattafai
Aikin rubutu na farko yana aiki a cikin tarihin Herman Hess ne "brothersan'uwa biyu, wanda aka rubuta shi a cikin 'yan'uwa goma goma don saurayi.
A cikin 1901, babban aiki na farko na aikin hemse da aka saki - "Zaɓuɓɓukan da waƙoƙin na Lausmer", "waɗanda sauran wasiƙun sunaye mai", "waɗanda sauran wasiƙun sunaye Lusher", "waɗanda sauran wasiƙun sunaye Lausmer", "waɗanda sauran wasiƙun sunaye Lusher", "Zaɓuɓɓukan da waƙoƙin Hermann", "waɗanda sauran wasiƙun Lausher", "waɗanda sauran wasiƙun Hermer", an buga su ta hanyar sashen deresse ").
Koyaya, amincewa da masu sukar da kuma sanin cikin da'irar karatu, da kuma 'yancin kuɗaɗen kuɗi ya shigo Roman "Peter Kamencind" Peter Kamenzan ". Rohan bai karbi kyautar bauniyar Eduard baunar ba, kuma marubucin ba samawa ne daga babban gidan bugawa s. Fischer Verlag kan fifiko na m. Bayan haka, gidan buga Samuel na Sama'ila na Fisher na rabin karni zai zama mai ikon haƙƙin hersesse a Jamus.
A cikin 1906, Herman ya rubuta labari "a karkashin dabaran", a matsayin, abubuwan tarihin da aka buga a baya, musamman lokacin karatu a cikin seminary. Bugu da kari, marubucin labarai da kuma labaru sun yi aiki a matsayin mai zargi da mai bita. Shekara guda bayan haka, hesa da hadin kai tare da mai bugawa Albert Langen da wani kuma marubuci Ludwig Tom ya fara sakin mujallar März.
Roman "Gertrada" ya bayyana a cikin 1910th. Shekara guda daga baya, hesea ya hau tafiya zuwa Indiya, ya ziyarci Singapore, Indonesia, Sri Lanka. Bayan dawowa, marubucin ya buga tarin waƙoƙi da labarai "daga Indiya". Cewa sha'awar Gabas zai sami wata hanya a cikin 'yan shekaru kaɗan daga baya, da gabatar da batun Sidgththa, gwarzon zai iya cimma nasarar cimma nasarar magance gaskiyar, wannan manufa za ta iya samu ta hanyar kwarewar ta.
A cikin gidan herseland, ya shaida abubuwan da suka faru ya faru na yakin duniya da kuma tatsuniyoyin ANIFI-yaki, su tattara kudaden don buɗe ɗakunan karatu don fursunoni na yaki. A bayanin masana tarihi, marubucin ya yi hadin gwiwa da dukkan bangarorin da aka yi, don haka ba abin mamaki bane cewa bude bude farfaganen ya nuna adawa da tesse, sai aka kira shi matsoraci da manema labarai.
A cikin nuna rashin amincewa, Herman ya koma Swiss Bern kuma ta ki komawa Jamusanci zama ɗan ƙasa. Al'umman ra'ayoyi da ra'ayoyi kusa da hissa da marubuci, mai goyon bayan mai aiki na Pacifism ROLlyn. A wannan wuri, ya sauke karatu daga Roshalde ta Roman Roshalde, aikin atomatik, wanda wannan lokacin game da cutar ta shiga cikin Tarihi ta gaba.
Wallafe-wallafen littafin ilimi "Demian", kwatanta lokutan rayuwar zamantakewa da halin kirki da suka mutu, to, matar da ta faɗa ta zama asibitin masu tabin hankali . Daga sakamakon rushewar juyayi mai nauyi, Herman na warkar da sanannun masanin dan Adam Josef lang.
A ƙarƙashin rinjayar Psycoloanalysis, Herman hese ya ba da labari a cikin sabon labari ba kawai game da wani saurayi da ya rayu da daidaituwar rayuwar burger kuma A cikin matsin lamba daga yanayi da godiya ga abubuwan da suka shafi halayen sa ya zama mutum ya fi ƙarfin ci gaban sauran. Karl Jungone kansa amsa ga sabon labari kamar yadda "a kan hasken fitilolin da ke cikin dare."
A hankalihin Harkar, marubucin ya bayyana a littafin "Steppe Wolf", wanda ake ganin shine mafi mahimmancin mataki a cikin marubucin hesse. Littafin ya fara jagorancin tunani a cikin Jamusanci, da kuma abin da aka ambata daga nassi kuma a matsayin kira don aiki, kuma a matsayin kwatancen matsayin mutum.
Sabuwar girgiza shahararrun shahararrun mahara bayan buga labarin "Narcissus da Zlatust" ("Narcissus da zinare"). Abubuwan da ke ciki na abubuwan da aka buɗe a cikin Jamus, da rayuwa a ciki yana adawa da hissarfin, abu na ruhaniya - mai hankali - tashin hankali.
Wani nau'in cunkoso na kirkirar hitse ya kasance "wasan a cikin Beads", sabon uttopian na ilimin al'umma-lokaci, wanda ya haifar da tattaunawa mai kaifi da fassarorin da yawa. A kan aikin, marubucin ya yi aiki na shekaru goma da sassa sassa. Littafin da cikakken marubucin ya ga hasken a cikin Zurich a tsakiyar yakin duniya na biyu - a 1943. A cikin ƙasar hese, wani na ƙarshe da aka hana don marubucin an sake shi ne kawai a cikin 1951 don matsayin anti-.
Rayuwar sirri
Hermann na aure sau uku. Tare da matashin farko Maria Bernoulli, marubucin ya yi aure a 1904, bayan tafiya a Italiya, wanda Maria ta kasance ta Herman a matsayin mai daukar hoto. Mariya, ko Mia, kamar yadda sauran wurare da ake kira yarinyar, ta fito daga gidan sananniyar likitocin Switzerland.
Game da yara da aka haifa a wannan aure, kayan masarufi. A wasu hanyoyin da aka ce cewa babban dan wanda ya mutu daga meningitis, yayin da yake saurayi. A lokaci guda, sauran suna magana ne game da Bruno da Heiner, wanda ya zama mai zane-zane kuma wanda ya zauna a rayuwa mai kyau, wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1911 kuma ya tsunduma cikin daukar hoto.
Tare da Maria Hesse a hukumance ta sake samarwa a shekarar 1923, amma wani shekaru shida kafin hakan, wata mace tana fama da rashin hankalin da aka samu a asibiti na musamman.
A shekarar 1924, Herman ta aura a karo na biyu a kan Ruth Wenger, 'yar marubuci Lia Wenger. Ruth yana da shekara 20 ƙarami, yana ɗaƙar waƙa da zane. Wannan aure ya wanzu na tsawon shekaru uku, a lokacin, bisa ga ambaton zamanin da aka fi so tare da dabbobi fiye da damuwa na iyali. A lokaci guda, iyayen sauro a kai a kai suka ziyarci baƙi, kuma marubucin ya ji kanta a cikin gidansu.
Matsayi na matarsa, uwargan uwargida da budurwa tesse a cikin aji na uku Ninon Auslander. Tare da mace, marubucin ya daɗe yana sake rubutawa - Ninon ya juya ya zama babban mai goyon baya na aikin Herman. Daga baya, ta yi aure ta atomatik Fred Dolbin, ya sadu da hesa a 1922, lokacin da auren da suka gabata suka rushe. A cikin 1931, tarihin masanin tarihi da marubuci ya ba da dangantaka.
Mutuwa
Bayan buga "wasanni a beads", hesa ligiri kansa zuwa batun labarun labarai, waƙoƙi, labaran. Tare tare da Ninon Herman ya rayu a Montagnol, unguwar Lugano, a cikin gidan da aka gina musu ta hanyar Elazy da Hansder.
A shekarar 1962, marubucin bai gano cutarwar cutar sankara ba, a watan Agusta na wannan shekarar, Herman herse ya mutu daga kwakwalwa. An binne shi a kan hurumi D'Oro hurumi.
Littafi daya
- 1904 - "Peter Kamencinfin"
- 1906 - "Casanova an gyara"
- 1906 - "a ƙarƙashin dabaran"
- 1910 - "gertrada"
- 1913 - "CYCLONE"
- 1913 - Roshalde
- 1915 - "knulp"
- 1918 - "kurururin yara"
- 1919 - "Demian"
- 1922 - Siddhartha
- 1927 - "Steppe Wolf"
- 1923 - "Canza Pictor"
- 1930 - "Narcissus da Zlatusst"
- 1932 - "Aikin haji a kasar gabas"
- 1943 - "wasa a beads"