Tari
Nikolai Leskova Tadacewar Rashanci ne na tatsuniyar Rasha - a wannan batun, marubucin ya tsaya a jere guda tare da Nikolai Gogol. Marubucin ya zama sananne a matsayin jama'a tare da m, inganta flavors na al'ummar Peters. Kuma daga baya na mamaki na mamaki a cikin ilimin ilimin halin dan Adam, dabi'u da al'adun mutanen kasar ƙasar.Yaro da matasa
Leskov da aka haife shi a ƙauyen Gorokhovo (Orlovsk guernia). Mahaifin marubuci, Saman Yemitrievich ya kasance daga tsohuwar irin ruhaniya - kenan da mahaifinsa da mahaifinsa, da kuma yin amfani da firistoci a garin Leskey).
Haka ne, kuma iyaye na rubu'in da kansa na gaba da kansa ya sauke karatu daga Saminu, amma sai ya yi aiki a ɗakin laifuka na oryol. An bayyana ni da babbar baiwa na mai bincike, iya haɗa shi ko da mafi wahalar lamarin, wanda sauri ya tashi da rigunan sabis kuma ya karɓi taken mai daraja. Mama Maria Petrovna sun zo daga Moscow Northille.
A cikin iyalin ganye, wanda ya zauna a cibiyar gudanarwa ta lardin, ya zama 'ya'ya biyar -' ya'ya mata biyu da 'ya'ya maza guda biyu, Nikolai ne babba. Lokacin da yaron ya mai da shekaru 8, mahaifinsa ya yi wahala tare da maigidan ya yi ritaya, ya yi ritaya zuwa ƙauyen Paninin, ya yi ritaya zuwa ƙauyen, an shuka shi, a kula da gonar.
Tare da nazarin, matasa masu banƙyama ne. Shekaru biyar, yaron ya yi nazarin a cikin motsa jiki Oryol, kuma ƙarshe yana da shaidar game da ƙarshen azuzuwan biyu a hannunsa. Abubuwan da ke bita na Leski sun zargi tsarin ilimi na waɗancan lokutan cewa Vity da la'antar sha'awar fahimtar kimiyya. Musamman ma a cikin irin wannan ban mamaki, halittu masu kirkira, kamar Kohl Leskov.
Dole ne in je wurin aiki. Uba a haɗe da wani laifi na hidimar hidimar da ya yi, bayan haka ya mutu daga kwalara. A lokaci guda, babban makoki guda daya ya rushe a kan dangin kamun kifi - gidan ya haye gidan da duk kayan.
Matasa Nikolay ya tafi ya zama sananne ga duniya. A cewar nasa, an tura saurayin zuwa dakin jihar a Kiev, inda ya rayu da furofesoshi a makarantar makarantar sakandare. A cikin babban birnin Ukraine na Leskov ya shiga cikin rayuwa mai ban sha'awa, cike da sha'awar yare, da Falsafar, mai fafutuka a da'irar Sertarians da tsofaffin kayayyaki.
Bayan ya wadatar da kwarewar rayuwar na aikin na gaba don wani kawu. Mijin na Ingilishi na Ingilishi ya kira dan uwan sa "Shkott da Wilekwens", matsayin da aka ɗauka tsawon tafiye-tafiye na kasuwanci mai sau da yawa a duk Rasha. A wannan lokacin marubucin ya kira mafi kyau a cikin tarihin sa.
Litattafai
Tunanin ya sadaukar da rayuwa ga zane-zane na kalmar da aka halarci Leskov na dogon lokaci. A karo na farko, wani saurayi yayi tunani game da filin marubucin, gwiwa ga sararin Russian tare da ɗawainiyar daga kamfanin "Shkott da Wilekwens da kuma irin mutanen da aka nemi takarda.
Matakan farko a cikin wallafe-wallafen Nikolai Seremovich sun yi a matsayin dan kasuwa. Na rubuta labarai "a kan sharrin ranar" a Statesburg da jaridu na Kiv, zargi a cikin rashawa sun lalata jami'ai da likitocin 'yan sanda. Nasarar wallafe-wallafen sun kasance masu zaman kansu ne, sun kawo bincike na hukuma da yawa.
Pen's samfurin kamar yadda marubucin ayyukan zane ya faru ne kawai a shekara 32 - Nikolay LEKOP ya rubuta labari ", wanda masu karanta laburare guda ɗaya" (a yau masu karatu a cikin ɗakin karatu ɗaya "), waɗanda masu karanta laburare ɗaya"), waɗanda masu karanta laburare guda ɗaya "(a yau masu karanta labaran guda ɗaya"), waɗanda masu karanta laburare guda ɗaya "(a yau masu karanta laburare ɗaya"), waɗanda masu karanta laburare guda ɗaya "(a yau masu karanta ɗakin karatu ɗaya"), waɗanda masu karanta laburare guda ɗaya "(a yau masu karanta ɗakin karatu ɗaya ne", waɗanda masu karanta laburare ɗaya ", waɗanda masu karanta laburare ɗaya"), waɗanda masu karanta laburare guda ɗaya "(a yau masu karatu ne a cikin ɗakin karatun karatu da aka karɓa.
Daga farkon aiki a kan marubucin, sun yi magana a matsayin Jagora wanda ya san yadda za a isar da hotunan mata mai haske mai ban tsoro tare da balagaggen makoma. Kuma duk saboda, bayan labarin farko, mai haske, shiga cikin rikice-rikice "Lady Macbeth MtSensky County" da "Jarumi" ya fito. Leskov da fasaha ya shiga cikin da aka gabatar cikin duhu Strand na rayuwa mutum ɗaya da sarcasm, yana nuna salon salo, wanda daga baya gane nau'in tatsuniyar.
A cikin da'irar sha'awar bukatun, Nikolai Sermovich ma wasan kwaikwayo ne. Farawa daga 1867, marubucin ya fara kirkirar wasa don masu wasan kwaikwayo. Daya daga cikin shahararrun - "Patroster".
Leskov ya bayyana da babbar murya game da kansa kuma a matsayin marubuci. A cikin littattafan "babu komai", "mutuntaka", "a kan wukin" wadanda aka "yin ba'a, suna da sanarwar sanadin Rasha zuwa canjin canji zuwa canjin canji zuwa canjin canji zuwa canjin canji zuwa canjin canji zuwa canjin canji zuwa canji mai sauqi. Irin wannan kimantawa game da aikin marubucin bayan karanta littafin "a kan wukin" wanda aka bai waxim gadory:
"... Bayan muguntar littafin" a kan wukin ", aikin icocari na Leskov nan da nan ya zama zanen toka mai tsattsarkan da adali a Rasha."Bayan sakin litattafan almara, sukar tsarin mulkin Democrat, masu gyara na mujallu sun shirya makircin Leskov Boycot. Ban yi rashin yin aiki da marubucin ba kawai Mikhail Katkov, taken "Bulliyin Rasha", amma ba shi yiwuwa a yi aiki tare da wannan marubucin - dokokin banza.
Samfurin na gaba, wanda ya shiga cikin baitulmalin na yau da kullun, shine labarin Mastersan Masters "LevSsh". A ciki, salon fashion Leskov ya fashe da sababbin gefuna, marubucin ya yi kama da ainihin na asali, yana kwance akan juna abubuwan da suka faru, ƙirƙirar tsarin hadaddun. Game da Semunoe Semenovichichi ya yi magana a matsayin marubuci mai karfi.
A cikin 70s, marubuci ya sami sau da wuya sau wahalar. Ma'aikatar Gasar Sin ta sanya Leskov a matsayin mai binciken sabbin littattafai - ya warware, zaku iya tsallake wallafe-wallafen ga mai karatu ko a'a, kuma na karɓi albashi mai karatu a kansa. Bugu da kari, wani labari na gaba "unchelted wanderer" ƙaryata duk editors, ciki har da Katkova.
Wannan aikin marubucin ya yi tunanin a matsayin madadin mahimmin labarin. Labarin ya haɗu da makircin da ba a haɗa ba, kuma ba a gama ba. Siffar "Kyauta" ta karye a cikin Fluff da ƙura, da Nikolai Servich dole ne ya buga scraps na buga abin da ya shafi littattafansa.
A nan gaba, marubucin ya nemi ƙirƙirar haruffa ingantattu. Daga ƙarƙashin gashin tsuntsu, tarin labaran "masu adalci", wanda ya haɗa da zane "mutum a agogo", "adadi" da sauransu. Marubucin ya gabatar da kai tsaye ga mutane kai tsaye, jayayya cewa kowa ya sadu da kowa. Koyaya, masu sukar da abokan aiki sun yarda da aiki tare da sarcasm. A shekarun 1980, masu adalci sun sami halayen addini - Leskov ya rubuta game da jarumai na Kiristanci na farko.
A faɗuwar rana, Setovich Setovich sake sake juya zuwa qaddamar da farfado, sojoji, wakilan ikkilisiya, suna ba da littattafan kwararru "," Bugago ". Kuma ko da a wannan lokacin, Lower ya rubuta labarai don karatun yara, wanda ya yi farin ciki ya ɗauki masu gyara mujallu.
Daga cikin Geniuses na wallafe-wallake, daga baya mashahuri daga Nikolai na Nikolai na Nikolai Leskov. Zaki Tolstoy ya dauke wani abu daya daga zurfin '' yasan marubucin Rasha ", da Ivan Turgenev da Anton Chekhov sun gina masu jagoranci.
Rayuwar sirri
Ta hanyar ka'idojin karni na 19, rayuwar Setenovich ba ta ci nasara ba. Marubucin ya sami nasarar shiga karkashin kambi sau biyu, kuma na biyu tare da matar farko ta farko.
Leskov yayi aure da wuri, a 22nd. Olga Smirnova, magada na Kievan kasar Kiev ya zama zababbu. A wannan aure, 'yar Vera da ɗan Mori, wanda ya mutu kadan da aka haife shi. Matar ta sha wahala a cikin cutar pyche kuma sau da yawa ana samun sa a cikin asibitin Petersburg na St. Nicholas.
A gaskiya, a zahiri, ya rasa matarsa auren auren auren auren auren tare da Catherine Bubnova, lokacin shekaru da yawa. A shekara ta 1866, Leskov ya zama uba a karo na uku - ɗan Andrei ya bayyana ga duniya. A kan wannan layin a shekarar 1922, makomar makomar Tatiana Leskov ta haifi ballet din Tatiana Leskov ta haifi, marubucin marubucin "an lalata yawo a cikin". Amma tare da Matar ta biyu, Servenovich bai samu ba, bayan shekaru 11, an raba ma'aurata.
Leskov ya bi sawun masu cin ganyayyaki, ba za a iya kashe dabbobi ba saboda abinci. Mutumin da aka buga wata kaso wanda Viganov ya rarrabe a cikin zangon biyu - waɗanda ke cin nama, da waɗanda suke baƙin ciki marasa laifi. Da kansa ya ambata na ƙarshe. Marubucin sun yi kira ga ƙirƙirar littafin dafa abinci don mutanen da ke da sha'awar Rasha, wanda zai haɗa da girke-girke na "Green" daga samfuran da ake samarwa ga Russia. Kuma a cikin 1893 irin wannan littafin ya bayyana.
Mutuwa
Nikolay Leskov ya sha wahala duk rayuwarta daga Asta, a shekarun da ya faru da cutar da cutar ta tsananta, harin wanda ya sa ya fara faruwa sosai.
A ranar 21 ga Fabrairu (a ranar 5 ga Maris, a kan sabon salo) na 1895, marubucin ba zai iya jimre wa mummunan cutar ba. Bied Nikolai Seremovich a St. Petersburg a kan makabartar Volkovsky.
Littafi daya
- 1863 - "Rayuwar mace daya"
- 1864 - "Lady Macbeth MtSensky County"
- 1864 - "Babu inda"
- 1865 - "fita"
- 1866 - "Islanders"
- 1866 - "Jarumi"
- 1870 - "A kan wukake"
- 1872 - "Sobira"
- 1872 - "Mala'ika imped"
- 1873 - "Rubuta wanderer"
- 1874 - "mamaki"
- 1881 - "Lefty"
- 1890 - "Zane DETL"