Tari
Alexander Fadeev marubuci ne mai kwarewa, wanda ya ba wa wallafe-wallafe-russian-magana "matasa tsaro". Wannan labari game da ft na matasa 'yan kwaradane ya zama sanannen aikin marubucin, kodayake, Fadeev yana da' yan ayyuka mafi dacewa. Bugu da kari, Fadeev a cikin rayuwarsa da aka sani da shugaban marubutan na USSR da Babban Editan LITTAFIN. Abin takaici, a cikin tarihin tarihin marubucin, duk da ƙauna da girmama masu karatu, ba komai ya faru sosai.Yaro da matasa
An haifi marubucin nan gaba a ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1901 a cikin gari da ake kira Kimra (a cikin yankin Tver). Mahaifin Fadeeva - Alexander Ivanovich - A cikin ƙwararren ya ɗauke ra'ayoyin juyin juya hali, a sakamakon wanda da sauri ya fadi cikin filin kula da canza wurin zama. Don haka, da zarar ya samu kansa a St. Petersburg, inda bayan jerin fanni da ɗaurin kurkuku a wani labarin siyasa ya ganta tare da Antonina Kunz, wanda daga baya ya yi aure.
Alexander Fadeev ya dade da ɗan da ake so. Iyaye sun tsunduma cikin difloma da ɗanta, tare da babba Tatiana. Hakanan, Fadeyev ya kasance dan uwan Vladimir. Karamin Sasha ya koya a farkon karatu kuma ba da daɗewa ba lokacin sa tare da tomoms Jack London, Phoenimor Cooper, Jules Verne. Kuma bayan wani lokaci, yaron ya riga ya bugi iyaye da tatsuniyoyi na fari da labarun da aka rubuta ta daban.
Hakanan, iyaye sun yi ƙoƙarin kafa yara masu daraja don aiki. Yara sun taimaki Iyaye mata a cikin tattalin arziƙi, durƙusa yadda ake dinka makullin da kulawa da lambun. Daga baya, marubucin tare da dumi zai tuna wannan lokacin.
A cikin 1910, iyayen sun aika da Alexander zuwa Vladivostok, zuwa gaugaye. A can, saurayin ya shiga makarantar kasuwanci kuma nan da nan ya zama mafi kyawun ɗalibin akan hanya. A lokaci guda, Fadeev farko ya buga samfuran nasa na alkalami a cikin wata jaridar ɗalibi har ma an karɓi lambobin yabo da waƙoƙi. Kuma don samun kuɗi akan abinci da taimakon Aunt, Alexander Fadeev ya yi aiki a matsayin malamai, yana taimakawa ɗaliban lagging wajen koyan difloma.
Duk da nasarorin da aka samu a cikin karatun, Diploma Fadeev bai karba ba: A 1918, saurayin ya shiga cikin juyin juya halin jam'iyyar kuma ya zama memba na kungiyar Bolshevik. Alexander Fadeev har ma ya halarci matakin da ke Supermires da fararen masu gadi kuma ya ji rauni yayin tashin hankali a cikin Konstadt. Aiwatar da juyin juya halin ya tafi Moscow, inda ta kasance ta rayu.
Litattafai
Labarin farko na Alexander Fadeva ya sami sunan "zube". Aikin duk da cewa an buga shi, amma bai haifar da sha'awar masu karatu ba. Amma gwaji na gaba na gashin tsuntsu Fadeyev shine labari "- ya zama alama ga Alexandrovich.
An gina wannan makircin wannan aikin, ba shakka, a kusa da abubuwan da suka faru na yakin basasa da kuma rikice-rikicen "ja" da "fari". An buga labarin a cikin 1923 kuma nan da nan ya kawo wani shahararren wani shahararren Nakariya. A lokaci guda Alexander Fadev, fentin ta ɗaukaka na farko, yanke shawarar sadaukar da rayuwar kerawa kuma ya zama marubuci mai sana'a.
Babban manyan kayan aikin Alexander Fadeyev zai zama babban aikin a rayuwar marubucin. Muna magana ne game da littafin Ayuba "Matasa mai gadi", don aiki wanda Alexandrovich ya fara nan da nan bayan ƙarshen yaƙin mai kishin ƙasa.
An san cewa wahayi ne ga Alexandrovich shi ne aikin 'yan jaridar Vladimir Lyascovsky da Mikhail Kotov ya kira "zuciyar ƙarfin ƙarfin hali". Wannan littafin, kamar sabon labari "Youngan matasa mai zuwa," Fadakar da ft na 'yan wasan Soviet waɗanda ba su ji tsoron ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar ɓangare na ƙasa ba.
A shekara ta 1946, an buga "matasa tsaro". Masu karatu sun hadu da labari mai farin ciki, amma jagoranci jam'iyyar ya rage da wani littafi. Gaskiyar ita ce, bisa ga iko, Alexander Fadeev a shafukan "Matasa mai tsaro" bai isa jaddada da muhimmancin Jam'iyyar Kwaminis a cikin rayuwar gwarzon ba. An yi wa marubucin da irin wannan jawabai, Fadeev ya jaddada cewa ya rubuta aikin damfara, amma abin soyayya wanda ya hadu.
Duk da haka, sabon labari dole ne ya sake. A cikin 1951, sigar na biyu na "matasa mai tsaro" an buga shi sosai kuma cike da jadawalin kwaminisanci da furofagagago na tsarin mulki. Siffar ta biyu na littafin ba shi da aminci, kuma "matasa tsaro" ya kasance a cikin karatun makarantar.
A cikin layi daya tare da aikin kirkira, Alexander Fadeev ya yi aiki a cikin marubutan marubutan, kuma tun daga 1946 ya lura masa. Bugu da kari, a cikin shekaru daban-daban, marubucin ya kasance memba memba a kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU kuma Mataimakin Rana.
A shekarar 1946, Alexander Fadeev ya goyi bayan hukuncin da ba a warware matsalar Andira Zhdanov, a kan cewa aikin Anna Akhmatova, Andrei Platonkova, Andrei Plantav, a zahiri. Bugu da kari, kasancewa shugaban kungiyar marubutan, Fadeev ya kamata ya gano cewa da nassoshin wadannan marubutan ba za a buga.
Bayan shekaru biyu, Alexander Fadeev an tattara shi don taimakawa Mikhail Zeshcheno, wanda aka bar ba tare da dinari ba, da Andrei Plateov, wanda aka bukace shi ya kula da shi. Irin waɗannan yarjejeniyar ba sa hutawa ga ran Marubiyama: Fadeev ya fara shan wahala, ya sha wahala daga baƙin ciki ko rashin jin daɗi "daga ɗayan masu sanyin jiki. Abin baƙin ciki, muguwar jaraba na marubucin a ƙarshen ya shugabantar da shi.
Rayuwar sirri
Alexander Fadeev ya auri sau biyu. Valery Gerasimova ya zama shugaban farko da marubucin, marubuci ma. Fadeev rayuwar mutum da Gerasimova bai yi aiki ba, kuma wannan aure da zaran ya watsar.
A shekara ta 1936, Fadeev ya yi aure a karo na biyu. Mata na biyu na marubucin, mai zane na Angelina Steanova, ya ba 'ya'yan Alexander da Mikhail.
Hakanan an san cewa an haifi marubucinsa Maryamu Mariya, mahaifiyar wacce ta kasance ɗan jarida kuma POETESS Aliger.
Mutuwa
Rayuwar marubucin ya ƙare da gangan. A ranar 13 ga Mayu, 1956, Alexandrovich ya harbe kansa. Fadeva samu a cikin gidan bazara a Peredelkino. Dalilin da ya tura marubucin a kan mummunan mataki zai yi amfani da jarabar giya. Hakanan an san Alexander Fadeev ya fara shirya kisan gilla a cikin 'yan kwanaki: ya haifar da odar takarda, ya rubuta wasiƙu na ƙarshe.
Ofayansu - harafin zuwa babban kwamitin CPSu - aka sanya jama'a kawai a shekarun 1990s. A ciki, marubucin ya zargi shugabannin jam'iyyar da ke da, a cikin musamman, an lalata shi ta hanyar takaddar, karya da nuna. Kuma wannan, a cewar Fadeev, ya hana shi ma'anar rayuwa da girmama kanta a matsayin shugaban kungiyar marubuta.
A cikin wannan wasika, Alexander Alexandrovichich ya tambaye shi ya binne shi kusa da grate mahaifiyar. An yi wannan bukatar: Kabari na marubucin yana kan makabartar Novodevichy na Moss.
Bayan haka, masu antsalin da ke hade da mutuwar Alexander Fadeeva akai-akai bayyana a cikin Latsa. An gano mutane, haƙĩƙa an kashe marubucin. Koyaya, babu sigar ba ta sami tabbacin hukuma ba.
Daga baya littafin "Youngan tsaro" daga baya aka cire shi daga shirin makarantar, amma har yanzu wannan littafin ya mamaye gawar wasu masu karantawa da ke bayyana abubuwan da suke karantawa. .
Littafi daya
- 1923 - "zube"
- 1926 - "Mirgine"
- 1929 - "Hanyar tabo na wallafe-wallafe"
- 1929-1941 - "Na karshe Udege"
- 1945 - "Matashi mai tsaro"
- "Black Metallgy" (Nooco ba ya ƙare)