Tari
King Heinrich VIII Dokokin Ingila a cikin karni na XVI. Ya zama sarauta ta biyu daga daular Tudor. Sanannu ne ga auransa da yawa, saboda ɗayansu ya yi tawaye da cocin Katolika, saboda haɗin da papacy kuma ya zama shugaban cocin Anglican.
Sarki ya sha wahala daga rikice-rikicen tunani da kuma ta karshen mulkinsa bai rarrabe tsakanin abokan adawar na zahiri ba, da kuma inda ake hango hasashe. Bayan gyaran Ingilishi ya sanya Ingila ƙasar. Tasirinsa a ƙasar har yanzu ji. An bayyana rayuwar mai mulki a cikin manyan litattafai goma, fina-finai da serials.
Yaro da matasa
Heinrich VIII an haife shi a Yuni 28, 1491 a Greenwich, Ingila. Ya zama ɗan ukunsu na uku a cikin gidan Sarkin Elizabeth Vizoreth. Kakardansa ta shiga saurayin - Lady Margaret Weving. Ta bayar da damar dabi'u na ruhaniya ga gidan saurayin, halartar taro tare da shi da nazarin Littafi Mai Tsarki.Shekaru goma sha biyar sun mutu gwarzon dan uwan - Arthur. Shine wanda ya je wurin kursiyin, amma bayan rasuwarsa, Heinrich Viii ya zama mai aikin farko. Ya sami taken Yarima Welsh kuma ya fara shirya wa dutse.
Mahaifinsa Sarki Heinrich VII ya yi kokarin fadada tasirin Ingila da karfafa kawancen da Aragon, warin da 'yar dan'uwansa da mata. Babu tabbataccen da aka samu, amma akwai jita-jita cewa an sake halittar saurayin a kan wannan auren.
Jikin mai mulki
A cikin 1509, bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, ƙara goma sha bakwai henrich viii ya hau gadon sarauta. A cikin shekaru biyu na farko na sarautarsa, Richard Fox da William Warham sun shiga dukkan harkokin gwamnati. Bayansu, ikon ya wuce zuwa ga Taken Tobas, wanda bayan ya zama shugaban Ingila na Ingila. A bisa ga al'ada, saurayi ne bai iya yin mulkin kansa ba, saboda haka yayin da ya sami kwarewa da maqawa, gwamnatin gaske ta kasance cikin manyan al'amuran da ke cikin hannun Sarki Sarki da suka gabata a lokacin mulkin sarki.
A cikin 1512, Heinrich VIII ya lashe na farko a cikin tarihin sa. Ya shugabanci fatalwarsa a kan hanyar zuwa gabar Faransa. A can, rundunar sojan turanci ta bushe da Faransanci kuma dawo gida tare da nasara.
Gabaɗaya, yaƙi da Faransa ya kasance har zuwa 1525 tare da bambancin nasara. Monarch gudanar ya isa babban birnin na makiya kasar, amma nan da nan da soja taskar Ingila ya komai, kuma bãbu abin da ya kasance a gare shi, fãce a kammala da wani fahimtar juna. Ya dace a lura cewa sarki kansa ya bayyana a fagen fama. Ya kasance mai archet ya ba da umarnin dukkan bayinsa su yi sati daya don yin harbi a Luka.
Manufar kasar ta kasar ta kasance nesa da manufa. Heinrich Viei tare da dokokinsu sun lalata ƙananan ƙanana, sakamakon waɗanne dubun dubunta sun bayyana a Ingila. Don jimre da wannan matsalar, sarki ya ba da umarni "a yada labarai". Saboda shi, dubunnan tsoffin manya suka rataye.
Tabbas, mafi mahimmancin gudummawa ga ci gaban Ingila ita ce Ekon cocin. Saboda rashin jituwa da cocin Katolika tare da sakin sakin sarki tare da sakin sarki, gaba daya ya karya mahaɗin da papacacy. Bayan haka, sai ya gabatar da zargi na baranda a Paparoma - Clei Vii.
Ya kuma nada Archishop Cangerberber Crasser, wanda ya sauƙaƙe ya amince da ɗaurin Heinrich da Catherine ba shi da inganci. Ba da daɗewa ba sarki ya auri Anna BoLley. Ya ci gaba da kawar da Cocin Roman a Ingila. Duk haikuka, cocin cocin da majami'u sun rufe. An kwace duk kayan a cikin goyon bayan jihar, duk firistoci da masu wa'azin da aka kashe, kuma ba a cikin Turanci ba - ƙone. Ta wurin sarki ya buɗe, suka washe kaburburan tsarkaka.
A cikin 1540, Heinrich VIII KAZnill Thomas Croman, wanda ya kasance babban mataimaki ga sarki a cikin sake fasalin. Bayan haka, ya koma ga bangaskiyar Katolika kuma ya buga wani aiki na labarai shida, wanda ya goyi bayan majalisar ta Ingila. Dangane da aikin, duk mazauna na Mulkin da yakamata su kawo kyaututtuka yayin taro, tarayya, furta. Ya ba da umarnin bayin ruhaniya su kiyaye alƙawarin alama da sauran alkawuran monascon. Duk wadanda ba su yarda da dokar ba, sun kashe don cin hade.
Bayan da sarki ya zartar da matarsa ta biyar, sake sake yanke shawarar canza bangaskiyar cocin a Ingila. Ya hana ayyukan Katolika da kuma dawo da Furotesta. Abincin Heinrich VIII sun kasance masu daidaituwa da rashin illa, amma cocin Ingilishi mai zaman kanta daga Roma.
A karshen zamaninsa, Heinrich VIII ya zama mafi yawan mugunta. Masana tarihi sun ce yana da cutar cututtukan da ke rinjayar psyche-psyche - wanda ya sanya shi canzawa, mai zafi da mugunta. Ya zartar da duk wanda bai yi masa aure ba.
Rayuwar sirri
Sarki Turanci ya yi aure sau shida. Matar ta farko ta zaɓi mahaifinsa. Tare da Catherine Aragon, ya saki, ya bar ta taken ɗan'uwar macen. Dalilin saki shi ne cewa duk yara na Catherine sun mutu yayin daukar ciki ko kuma nan da nan. Tsarkakewa ya jagoranci 'ya mace - Maryamu, amma Heinrich ta Heinrich ta yi mafarkin Heir. A cikin 1553, 'yarsa ta zama sarauniyar Ingila ta farko, wacce aka sani a ƙarƙashin sunan Ja Maryamu.
Anna Bolein ya zama matar ta biyu ta sarki. Ta ki zama mahaifiyarsa, don haka sarki ya yanke shawarar kisan aure da Catherine. Anna ita ce ta yi wahayi zuwa Henrih Viii cewa sarkin yana da alhakin a gaban shi da kambi, da ra'ayin malamai a Rome kada su damu. Bayan haka, sarki ya yanke shawarar kan sake fasalin.
A cikin 1533, Anna ya zama matar halattacciyar shugaban kasa. A wannan shekarar, yarinyar ta zubar. Bayan watanni tara da suka biyo bayan bikin aure, Anna ya haifi Sarki Sarki Elizabeth. Dukkanin masu ba da ciki sun ƙare ba a yi nasara ba, kuma ya zama abin baƙin ciki a cikin matarsa. Ya zarge ta da ita ta hanyar cin nasara kuma ya kashe shi a cikin bazara na 1536.
Matar Henry Viii ya zama Freillina Anna - Jane Seymour. Bikin aure ya faru a mako guda bayan kisan matar aure na sarki. Ya kasance Jane wanda ya sami halartar sarkin Heir da dadewa a cikin 1537. Sarauniya ta mutu jim kadan bayan bayyanar Sonan saboda haske saboda rikicewar haihuwa.
Aikin na gaba ya zama hanya ta siyasa. Sarkin ya auri Anna Klevsky, 'yar Johann Iii Klevsky, wanda ya kasance Duke Duke. Heinrich ya yanke shawarar cewa zai fara ganin yarinyar sannan kawai sai a yanke shawara, don haka na umarci hotonta.
Anna bayyanar kamar sarki, kuma ya yanke shawarar yin bikin aure. Lokacin da suka hadu, amarya ta yi matuƙar ba ta son karkararsa, kuma ya yi ƙoƙarin kawar da matarsa da wuri-wuri. A cikin 1540, an soke aure saboda na karshe shiga yarinyar. Don gaskiyar cewa Aikin ya juya ya zama ba a samu nasara ba, wanda ya shirya shi kashe - Thomas Ctromwell.
A lokacin rani na 1540, Heinrich VIII ya auri 'yar uwarsa - Catherine Howard. Sarki ya ƙaunaci yarinya, amma bai san cewa tana da masoyi kafin bikin. Ta canza wurin sarki da bayan bikin. Hakanan, an lura da yarinyar dangane da matsayin PJ na jihar. A cikin 1542, Catherine da duk waɗanda suka kashe waɗanda suka kashe.
Ekaterina FR ya zama matar Yahaya da ta ƙarshe ta Sarki Turanci. Dan wasan na Ingilishi ya zama haduwa sau biyu kafin aure tare da sarkin. Ta kasance Furotesta da kuma ma'aurata sun sunkuyar da bangaskiya. Bayan mutuwar Heinrich VIII, ita ma har sau biyu tayi aure.
Mutuwa
Sarkin Ingila sun sha wahala daga cututtukan dozin. Kiba ta zama babbar matsalar ta. Ya fara motsawa ƙasa, wahalarsa ya wuce adadin 1.5. Ya motsa kawai da na'urori na musamman.
A lokacin farauta, Heinrich ya ji rauni, wanda daga baya ya kasance mai mutuwa. Lekari ya zubar da ita, amma bayan rauni, ƙafafun ya shiga cikin kamuwa da rauni, rauni ya fara ƙaruwa.
Likitocin da aka dumu da hannuwansu kuma sun ce cutar ta mutu. An yi wa rauni, an lalatar da yanayin sarki, da kuma halin ɗabi'arsa har yanzu suna da ƙarfi.
Ya canza yanayin ikonsa - kusan gaba ɗaya ya cire kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa, suna barin nama kawai. Likitocin suna da tabbacin cewa wannan daidai ne sanadiyyar mutuwar sarki a ranar 28 ga yamma, 1547.
Tunani
- 1702 - Statue a asibiti St. Bartholomew;
- 1911 - Fim ɗin "Heinrich Viii";
- 1993 - fim din "rayuwa ta sirri henry viii";
- 2003 - jerin "heinrich viii";
- 2006 - Romawa "gādon na irin jinƙai";
- 2008 - Fim "wani daga cikin irin bolain";
- 2012 - Littafin "Heinrich VIII da shida daga cikin matansa: tarihin Henry VIII tare da maganganun da Jaridar sa."