Tari
William Sydney Porter, wanda aka sani a cikin mahimmin magana game da kirkirar da aka kirkira, ya shahara sosai ga labarun cike da walwala da ba tsammani mai haske. Duk da kyakkyawan yanayin marubucin a shafukan labari, rayuwarsa tun lokacin yara ba sauki da baƙin ciki.
Bayan karni na, tsakanin maganganun lambar rubutu na O. Henry da masu sukar zamani, U. S. Porter ana ɗauka cewa matsayin matsananci da sarcasm. Kuma labarin "jagoran Redheads" Katin kasuwanci ne O. Henry - kuma kwata-kwata, ya kasance daga mafi mashahuri a duniya. Koyaya, ba wai kawai labarun ban dariya ba sun rubuta cewa William Porter - Bangon sanarwa "ganye na ƙarshe" ya zama samfurin rashin fahimta.
William da kansa bai dauki kansa baiwa ba, akasin haka, an bambanta marubucin da ladabi da aka ambata game da ayyukansa. Mafarkin halitta na Or. Henry shine halittar wani sabon labari mai cike da cikakken bayani, amma ba a ƙaddara ta cika ba.
Yaro da matasa
William Sydney Porter da aka haife shi a cikin gidan Dr. Algeronyon Sydney Porter da Mary Jane Varter Satumba 11, 1862. Iyayen marubuci na gaba sun yi aure a ranar 20 ga Afrilu, 1958, kuma bayan shekaru 7, mahaifiyar marubuci na gaba ya mutu daga cutar tarin fuka.
Shafin William da kayi shekaru 3 lokacin da na ologenon Sydney ya dauke shi ya rayu da kakarta. Ba da daɗewa ba, mahaifinsa, ba tare da murmurewa daga asarar matar sa ba, ya fara sha daga asarar 'ya'yanta da lokacin ba da kuma lokacin ba da kuma lokacinsa na har abada ".
Tun daga farkon yara, ba tare da ƙauna ta mahaifiya da kulawa ba, yaron ya sami ta'aziyya a cikin littattafan. William Karanta komai: Daga litattafansu zuwa litattafan mata. Ayyukan saurayin da aka fi so na saurayin larabawa ne na Shahryzada "dubunnan da dare ɗaya" da kuma nazari a cikin salon Baroque Robert Burton "a cikin kundin 3. Ayyukan da aka fi so a rubuce na matasa William yana da tasiri a kan aikin marubucin.
Bayan mutuwar mahaifiyar, da ɗan fari na william ya dauki 'yar'uwarsa mahaifinsa Evelina Maria Porter. Ya kasance wani inna wanda ya mallaki makarantar firamare ta sirri, wacce ƙauna ce ga adabi ga marubuci na gaba. Bayan da aka sami ilimin sakandare a makarantar Lindsie, William bai canza al'adun dangi ba kuma ya zauna don aiki a cikin kantin da ke cikin kawun. A cikin watan Agusta 1881, matasa mai karba ya sami lasisin magunguna. Ci gaba da aiki a cikin kantin magani, ya kuma nuna baiwa na halitta, zane hotunan 'yan ƙasa.
A cikin Maris 1882, William, William, ta gaji da tari mai gajiya, ya tafi Texas Likita, tare da cewa canjin yanayin James zai taimaka wa saurayi ya dawo da lafiya. Mai gabatarwa ya yi adawa da Richard Hall, Dakta James ta ɗa, a La. Richard ya yi fushi, kuma William ya taimaka wa baki Otara, da kuma kiyaye gonar a kan ranch har ma a shirya abincin dare.
A wannan lokacin, marubucin na gaba ya yi tunatar da ad dalilin Spanish da Jamusanci saboda sadarwa tare da ma'aikatan da suka yi ƙaura daga wasu ƙasashe. A lokacin kyauta, William Karanta wallafe-wallafe-gargajiya.
Ba da daɗewa ba halin lafiyar mai saiti ya inganta. A shekara ta 1884, wani saurayi ya tafi tare da Richard zuwa garin Austin, inda ya yanke shawarar zama ya zauna tare da abokan Richard, Joseph Harrell da Muransa. Parter ya zauna tare da Harrells na tsawon shekaru uku. A Austin, William ta samu aiki a kantin sayar da Magana Mobley a matsayin mai harhada magunguna, sannan ya koma kantin sayar da kayan masarufi. A wannan lokacin, William ya fara rubuta da farko saboda nishaɗi, sannan ya kara tafiya.
A wani ɗan gajeren lokaci, mai ɗaukar hoto ya canza wurare da wuraren aiki: saurayin ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kudi, mai lasisi, aljihu. Ya kasance a gidan Harrell wanda marubuci ne wanda ba shi da wani farkon litattafan farko da labarai.
Abokin aboki William Richard zauren ya zama kwamishinan Texas kuma ya ba da shawarar wani wuri daga mai tsaron gida. Marubucin na gaba ya fara a matsayin kwararrun masanin a cikin zane a cikin ƙasar Gwamnatin. Albashi ya isa ga dangin da ba sa bukatar wani abu, amma wani mutum a cikin layi daya ya ci gaba da yin rubutu cikin kirkirar rubutu a matsayin aikin wani lokaci.
A ranar 21 ga Janairu, 1891, William ya yi murabus, da nan bayan nasarar a zaben gwamnan Jim Hogga. Yin aiki da kwararrun masanin, William ya fara haɓaka haruffa da mãkirci don labarun "ƙudurin Georgia" da "Caste".
A lokaci guda, William ta samu aiki a wani banki wanda ya kasance a Austin, a matsayin mai lissafi da lissafi. Mai gabatarwa, a fili, a ba da cikakken littattafan lissafi, kuma a 1894 an zarge shi da almubazzaranci. William ta rasa aikinsa, amma bisa hukuma bai binciki shi a lokacin ba.
Bayan sallama, mai daukar hoto ya koma garin Houston, inda marubucin ya shigar da kansa ga kerawa. A lokaci guda, masu binciken Tarayya suka duba banki na Austin kuma sun sami ƙarancin, wanda ya jagoranci marubucin ya sallama. Daga nan sai aka binne shi, wanda ya yanke hukunci, ya kuma kama William da laifin almubazzaranci.
Mahaifin William ya yi ajiya don ceton ofan kurkuku. Kotun ta nada a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 1896, amma a gaban zaman kotu, william da ke da tasiri a hannun sabon Orleans, sannan kuma su yi honduras. William ya yi wata shida kawai, har zuwa watan Janairu 1897. A nan ya zama abokai da Al-Jennings, wani dan fashi da kwastomomi na jiragen kasa, wanda daga baya ya rubuta littafi game da abokantakarsu.
A cikin shekarar 1897, William ya koma Amurka, ya koya game da cutar matar sa. A ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu, 1898, an gudanar da wata kotu a kan wanda aka amince da marubucin da laifin kimanta $ 854.08 ya yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 5 a kurkuku. La'akari da cewa Porter ya kasance mai lasisi mai lasisi mai lasisi, ya sami damar yin aiki a asibiti don fursunoni a matsayin masu kantin na dare. An ba shi ɗakin mutum a cikin reshen asibiti, amma bai yi kwana a cikin sel na kurkuku ba.
A ranar 24 ga Yuli, 1901, don kyawawan halaye bayan da suka yi shekara uku, an sake shi kuma sun sake haduwa da 'yarsa. Don Uba mai shekaru 11 Margaret uba duk wannan lokacin yana kan tafiya kasuwanci.
Litattafai
Kwarewar farko na aikin rubutu na mai katin rubutu da aka karɓa a cikin 1880s kamar mai buga dutse mai ban dariya ", amma bayan shekara 1 ɗin ya daina samun isasshen kuɗi. Koyaya, wasiƙunsa da zane-zane sun jawo hankalin editan zuwa "Houston Post".
A shekara ta 1895, mai tsaron gida tare da danginsa sun koma Houston, inda ya fara rubuta don bugawa a cikin lokaci-lokaci. Kudinsa kawai $ 25 a kowane wata, amma an ƙara ƙaruwa, tun da sanannen aikin aikin marubuci ya karu. Masu fasali tattara ra'ayoyi don ayyukansa, tafiya a cikin otal din otal, kallo da magana da mutane. Ya yi amfani da wannan dabarar a cikin aikinsa.
Boye daga Honduras a Honduras a Hotel Trussivel, ya rubuta littafin "Sarakuna da kabad", a cikin abin da ya ƙirƙira kalmar "banana jamhuriya" don cancanci kasar. Bayan haka daga baya aka yi amfani da shi sosai don bayyana karamin ƙasa mara amfani tare da tattalin arzikin gona.
Bayan an kama shi, a cikin kurkuku, William ya rubuta wasu labaran nan 14 a karkashin daban-daban pseudonms. Daya daga cikin labarun, wato, da "Kirsimeti Sistuunna," Aka buga a batun mujallar McCLURE a 1899 a karkashin batun batun magana da shi. Abokin William a cikin New Orleans ya aiko da labaran sa zuwa ga masu buga kai saboda haka ba za su iya tunanin wani gidan kurkuku ba.
Mafi yawan halittun halittu masu amfani daga Portor ya fara ne a shekarar 1902, lokacin da ya koma New York. A nan marubucin ya kirkiro labarin 381. Fiye da wata shekara mako-kwata na O. Henry an buga shi a cikin batutuwan na New York Duniyar New York Lahadi. Wish, nau'in jarumai da kuma ya ba masu karatu da masu karatu, amma ana bi da su sau da yawa masu sukar da ke cikin aikin William sosai.
Rayuwar sirri
Kasancewa matashi na Bachelor, William ya jagoranci salon rayuwa a cikin takaice. An san shi da wit, ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da baiwa ta kiɗa: wasa guitar da kan mandolin. Bugu da kari, William ya rera shi a cikin Choir a Ikilisiyar Encopal na Cocin Quiscop of Cocin Quinet, "wani rukuni na matasa wadanda suka ba da karfin kide-kide.
A 1885, lokacin da booking da cornerston Capitol Capitol, Texas, da m William Porter hadu da Danna daga Estes - mai shekaru 17 na haihuwa yarinya daga wani arziki iyali. Mahaifiya a matsayin ƙungiyar matasa har ma da yaranta. Cook tare da William. Amma da zaran masu son soyayya tare da dangin esstes dangin aure coci na Rev. R. K. Surtor, Fastocin Cibiyar Presbyrensia.
Bayan bikin aure, matasa sukan halarci masana'antu da na atomatik, kuma Atol ne wanda ya kira mijinta ya ci gaba da rubutu. A cikin 1888, ATOL ya haifi yaro wanda ya rayu 'yan sa'o'i, kuma bayan shekara guda,' yar Margaret Wworth.
Bayan tuhumar mai tsaron gida a cikin barasa, William ya gudu daga Amurka zuwa Honduras, inda ya ci gaba da yin rubutu. Da farko, matan da suka shirya cewa Atol tare da 'yarsa nan da nan gaba da shi. Koyaya, halin lafiyar matar ba ta ba ta damar zuwa ta da wannan doguwar tafiya ba. Lokacin da William ya kai labarai cewa Atol din ya kasance rashin lafiya mai matukar illa, mai sa kai ya dawo da Austin a cikin Fabrairu 1897 kuma ka sallama ga masu gadi na tsari.
Watanni shida, mai ƙirar Atol ya mutu. Dalilin mutuwar mace ita ce tarin fuka, daga wanene mahaifiyar marubuci kuma ya mutu. A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙaunataccen matar matar, William ya bar hoto ne kawai, inda aka nuna marubucin tare da Atol da 'Yarsa Margaret.
A cikin 1907, Porter Murshid Sare (Sally) Lindsay Coleman, wanda ya fi son William har yanzu a cikin ƙuruciyarsa. Daga baya, sarah Lindsay Coleman ya bayyana sigar almara ta soyayya da kuma kula da William a cikin iskar Notla "na rabo". Wani adadin marubutan daga baya sun rubuta karin bambance bambancen tarihin rayuwar marubucin.
Mutuwa
A lokacin rayuwar William Porter yana da matsaloli da suka shafi shan giya, wanda ƙarshen rayuwar marubucin kuma bai yarda William da cikakken aiki ba. A shekara ta 1909, matar ta biyu ta Fuler Saratu ta bar shi, kuma a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1910, marubucin ya mutu. Dalilin mutuwar tashar tashar jirgin ruwa ta William ta zama Cirrhosis na hanta da ciwon suga.
Bayan shekaru 8, Babban Firayiminia na shekara-shekara don mafi kyawun labarin mai suna bayan O. Henry an kafa shi. Woody Allen, Sarki Stephen da sauran marubuta, sun zama masu mallakar ƙimar kuɗi. Kuma a cikin 2010, sabuwar kyautar rubutu mai suna bayan O. Henry da ake kira "Dara Volkhvov", wanda ya kasance takara na labarun da NoMisian a cikin mafi kyawun al'adun William. A cikin kasawarta, Nikolai Fomenko, yevgeny mammoth da wasu.
'Yar sanannen sanannen marubucin Margaret ya tafi a cikin zambiyoyin Uba. Yarinyar ta shiga ayyukan litattafai daga 1913 zuwa 1916. Bayan shekaru 11, Margaret ya mutu daga tarin fuka.
Littafi daya
- 1906 - "miliyan hudu"
- 1907 - "fitila mai ƙonewa"
- 1907 - "na yamma"
- 1908 - "noble jolong"
- 1908 - "muryar babban birni"
- 1909 - "Fate Titinan"
- 1909 - "don zaɓar daga"
- 1910 - "Takardar"
- 1910 - "Kasuwancin Kasuwanci"
- 1910 - shida bakwai
- 1910 - "a ƙarƙashin dutse mai kwance"
- 1910 - "ya rage" ko "jimla"