Tari
Tsananin shekaru na yakin duniya tare da Naziyanci ya taba kusan kowane iyali a Rasha. Mummunan zalunci na masu fasikanci sun haifar da ƙungiyar sansanonin taro, sansanon mutuwa. Daya daga cikin wadannan wuraren tarin tarin. Amma kamla da Soviet ɗin da za su iya tayar da tayar da hankali, ya halaka matsayin dubunnan fursunonin. Na dogon lokaci, The Feat na gwarzo ya kasance a cikin inuwa. Sai kawai a cikin shekaru da yawa na shekaru, tarihin tarihin Alexander Pichersky ya zama sananne.Yaro da matasa
A ranar 22 ga Fabrairu, 1909, an haife shi a garin Sasha a cikin garin Kerrecia - wani yaro wanda ya shirya ta matsayin rabo mai zaman kansa da alama ce ta juriya na Yahudawa.
Mahaifin yaron ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya, yana da asalin Yahudawa. A shekara ta 1915, dangi ya motsa zuwa Rostov-on-Don, wanda Alexander zai kasance dangi. A nan yaron ya ƙare tsakiyar ilimi na tsakiya da makarantu masu kidi.
Bayan makaranta, saurayin ya sami gidan lantarki a cikin shuka mai gyara na tururi, kuma ya sami babban ilimi, bayan kammala karatun daga Jami'ar Jihosa.
Daga cikin sauran abubuwa, ya kasance mai kirkirar kirki. A cikin kwanciyar hankali, ya jagoranci batun aikin zane-zane - da'irar ban mamaki.
Aikin soja
A gaban, Alexander Pucersky buga kwanaki na farko na yakin. A cikin Satumba 1941, Sojojin Soviet sun karbi taken Lieɓawa da ci gaba da yaki a zaman wani bangare na manyan bindigogi na 19 na Soviet Union.
A watan Oktoba ta 1941, Livieunant, tsakanin daruruwan dubbai, Vyazma sun kewaye shi. Ka'idodin kisan kai na tsaron gida na rundunar Sojojin Red Army ya jawo wa mutuwar rabin miliyan Soviet, kuma ba neman goyon baya ba.
Alexander da abokan aiki, ba tare da jefa wani kwamandan shugaba mai rauni ba, yayi kokarin karya ta hanyar yanayin fasikanci. Amma katako ya ƙare kamar sojojin da ke kan juriya. Daga qarshe, ga yakin Perersh ya ƙare da rauni da zaman talala.
A karshen cutar tare da typhoid da wahala mai murmurewa, a cikin 1942, tare da ragi hudu, mai yunkuri yana ƙoƙarin tserewa mai faɗa. Don irin wannan rashin biyayya, Soviet Buntar ya aika zuwa hukuncin Belorussia. Bayan haka, Pekersky ya fadi a sansanin Minack Makusanci na SS.
Bayyanar kamamar da ba ta daina asalin yahudawa ba. Koyaya, Minsk da gaske buɗe. Dangane da bayanan guda - tare da binciken likita, bisa ga wasu, bisa ga karkatar da halal-anti-semi. Hanya ɗaya ko wani, pechersk an kara kaifi a cikin abin da ake kira "" Sai Bayahude ce "- ginanniyar ba tare da tushen haske ba.
Kuma a ranar 18 ga Satumba, Alexander, tare da wasu Yahudawa, sun aika zuwa ga kabarin da aka lalata - Sobibor, wurin, daga inda aka dawo da wanda ya dawo.
Tawaye a cikin SOBIBOR
Sobibor na biyun sun shiga sansanonin mutuwa. Ba kamar sauran ba, an gina shi kawai tare da manufa ɗaya kawai - da wuri-wuri ne ya halaka Yahudawa sosai. Fursunoni sun zo ne anan taron, kuma a cikin sa'ar farko rauni ya tafi dakin da gas. Waɗanda ke da ba'a, sun ɗan ɗan lokaci kaɗan. An yi amfani da su da aiki, amma ba wanda zai ci abinci.
Pechersky ya shiga cikin tarin kuma nan da nan ya fahimci cewa wurin tikiti daya ne. Sauran fita, sai dai ba a ƙaddara a nan ba. Sannan ya yanke shawarar kokarin gudanarwa. Girgizar ta saba kawai ba zata haifar da komai ba. Yunƙurin sun riga sun ja da shi. Wajibi ne a tsara tashin hankali da fursunoni suka hadu suka lalata yawancin mahara. Wannan ita ce kawai damar ajiye. A kowane hali, har yanzu babu makawa, bari ya cancanci cancanta.
A lokacin ƙungiyar tawaye, Pechersky ya kwashe makonni uku a cikin zango. Amma ya rinjayi yawancin fursunoni. An samo bitocin dinki a cikin zango, a cikin abin da aka sanya suttura don shugabannin Nazis. Akwai yanke shawarar tafarkin kyawawan riguna masu tsada waɗanda suka zo tare da ɓangare na gaba na fursunoni, kuma su ci gaba da abokan hamayya, hanya daya, da makaman da aka sassaka.
A ranar 14 ga Oktoba, 1943, Annabci sun fara aiwatar da shirin. A mataki na farko, yana yiwuwa a rushe 11 nazis da kuma masu gadi da dama na Ukrainian da suka taimaka wa masu fasikanci. Sayar da makamai, an sake amfani da fursunoni a zahiri zuwa dolt da 'yancin da ake so, ta hanyar shimfida hanya zuwa Comarrades.
A cikin duka, akwai fursunoni 550 a cikin zango. Mutane 130 mutane sun yi rauni sosai ko kuma suka tsorata kuma sun ƙi shiga tserewa. Kashegari aka hallaka su. A yayin tashin hankali, mutane 80 aka kashe, kuma wani 170 samu an kashe shi a cikin gandun daji da gundumomi.
Wani ɓangare daga cikin masu tsira daga Marcander Pekersky ya jagoranci Belorussia, inda ya shiga Pan Parteran Degechment na shchors. An san hakan da ƙarshen yakin da suka rayu da tsofaffin fursunoni 53 suka ceta ta Sashko Pichersk.
Nazis, ya kasa tsira da kunya, ka ƙidaya tashar jiragen ruwa da ƙasa kuma ya fasa sansanin gonar. Ana tunatar da hotunan tsoffin hotuna kawai game da wanzuwar wurin mutuwar shafin farko na fursunoni.
Mai shirya ya fito na tashin-sama da ya kasance a gaban kusan har zuwa ƙarshen yakin. Da farko, kamar yadda fursuna ya zo a tsaye. Kuma ya jikkata shi, ya yi watanni hudu a asibiti kuma ya kasance nakasassu.
Rayuwar sirri
A lokacin jiyya a Asibitin soja, gwarzo ya sadu da matar matar Olga ta gaba. Bayan yakin, ma'aurata biyu suka koma ga ɗan ƙasa zuwa Alexander Rostov-on-Don, inda ya ciyar da sauran rayuwarsa. Ma'auratan da aka haifa 'yar' yar, kuma daga baya jikan ya bayyana.
Feenchesky ya yi shuru a cikin ƙasarsa. A cikin 1987, fim ɗin "tserewa daga Sobbor" ya zo ga allon duniya. Matsar da mai tsara mai yawan tashin hankali ya yi ta hanyar Rutger Hauer. Hoton ya zama mai ban mamaki, kuma Hauer ya sami "zinare duniya" don aikin Sashko Pichersk. A matsayinsa na Soviet na wannan lokacin, gwarzon yaƙe-yaƙe a farkon fim din kasashen waje ba a sake shi ba. Ana shigar da Pichersk don sanin jarumawan Isra'ila a cikin Isra'ila, abin tunawa ga Sasko a can.
A Rasha, karamin littafin Tunawa da gwarzon dan wasan "ya zama mai nasara ga rashin mutuwa" aka buga. A tsakiyar dubun dubun, Alexander Pichersky aka shirya. Konstantin Karki Indky, ya cire fim din a matsayin darakta, cire fim din "Sobibor" game da babban foory da karfin gwiwa, wanda ya zo don yin hayar a watan Mayun 2018.
Mutuwa
Alexander Pichersky bai zama a 1990 ba. Kulle shekaru 80, Alexander Aronovich ya bar rayuwarsa a garinsu akan Don. An kuma binne shi a cikin hurumi na Arewa.
Aian bayan mutuwar jarumawan fursuna na waka, a cikin 2007, wanda abin tunawa poque ya bayyana a gidan da ya rayu. A shekara ta 2015, a girmama pechersk, an mai suna titin wani birni mai suna. A ƙarshe, a cikin 2016, jikanyar gwarzo ya karɓi daga hannun shugaban da ya girmama shekaru da yawa da suka gabata a cikin zangon mutuwar umarnin ƙarfin hali.
Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da lambobin yabo
- 1951 - Lambar Sama'ila don Yarisi "
- Lambar yabo ta "nasara a kan Jamus a cikin babban yakin mai kishin 1941-1945."
- 2013 - "oda na cancanta ga Jamhuriyar Poland"
- 2016 - "oda na ƙarfin hali"
- 2007 - shigar da plaque na Memorial a gidan Alexander Pichersky
- 2012 - Daya ga Alexander Pechersky a cikin Tel Aviv
- 2014 - Budewar tauraron dan wasan a kan tauraron dan wasa Rostov-on-Don - Don »
- 2015 - Inar da Alexander Pichersk, mai suna a cikin Rostov-on-Don
- 2016 - Inar da Alexander POCERSKTKY NORTE A CIKIN KRERDHTHG
- 2018 - A cikin girmamawa na Alexander Pichersky sunaye a cikin Moscow