Tari
Ain Rand - marubuci na Amurka daga Rasha. Rusta Res Alice Zinovivna Rosenbaum. Mai karatu ya san da litattafan "Atlant madaidaiciya ya daidaita kafada", "tushen", "muna rayuwa". Mace ita ce mahaliccin koyarwar falsafa. Da zarar ta zo Amurka tare da dala hamsin a cikin aljihun sa da injin buga a cikin duniya, kuma a yau mafi yawan cirbirin da ya wuce miliyan 30.Yaro da matasa
Alice da aka haife shi a cikin dangin Yahudawa a St. Petersburg. Mahaifinta Zalman-Wolf (Zinoviy Zakharoa) RosenBum ya yi aiki a matsayin magunguna. Mahaifiyar Khan Berkovna (Anna Boriisovna) Kaplan ta kasance masanin fasaha. Alice tana da 'yan'uwa mata biyu - Natalia da Nora. Kakana Kakana A Kakana kan mahaifiyar sun kasance masu wadatar mutane a cikin birni. Berka Izkovichlan mallakar babban kamfani ne don dinka tufafi don sojoji, da Rosalia Pavlovna ya yi aiki a fagen magunguna.
Da farko, mahaifin yarinyar ita ce mai kula da kantin magani, amma a 1914 ya zama maigidanta. Iyalin sun zauna a wani gida mai sarari dama sama da wannan kantin magani.
Alice da aka samu cikin wadata, a cikin sanyin wasan motsa jiki mai suna Stalanina. A 4, ta koyi karatu, a cikin shekarun makaranta Muryar budurwa ta fara rubuta labarun farko. A shekara 9, ta fahimci cewa a nan gaba tana mafarkin zama marubuci. Yarinyar ta ga wahayi na danginta a lokacin juyin juya halin sa na Fabrairu kuma ji cewa sikelin matsalar a watan Oktoba.
A shekara ta 1917, mahaifinta ya zabi kantin magani, kuma dangi ba su da isarwa, sai dai don motsawa a wannan lokacin a Crimea. Alice ta yi karatu daga makarantar sakandare a Evpatoria. Amma da sannu bolsheviks ya isa can.
Lokacin da yarinyar ta kasance 16, dangi suka dawo wurin St. Petersburg. Alice ta shiga Jami'ar Petrograd a cikin goyon bayan zamantakewa. An tsara horo na tsawon shekaru 3, baiwa ta haɗin gwiwar kimiya uku a sau ɗaya - tarihi, dama da Pholy. A lokacin ne ta saba da ayyukan Nietzsche, wanda yake da babban tasiri a kan matasa. A cikin 1924, ta sauke karatu daga jami'a. Kodayake akwai sigar cewa yarinyar ta yi tsada saboda asalinsa.
Ba abin mamaki bane cewa a cikin ayyukan Ain Rand, batun siyasa ya wuce cikin jan zare. Yawancin jarumarta da yawa sun yi yaƙi da ƙasashen sarki ko a kan kwaminisancin kwaminisanci.
Litattafai
A shekarar 1925, aikin farko na Alice Rosenbaum an buga - "Paulgri", tarihin hanyar kirkirar harkar fim. A wannan shekarar, yarinyar ta karbi takardar izinin Amurka da hagu a Amurka. Da farko, na zauna tare da dangi a Chicago. Amma bayan rabin shekara ya koma Los Angeles.
Yarinyar kusan ba ta jin Turanci ba, daga dukiyar ta tana da karamin akwati tare da kayan mutum da injin da aka buga. Da zaran ta shiga ƙasar Amurka, ta yanke shawarar daukar lamuni. Sunan da ta zaɓi mai sauƙi - Ain, kuma ba suyi tunanin sunan mahaifi na dogon lokaci ba, ɗauki sunan alama ta alama ta akwatin da aka buga "Remington Rand".
Iyayenta sun kasance a Rasha, a leenrad. Sun mutu yayin toshe garin yayin yakin duniya na II. 'Yar uwarta ta Natalia ta mutu a 1945, amma Nora a gayyatar da aka yi hauhawa ga Amurka. Gaskiya ne, ba da daɗewa matar ba ta koma Tarayyar Soviet ta Tarayya kuma ta zauna a Lengerad zuwa ga mutuwa - har zuwa 1999.
A cikin Amurka, Alice ta zo ba tare da hannaye ba komai, a Rasha ta rubuta hudu cikakken farashi na sama. Saboda haka, burinta ya isa Hollywood. Koyaya, nan da nan za ta fara aiki a Hollywood ta hanyar ƙididdiga. Amma yanayinta sun ƙi. A cikin 1927, fim na fim, wanda Ain Rand yayi aiki, a rufe. Mace ta yi aiki a matsayin mai jira, mai siyarwa, kayan siyarwa.
A shekara ta 1932, ta yi nasarar sayar da yanayin kamfanin na kamfanin fim na Unional. Aikinta mai taken "Red Pawn" an saya akan $ 1500. Kuma a wancan lokacin adadi ne mai kyau. Kudaden da aka karba ya ba da izinin AYN Rand don mai da hankali kan littattafai.
A shekara ta 1933, ta gama rawar da ta fara "shaidar alkalumi." An ma saka ta, amma mai kallo bai yi amfani da nasara ba, don haka ba da daɗewa ba za a cire shi daga sauƙin ba.
A shekara ta 1934, Ain ya kammala aikin a kan littafin labari "Muna - Rayuwa", wanda ya gaya game da Russia Rasha. Bai kasance ba face jawabin gwamnati na marubuci na marubuci a kan kwaminisanci. An rasa littafin a cikin 1936, R R R a biya $ 100 don shi. A cikin shekarar saki, sabon labari bai sami nasarar kasuwanci ba. A shekara ta 1937, an buga littafin a Burtaniya.
Sannan Rand ya shiga cikin rubuta littafin labari "tushe". Ta kirkiro wannan samfurin kamar shekaru 4. Wani lokacin marubucin ya ba da umarnin da ke cikin injin da ke bayan wani injin buga na tsawon awanni 30, ba tare da katse kowane barci ko abun ciye-ciye ba.
Amma sakamakon ya cancanci hakan, masu sukar ya yaba da "Source", littafin 26 ya tafi jerin sunayen bayi na kasa. Kodayake farko duk wanda ya ƙi buga rubutun. Wasu sun ce aikin ma rigima ne, mai hankali kuma ba a tsara shi ga jama'a ba. Kuma kawai mai buga "Bobbs Meryl kamfanin" sun yarda da buga littafin Rand.
A shekara ta 1949, an cire fim a cikin Hollywood a cikin Hollywood, babban halin - kammala mutumin Howard Rork - Kunna Gary Cooper. Tabbas, nasarar wannan aikin ya haifar da Ain Rand don aiki sosai. Kuma a cikin 1957, ta buga babban littafinsa - "Atlant ya daidaita kafada." Ta yi aiki akan aikin har shekara 12.
A cikin littafin, ta ruwaito game da 'yanci, son kai da munafunci na zamani, game da kyawawan dabi'u. Dangane da binciken Atlant, kafadu suna aiki a wuri ne na biyu bayan Baibul a cikin jerin litattafan da ke da babban tasiri ga jama'ar Amurkawa.
Lokacin da littafin ya zama mabubale, an sake buga matukan marubucin. Misali, sabon labari "Muna da rai." Gaskiya ne, marubucin ya yi wasu gyare-gyare zuwa rubutun. A cewar ta, kadan. A yau, bugu na farko na littafin littafi ne babba da daraja.
Bayan shigar da hasken Atlanta, Ayn Rand ya rubuta ne kawai littattafan abubuwan da aka ciki. Ta ba sauran rayuwarsa ga koyarwar falsafar ta.
Rayuwar sirri
A karon farko da ke Rebenwaium ya fada cikin soyayya tare da St. Petersburg. Abin da ya samu shine LEV Borisovich - kammala karatun cibiyar fasaha na Leningrad na fasaha. Shine wanda ya zama jigon Leo Kovalensky a cikin aikinta "muna da rai." An harbe Beckerman a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 1937.
Sau ɗaya a kan saiti, matar ta ga aikin ɗan wasan da aka ɗansa ɗan acconnor. Bayan ta ce ya kasance kyakkyawa. A cikin 1929, sun yi aure. Kuma a cikin 1931, Ayn Rand Rand ya karbi zama ɗan ƙasa na Amurka. Da mijinta, sun rayu cikin aure har mutuwarsa. Mutumin ya mutu a 1979.
A cewarta, matar ta zama aboki na aminci, edita da abokin tarayya a rayuwa. Gaskiya ne, ba ta tsoma baki tare da saurayi lover Brandon, ya ba da falsafar ta kuma mai bi marubuci ne. Saurayin ya kasance ƙarami Rand tsawon shekaru 24. Abin lura ne cewa Frank ya sani game da wannan haɗin, saboda ta dauki shekaru 13.
Mutuwa
Ain Rand ya mutu a ranar 6 ga Maris, 1982 a gidansa a New York. Dalilin mutuwarta ita ce gazawar zuciya. An binne mace a Kesenco hurumi.
Tun da ba ta da yara, ta koyar da Leonard Paikoff. Shekaru 3 bayan mutuwar marubucin, mutumin ya kafa "Cibiyar Ain Rand: Cibiyar Ci gaban Ciniki".
Littafi daya
- 1934 - "manufa"
- 1936 - "Muna raye"
- 1938 - "wauta"
- 1943 - "Source"
- 1957 - "Atlant ya daidaita kafada"
- 1958 - "Art na almara. Mai jagora ga marubutan da masu karatu "
- 1964 - "Girma na EGOm"
- 1969 - "Romantic manifesto"
- 1979 - "Gabatarwa ga Epistemory Mata"