Tari
Jean Calvin - Jagoran Tarayyar Faransanci, daga cikin wakilan gyarawa, da Fallasher, da wanda ya kafa koyarwar nasa, da ake kira "Calvinism". Rayuwar wannan mutumin ba mai sauki bane, amma mahimmancin ra'ayi da aminci ga ra'ayoyinsu sa Jean Calvin wani adadi sananne na wannan lokacin.Yaro da matasa
An haifi masana tauhidi na gaba da kuma mai mai canji a ranar 10 ga Yuli, 1509 a cikin dangin Katolika mai kyau. City ƙasar Kalvin, ita ce birnin annabi Uayon, wanda yake a arewacin Faransa. Mahaifin ɗan ya samu nasara mai ban sha'awa a matsayin Sakataren Bishop na gida, da kuma mai gabatar da kara na masana'antu.
Mahaifiyar Jean ta mutu tun yana yaro, mahaifinsa kuma ya rasa lokacin girbi ɗan'uwansa. Saboda haka, an ba Jean a karkashin kiyaye iyali guda daya, inda ya karbi kayan ilimin ilimi da kuma daukar manyan al'amura.
Yana da shekara 14, Jean Calvin a cikin sa zuciyar mahaifinsa ya tafi zuwa Paris don koyon ikon da ya dace da rashin lafiyar mutane. A cikin shekarun binciken, saurayi podnataroval cikin yaren yaruka kuma ya zama mai magana da hankali. Fewan daga baya saurayin har ya dogara don karanta wa'azin a ɗayan cocin Parishes. Bayan haka, kai yawancin yawancin, Calvin (kuma, bayan, bin nufin Uba) ya ci gaba da ilimi.
A wannan lokacin, saurayin ya fara fahimtar hikimar hukunta-hukuncensa, kuma ya kammala karatunsa, ya koma Orleans, inda ya shiga cikin daliban zuwa sanannen lauya Pierre. Duk da wata babbar nasarar a wannan filin da kuma kyakkyawan yabo na shahararrun masanan, nan da nan bayan mutuwar mahaifin, Jean Calvin ya kare hukuncin ya haifar da tiyoloji.
Matashin ya yi nazarin ayyukan tsarkaka, wanda bangaskiyar Kirista, Littafi Mai-Tsarki, fassarorin sa da maganganu a kanta. Tuni a wancan lokacin, Jean Calvin ya mallaki "tsarkakewa" na cocin. Daidaidan Calvin Calvin ya samu matakin ilimin kimiyya na lzenia da wa'azin ciki a cikin ƙananan iso biyu.
1532 A cikin tarihin ilimin Tarihin Jean Calvin ya nuna shi da abubuwan biyu: saurayin ya sami digirin digirgir, da kuma kudaden nasa karatun kimiyyar kimiyya. Waɗannan sun kasance tsokac'i-tsaki ga aikin mai ilimin mai cetulan Svesoper a karkashin sunan "game da Meekness".
Ya dace a lura cewa halin Jean shine ya zama abin da ya faru na saurayi: A cikin shekaru 23 da ba kamar mutum ba ne, wanda ya shirya don kare ra'ayoyin da ya yi daidai da gaske. Jean Peers har ma ya ba da sunan barkwanci "tarawa", wannan shine, "Magana mai kama", kuma ana kiranta da "juyin halitta."
Koyaswar
A hankali, Jean Calvin ya shiga tare da ra'ayoyin gyara. Babban tasirin, a cikin ra'ayi na masu ra'ayoyin na tarihi, Martin Luther (wanda ya kafa na ra'ayoyi masu gyara).
Bugu da kari, saurayin bai ba danata ba ga postulates na ɗan adam Erasmus rotterdam da lefevra d'Etapl. A kusan lokaci guda, a cikin Paris, wani masoya na magoya bayan musamman na ra'ayoyi sun fara fitowa, wanda Calvin ya shiga, kuma godiya ga yawan kalilan wannan rukunin.
Babban aikin na zamani da jama'ar Krista baki daya, Jean Calvin ya dauke kawar da cin mutuncin malamai, wanda yake akai-akai. Hakanan, manyan koyarwar Calvin sun dogara da ra'ayin dukkan mutane a gaban Allah da Dokokin Duniya. Mai sabuntawa bai tsoratar da ƙirar malamai ba, ya yanke shawarar yada magana ta magana mara ma'ana "a ranar Kirista Phasopher" a cikin bugu.
Irin wannan 'yancin ya jawo hankalin hukumomin da ya rufe idanunsu ga Mzubuchisinsm na bayin cocin da ba su da sha'awar dakatar da irin wadannan ayyukan mugunta. Jean Calvin ya tsananta, mai canzawa ya fara nemo fadin fadin paris. Mutane da yawa ne suka rufe mutum, suka kuma koma Geneva, inda ya yi shirin ciyar da dare kawai.
Koyaya, waɗannan tsare-tsaren an ƙaddara su canza: A cikin Geneva Calvin kuma sun sadu da mabiya kuma sun sami aboki da mataimaki a fuskar mai wa'azi da kuma ilimin tauhidi na Gilome na Lafiya. Oƙarin na karshen, an san Jean Calvin a Geneva, inda ya jinkirta akasin wannan shirin. Ba da daɗewa ba game da sabon koyarwar, wanda ya riga ya sami sunan "Calvinism" tuni a lokacin, ya zama sananne a lokacin Geneva.
Wani lokaci daga baya, Calvina ya bar wannan birni mai cin amana saboda wannan dalili kamar ƙasar ƙasar. Masana tauhidi sun koma Strasbourg - wani gari wanda yawancin mazauna mazauna ne da aka zaba ga fadarta. Mai ba da ibada kuma a cikin binciken darasi, wa'azin da laccoci na karatu a ɗayan cocin.
Ba da daɗewa ba, Strasbourg ya faɗi game da sabon mai canzawa, da Calvin ya sami babban aiki kuma ku yi nadama ga mai wa'azi, wanda ya sauƙaƙe rayuwarsa ta yau da kullun. A 1537, tuni ya koma birnin Geneva, Jean Calvin sauke karatu daga manyan-sikelin aiki "Catechism" - musaman sa na dokokin da postulates na "Calvinism", jawabi ga duka churchmen da kuma wadanda mutane yawan jama'a.
Wadannan ka'idoji sun zama tsaurara da kuma nemi shiriya da sabbin umarni a cikin birni, amma majalisar birnin da aka samu a taron, da Katechism da aka amince a taron. Koyaya, da ake gudanarwa, wanda ya zama da kyau ya zama mai kyau, sannu sannu za ku juya ya zama mummunan rauni.
A lokacin da lokacin a Geneva, a zahiri, dokokin Jean Calvin da magoya bayansa suna amfani da magoya bayansa da yawa jumla. Ba a kori 'yan ƙasa a wajen garinsu ba, sauran sun zauna a kullun tsoron tsoratarwa da hukumomi: A wannan lokacin, azabtarwa an dauki azabtarwa talakawa.
A cikin layi daya, Jean Calvin ya yi aiki a kan mafi mahimmancin aiki a rayuwa, da ake kira "koyarwa a bangaskiyar Kirista." Wannan babban aikin sikelin ya zama tarin littattafai, wa'azin, laccoci da labarin da suka bayyana ra'ayoyin marubucin, Umarni na zamanin da mutanen da zasu zo zuwa zamani da al'ummomin da zasu zo da mutanen zamaninsu. Jimlar Calvin ya rubuta 57.
Babban tunani, babban dalilin, na gaba ta ayyukan Jean Calvin, shi ne gane Maɗaukaki ikon Allah ga kowa. Mulkin Allah, a cewar Calvin, yana nufin cikakken ikon ɗan adam ga Ubangiji nufin.
Za'a zaɓi zaɓi ɗaya kawai ga mutane - su kasance tare da Allah ko rabuwa da bangaskiya da tsananta wa kanku kan gari mai muni bayan rayuwar duniya. Koyaya, wannan zabi, an ɗauke shi Calvin, an gabatar da shi gaba da shi. Tare da shekaru, mai sabuntawa ya fi muni, mai tsauri da kuma ba'a yin amfani da su.
Rayuwar sirri
Jean Calvin ya yi aure. A cikin 1540, an hada da masaniyar tauhidi tare da mace tare da mace mai suna Pretecta de Burta.
Ma'aurata ta ba da mai sauƙaƙe 'ya'ya uku, amma duk sun mutu a zamanin jariri, ba tare da kyale Calvin ya ɗanɗana farin cikin iyayen ba. An san cewa Matar Calvin ta bar rayuwarsa a gabansa.
Mutuwa
A cikin 1559, Jean Calvin ya ɗauki zazzabi mai ƙarfi, amma watsi da shi da yawa da aiki aiki. Bayan wani lokaci, cutar ta rika, amma lafiyar ta na tauhidi da aka girgiza sosai.
A cikin 1564, a cikin wa'azin na gaba, Calvin ya faɗi a matsayin ragged, bakin mutumin ya tafi. Watanni uku, mai sabuntawa da aka shafe a gado da mummunan azaba, kuma a ranar 27 ga Mayu, 1564, Jean Calvin bai yi.
Aikace-aikace
- 1536 - "Saukowa a cikin bangaskiyar Kirista"
- 1543 - "rubuce a kan relics"