Tari
"Kamar yadda Mamay ya wuce," Har yanzu ana amfani da wannan karin magana a jawabin Rasha. Ana amfani da shi idan ya zo ga bala'i, na lalacewa. Wannan na ɗaya daga cikin maganganun zamanin Kulikov yaƙin, lokacin da Dmitry Donskoy karya sojojin Mamaevo.Yaro da matasa
Tarihin Maama yana da yawan farin aibobi, saboda fiye da ƙarni na 6 sun wuce daga kamannin sa. Mai yiwuwa, an haife shi a cikin 1335 a babban birnin zinare na zinare, birnin Seray-Batu. Aho daga kabilar Mongoliiya kabilar Mongolia, sun shaida Musulunci. Sunan tsohuwar turanci ne na Mohammed.
Auren Aure mai nasara tare da 'yar Khan Golden Horde ya ba da izinin Mama a cikin 1357 don ɗaukar post na Kotun Koli, da sojojin Koli suka jagoranci. Ba tare da aure ga Tulunbek ba, mamaim ba zai ba da izinin matsayi mai girma ba.
Horde na Golden
A cikin 1359, bayan kisan Uba na Bordibeyek Kulpoy, Mamay ya faɗa masa yaƙi. Daga wannan lokacin, abin da ake kira "babban jam" a cikin Horde ya fara. Tunda Mamay ba mafari bane, ba zai iya ɗaukar taken Khan ba. Sannan a cikin 1361 ya yi shelar White Horde Khan (sassan Horde Khan (sassan zinare, bangaren na biyu ana kiran su shuɗi) da ash
Wannan matakin ya haifar da zanga-zangar wasu masu nema don iko, mama daga 1359 zuwa 1370 dole ne ya yi fada da sashin yammacin jihar, daga hannun dama na Bolga zuwa Crimea. Lokaci-lokaci, ya mallaki babban birnin, garin Seram. A cikin manufofin ketare, Mamay ta maida hankali kan rashin kunya tare da jihohin Turai - Venice, Genita, babbar rawar da Lithuania da sauransu.
A cikin 1370, karfin Abdullah ya mutu, ana zargin shi, ta hannun Macima. Bulak mai shekaru takwas, ɗan yaro ɗan shekara takwas daga cikin halittar dayar da jakar ta tashi zuwa matsayinsa. De Yura, ya mallaki Mamaevaya da ya sanar da kai har sai da 1380, har sai da ya mutu a cikin yaƙin Kulikov. A zahiri, Mamai kuskure, ba tare da ɗaukar taken Khan ba.
Dangane da duhu da Moscow ci gaba ta hanyoyi daban-daban. A farkon shekarun nan, mulkin Mamay ya goyi bayan babban birnin, a cikin 1363, kwantiragin rage alama tare da Metropolitan Alexia. Yariman Moscow Demitry gane ikon MAMIA da Khan Abdullah.
Koyaya, a cikin 1370, Mamai ya zabi babban nauyinsa da mikhail tver. Shekarar da baya, Dmitry da kuma ziyarar mutum suka ziyarci wurin BekstoleBeck ɗin kuma ya dawo da wani lakabi. Enmity na jihohi biyu sun tsananta bayan da a cikin 1374, an doke tawagar Tatar a Nuwaya Nizgorod, wanda aka tare da jakadun Maama. "Babban dumin" ya fara, wanda ya ƙare da aka sanya yakin Kulanovsky kawai.
A cikin 1377, saurayin Khan Golden Horde Tukhtamam ya fara korar duniya: A cikin bazara na 1378 ya ci nasara da sashin gabashin, shuɗi na Horde. Bayan haka, ya tafi sashen Yammacin Turai, White Horde ne a zahiri a zahiri mulkin mallaka. A farkon shekarar 1380, Tokhtamysh ya sami damar dawo da duk yankin na Zinare, kawai Crimea da yankin Bahar Rumana ta Arewa da arewacin Bahar Rumawa sun kasance ƙarƙashin iko.
A cikin irin mawuyacin yanayi, Mamay ya yanke shawara don tsara kamfen a Rasha don tattara haraji don ƙarin haraji. Yin la'akari da gaskiyar cewa sojojin da aka gafala, don dukiyar mashawarcin mashawarta, masu yabo da sauransu. Wadanda kebul na gwagwarmaya da sauransu. Wanda ya faru a kan Satumba 8, 1380. Shugaban sojojin Rasha shine Mosce Dmitry donskoy.
Masana ilimin zamani sun ba da yarda cikin ra'ayoyi kan kimantawa da adadin sojojin na zinare. Wasu sun ce Mana ya bashi mutane dubu 60, wasu sun yi imanin cewa daga 100 zuwa 1500,000 suka ragu zuwa ga wasu magunguna dubu 30, kuma daga baya sun ƙaru da abubuwan da suka faru a filin tsafi, muna Amincewa da cewa a bangarorin biyu sun kasance daga mahalarta 5 zuwa 10,000, kuma yaƙin ya kasance ba tsawon awanni 3 ba, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Tarihi, da minti 20-30.
Bayani game da yaƙin an kiyaye shi a cikin tushe guda hudu: "Zadonshchchchyna", "Tarihin Mamaev yaƙi", "Tarihin Tarihi Tarihi game da kulikov yaƙi." Kalmar "kulikovskaya yaki" a kimiyyar gabatar da N. M. Karamzin a cikin "labarin jihar Rasha".
Sojojin sun amince a fannin gazawar kogin da aka ɗora don Don Don Don, yanzu ita ce yankin ƙasar Tula. Na dogon lokaci, dalilin rashin binne a kan filin filin da ya rage, sakamakon ya gama da nasarorin makaman. Koyaya, a cikin 2006, godiya ga sabon Georadara, sun sami zargin da aka zartar da gagan waɗanda abin ya shafa. Rashin kasusin kashi ya yi bayani ta hanyar ayyukan sunadarai na Chernozem, wanda ya lalata yadudduka.
A safiyar 8 ga Satumba 8, sojojin suna jira har sai an tilasta hazo. Yaƙin ya fara ne da kananan rikice-rikice, bayan wanene sanannen wasan Alexander Perese tare da luba, wanda aka kashe duka biyu. Dmitry Dons Farkon sun yi fari a gaban repratim, to, ya tsaya a cikin sahun, suttura tufafi tare da Moscow bama.
Mamay ya kalli yakin daga nesa. Da ya fahimci cewa aka ci sojojin, ya gudu zuwa Resawainan Rusawa, Tats, da mai mulkin, ya shugabanci Rawana, ya shugabanci Ratal, shugaban maigidan ya kama ta. Khan Khan Khan, wanda Mama shi ne beckerbeck, ya mutu a filin daga.
Daga Satumba 9 zuwa Satumba 16, aka binne matattu a filin. A kan kabarin najara, an gina coci, wanda ba a kiyaye shi har zuwa yau. Tun daga 1848, wani abin tunawa ga aikin A. P. Bryullov yana tsaye a kan filin Kulikov. Tarihi sun yi imani da cewa nasarar Dmitry ta karewa a cikin filin Kulikov filin da aka kawo Rasha don 'yantar da' yanci daga mamayar mulkin kasar waje. Ga Horde, da kayar da mama ta ba da gudummawa a kan abokan gaba a karkashin mulkin Khan Takhtamysh.
Bayan shan kashi a kan Kulik, filin Mamay ya nemi sake tattara sojoji don sake ɗaukar fansa don ɗaukar fansa kan Dmitry Donskoy. Koyaya, ba zai yiwu a sake ɗaukar wani hutu zuwa Rasha ba, saboda Khan Tekhysh ya yi ƙoƙari ya lashe sabon kayan Maama.
A cikin Satumba 1380, Mama Mamia da Tokhtamysh sojojin sun hadu a fagen "a kanali". A cewar da suka kiyaye tunanin, babu wani yaƙin kai tsaye, babban sashin sojojin Mamaeva kawai ya koma gefe na Tukhtamysh. Mamay bai yanke shawarar tsayayya da su ba, tsere zuwa Crimea. Tare da nasarar Tukhtamysh, yakin basasa na dogon lokaci ya ƙare, da Horde Horde ya zama guda ɗaya.
Rayuwar sirri
Macewar mahaifiyar ta ɗauki Tulunbek, 'yar Khan Golden Horde Bordibek. Aure ya kasance mai amfani ga duhu, an sanya shi taken Dakabin Sigin-surrin, "Gurgen". Godiya ga kusanci zuwa Bordebek Mamai, ya karbi post na Beclaabe - Ministan farko. Wannan shi ne mafi girman daraja cewa "ba sansanewa" ba.
A cikin 1380, bayan da Mamay rasa a cikin yaƙin a Kalya, ya gudu zuwa ga Crimea, inda aka kashe shi. Tulunbek, tare da Hammali - Matan samari - sun sami Tichtamusa. Ya yanke shawara ya auri mace mai zagin Mamaa don ƙara girman kansa a gaban girman girman metropolitan.
Shekaru shida bayan haka, da Tekhtamysh yi maƙarƙashiya, bayanin da ba a kiyaye shi ba. Wataƙila, yana ƙoƙarin maye gurbin zuriyarsa A bisa kursiyin. An yi imani da cewa mahalarta mahalarta makasudin sune mabiyan Mamay jagoranta ta Tulunbek. Tukhtamama sun zartar da matarsa, wadanda suke zargin a bara.
Don faɗi daidai da yara nawa, ba ze yiwu ba. An san ɗayan 'ya'yansa maza, da Mansur Kiyatovich, bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa ya bar da matakin farko tsakanin Model Lithuaniya, wanda daga baya ya zama wani ɓangare na Lithuania.
Soyansa Alex a 1392 yarda da orthodoxy, tunda ya karɓi sunan Alexander. Ya auri ɗan nasa a kan Princess Anastrogia osrog. Maharbi na biyu na Mansur, da Skerder, ya zama shugaban Polovtsy a Yammacin Yammacin Sekun Bahar Rum.
A karni na 16, shugabannin sun fara kiran takardun da aka fara a cikin takardun Lithuan na Glinky, da sunan garin Glink, inda gidan ya kasance. Mai yiwuwa, wannan shine zinariyar zamani. Glinsky - mai sha'awar halittar Lithuania Glinskaya ya faru, mahaifiyar Ivan Grozny. Saboda haka, ɗayan zuriyar Math shi ne babban abin da Moscow da duk Russia.
Kamfanin Dashkevichi, Vishnevetsky, Ruzhinky, Juzhinsky, ostrog, kuma la'akari da zuriyar Maths. Waɗannan sunayensu na sarƙoƙi sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin samuwar zaporozhye.
Wani zuriyar gidan muckoleberk shine Cossack Cossack na Ukrainiy. A cikin 2003, fim ɗin Olelyy na Olelyya aka umurce shi game da na ƙarshen. Zanen yana dogara ne akan sigar marubucin ta fitowar almara game da Mama na Yukren Game da Ukrainian. Rabin kuɗin kintinkiri ya kai ga darektan savings na mutum.
Mutuwa
A lokacin mutuwar Mama tana da shekara 45 da haihuwa, sanadin mutuwa shi ne kisan kai. Akwai almara da yawa game da yadda Mamai ta mutu. An san cewa bayan da aka kaddaya daga dakaru daga sojojin Tokhtamysh, Mamaai ya gudu zuwa sansanin soja na CAFU (Feenosia na zamani). Ya tara dukiya tare da shi. Mazauna Generes suna zaune a sansanin soja, na fara karbar shi a musayar wani ɓangare na tayin, sannan aka kashe akan tsari na Tictamysh.
A cewar wasu bayanan, Maama ya wuce Tokhtamysh, wanda ya rayuransa na Bechoughek. HAN aka binne shi da dukkan girmamawa, kabarin yana da natsuwa wanda ke Sheikh Mama (sunan na zamani - ƙauyen Aivozovskoyye, ba da nisa daga Feodosia). Kurgan ba da gangan ba gano mai zane-zane I. K.Zazvsky. A cewar wasu bayanan, an binne Mamay na Mamay (mazaunin birane na zamani tsohon Crimea).
Akwai wani labari da aka binne mulkin mulkin mallaka a cikin makamai na zinariya a jihohin, da ake kira a cikin Darajarsa, wacce ake kira a cikin ƙasa ta garin Volgograd. Ba a tabbatar da abubuwan shakatawa da yawa a MamaEEV Kurgan sigar ba, ba a samo kabarin ba. A halin yanzu, Mamaev kurgan an san shi da manyan jarumai na Stalingrad yaƙin ".
Tunani
- 1955 - Karyshkovsky P. O. "Kulikovskaya yakin"
- 1981 - Shenikov A. A. "Ofici na zuriyar Mamaa"
- 2010 - KUNESHAEV R. Yu. "Mamai: Mamai: Rayuwar 630 na bikin tunawa da Wativsky shine sadaukar da kai)"
- 2010 - KUNESHAEV R. Yu. "Mamai Tarihi da mahaifiyar mahaifiyar (yunƙurin yada sinxes)"
- 2012 - pucCalov A.v. "ga tambayar tsabar kudi na mamaa"