Tari
Sunan Stanislav Lem yana da matukar masaniya ga magoya bayan almara. Daya daga cikin manyan wakilai na duniya na rubutattun ayyuka dari biyu, wadanda ake fassara su cikin yaruka 46, kuma ana kiranta littattafan kwafi. Ya gabatar da masu karatu tare da yiwuwar 'yan'uwa masu zuwa a zamanin fitattun fasahohi da kuma yawan tanadi na zahiri, tare da matsalolin neman fahimtar juna da wayewa.Yaro da matasa
A cikin bayanan nasa gabatarwar bibraphy, marubucin da Falsafer da Falsafa ya kira kansa wani dodo, tunda an isar da shi daga kananan Stanislav ga kowa da kowa a kusa. An haife shi a cikin gidan Satumba na 19221 a cikin dangin Likita, wanda aka tabbatar da matsayin wannan lokacin. Da shekaru hudu, yaron ya riga ya iya karatu da rubutu. Iyali sun rayu a Lviz, wanda ke da ikon mallakar Poland a wancan lokacin.
Sakandare na sakandare Stanislav ya karɓi a cikin Gymanceium mai martaba na maza, wanda aka kira sunan malamin tarihin Yaren mutanen Yaren mutanen Poland da ɗan kasuwa na Karol Shainha. An yi ƙoƙarin shigar da Cibiyar Pollytechann don ba a zaɓi Cibiyar Pollytechann son ba, bisa ga Lem da kansa, saboda na "ba daidai ba" Bourgeois Layer Layer. Mahaifaya ta haɗa duk tsoffin haɗin gwiwar da aka haɗe ɗa na ƙasa a cikin likita.
Lokacin da yakin duniya na biyu ya barke, dole ne in manta game da ilmantarwa, Stanislav ya zauna don aiki a cikin kayan aikin. Daga shigar da ghetto, an adana dangin Yahudu da takardun karya ne. Daga wurin aiki, Stanislav, a cewar Passsi Pastals, abubuwan fashewa, samarwar juriya na Anti-fuka.
A karshen yakin, lem, ba fatan zama citizensan ƙasar soviet ba, a cikin tsarin repatriation sun ƙaura zuwa Krakow. Anan, Lem Jr. Har yanzu kammala ilimin likita a cikin mafi tsohuwar cibiyar cibiyoyin ilimi na Turai - Jami'ar Yaghellon. Koyaya, don karɓar difloma na karatun digiri na Stanislav sun ƙi, saboda ban sami wani abu mai kyau ba a cikin aikin likita.
Litattafai
Fantasy a cikin gabatar da Lem, a cewar masu binciken kirkirar marubucin, an tsira batun juyin halitta. Idan kun fara kyakkyawan fata, mai sauki don fahimtar littafin Fotoci "MagenLanovo ya yi zurfi a kan akwakun jirgi, a kansu cikin" tauraron dan adam na JION PHE " . Wani sabon labari mai ban sha'awa "Eden" a kan kasada ta jirgin saman sararin samaniya a duniya kuma ba a kira bayanin "mafi munin duniyar".
Rubuta Stanislav ya fara ne akan benci. Farkon aikin na "mutum daga Mars" an buga shi a cikin sanannun sanannun mako-mako "Sabuwar duniyar kasada". Bayan fitowar sabon labari "Sabbin 'yan saman jannati" sun zama sanannen da gaske, kodayake marubucin ya kasance da hakkinsa ga sababbin wallafe-wallafen, wanda aka buga da yawa lokaci da jijiyoyi.
A matsayin ingantattun masana ilimin kimiyya game da Stanislav Lem ya yi magana bayan "dawo daga taurari". Babban gwarzo na littafin wani 'yar saman jannati ce wacce ta dawo daga balaguron shekara ɗari kuma tana haifar da wayewa ba tare da rikici a duniya ba.
Baƙon abu "ba zai yiwu ba" wanda ba shi da rai ga waɗanda ba na yaro-mutum da suka koya ba su canza ba, amma ci gaba. Masu bincike daga ƙasa sun fahimci cewa babu wata ma'ana a cikin hanyoyin yaƙin, tunda suna wani ɓangare na duniya, kuma bil'adama ba ta da damar tsoma baki a cikin tsarin rayuwa da aka kafa.
Wani labarin lem na lem - "Solaris" ya sadaukar da su don sadarwa tare da hankalin dan adam hankali. Labarin kodayake an dauki Boris Boris da aka ɗauka zuwa mafi kyawun ayyuka na kyakkyawan salo. Littafin labari shi ne tushen hoto na alfarma na Andrei Tarovsky. In ba haka ba, wasan "kuna wanzu, Mr. Jones?" - Andrzey Waifa harbi "puff kek", da Peter Stein - fim "sanwic".
Daga 1971 zuwa 1971, 16 an bayar da haɗin gwiwa a cikin tarin "cikakken ikon". A ciki, Stanislav ya nuna baiwa mafi yawan jarirai, rubuta mending da dabara sake don rashin aiki na almara.
Koyo, kamar yadda ka taƙaita ayyukan Stanislav Lem, ana ɗaukarsa ya zama sabon labari "Fiasco", da aka buga a 1987. Bayan shi, ilimin kimiyya ya iyakance kansa don rubuta labaru kuma yana ba da, ba a mayar da shi zuwa ga manyan siffofin rubutu ba.
A ƙarshen 90s, rubutun Esasashen Bam ɗin Megabit ya ga duniya - tunani na lama game da fasahar kwamfuta a lokacin da babu wanda ya yi tunani game da Intanet a matsayin kwayar talakawa.
Rayuwar sirri
A Jami'ar Yagenon, lem hadu da Barbara leesnik, wadanda suka yi karatu a kan rediyo. Bayan dan takarar Uku kuma ya sayi shekaru, yarinyar ta amince ta zama matarsa Stanislav. A cewar Memoirs na fassara - marubucin marubuci Konstantin Mai amfani, Barbara ya yi aiki a kan fensho, tunda ba ta so ta wakilci shi kamar yadda mata ta Stanislav Lem.
A cikin 1968, ɗan da daɗewa aka haife shi daga kimiyya. Tomas ta yi nazari a Jami'ar Vienna, sannan a Amurka, a cikin Princeton, ya dauki kasuwancin bugawa.
Baya ga Yaren mutanen Poland, Ukrainian da Rasha, sun mallaki Ingilishi, Jamusanci da Faransa. Game da yadda uba ya koya masa harsuna, Tomasch ya fada cikin tunanina sun cancanci "Kasadar a bangon duniya."
Lem ji rauni ga motoci, agogo na iya magana akan wannan batun. Wani marubuciya tana son Sweets, ta zama mai yin mulki a otal din KrKowia da Marziban a cikin cakulan sun tsare. A lokacin hutu, masanin ilimin Likita Karanta Herrihich, ya saurara ga Beethoven da Bitles, kallo "Star Wars" da Banda.
A farkon 80s, Stanislav ya rayu a Vienna, a bisa ƙa'ida, a kan hanyar gayyatar ƙungiyar marubutan Austria. A zahiri, a cewar dan Sani, dalilan tashi hadin gwiwa, fahimta da aka gabatar game da rubutu, da rashin iya samun masani da sabbin wallafe-wallafen duniya.
Ba a saki Lem na Iyali ba, kuma an tilasta masa ya dawo. Stanislav ya kawo matarsa da ɗanta a cikin 1983 kuma sun zauna a Vienna har tsawon shekaru biyar. Rayuwa a Kasuwancin Kasashen waje, marubucin zai nemi wahayi, tsawon kwana da yawa bai bar gidan ba, wanda ke nuna alama a cikin bayyanarsa, wanda ke cikin lemu.
Ba a kula da ƙaura daga cikin USSR: Masu shelar sun ki ba da rahoton buga wannan batun "Majalisar Majalisar Wakilin" ba. Littafin ɗan adam game da rayuwar ɗan adam a ƙarƙashin tasirin Hallucinnogen a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ya buga bayan fara sake dawowa.
Mutuwa
Marubucin yarjejeniyar falsafa "adadin fasaha" ya wuce daga rayuwa a cikin Maris 2006 a asibitin Cariki na Karrakow.
Dalilin mutuwar Stanislav ya zama rikice-rikice na zuciya game da tushen ciwon sukari, matsaloli tare da kodan da kumburi da kumburi da kumburi da kumburi da kumburi da kumburi da kumburi da kumburi da kumburi da kumburi da kumburi da kumburi da kumburi da kumburi da huhu kumburi. Lemen mai ba mai hikima ba shi ne ƙarshensa da aminci ga kansa, ya mutu har zuwa wurin da mutumin ya bayyana a kan haske - ba komai.
Littafi daya
- 1951 - "Aikin saman jannati"
- 1955 - "MagenLanovo Cloud"
- 1959 - "Aiɗa"
- 1961 - "Solaris"
- 1964 - "dodanni biyu"
- 1964 - "Yadda darajar ta ta ce"
- 1971 - "Anank"
- 1971 - "Cikakken Fank
- 1976 - "taurul"
- 1976 - "Mask"
- 1980 - "tsokana"
- 1982 - "dubawa a cikin wurin"
- 1983 - "Makamai na ƙarni na ashirin da na farko, ko juyin halitta a sama"
- 1987 - "fico"
- 1992 - "tatsuniya"
- 1999 - "tafiya ta ƙarshe Jon Jon"
- 2006 - "tsere predatniki"