Tari
An tuna da Raisa Makukimovna Gorbachev Gorbachev ba kawai a matsayin Uwargidan ta farko ta kasar da matar kadai shugaban kungiyar Soviet Union ba. Wannan matar ta sami ƙarfin yin tarayya da za a iya yin sadaka, da aikin nasa, da rayuwar iyali, waɗanda, saboda babban post kafafunta.A duk lokacin shugabancin shugaban majalisa, Mikhail Gorbachev kuma har ma da daga baya, aka tattauna batun Rista Gorbachiva kuma an rarrabe cewa wannan matar da aka rarrabe wannan mawuyacin hali da kuma tsattsauran ra'ayi.
Yaro da matasa
An haifi mata na gaba a ranar 5 ga Janairu (Capricorn a kan alamar zodiac) na 1932 a cikin birnin rubTovsk (Alta. Mahaifin Raisa Maximovna ta ɗan ƙasa ya kasance dan Ukrainian, ɗan ƙasar Chernihiv, mahaifiyar ita ce Siberian Siberian. Yara uku sun girma a cikin iyali: Little Lisa ya sami ƙaramin 'yar uwa da ɗan'uwanmu. Sister Lyudmila, cikin aure wanda ya dauki sunan karshe Aiukasov, ya yi aiki a matsayin likita-octionsist. Brotheran'uwan Evgeny Titareko ya zama marubuci.
Saboda sana'ar Uba (ya yi aiki a matsayin injiniya akan layin dogo) Irin dangin Maiden Gorbacheva - galibi yana motsawa. Ba su rayu ba, don haka Raisa daga farkon fahimtar: Wajibi ne a koya da kyau kuma karɓar sana'a don taimakawa iyaye. Waɗannan tunanin a cikin 'yar ta ba wa uwa, wanda a matasan sa ba ya iya samun ilimi.
A shekara ta 1949, yarinyar ta yi karatun digiri a makaranta tare da girmamawa kuma ta tafi Moscow. A cikin matasa, a babban birnin Raisa Maksimovna, na yi sauƙin yin rajista a Jami'ar Mikhail, zabar baiwa falsafar. Kuma a cikin 1955, tuni ya kasance matarsa Gorbachev, bayan matatarsa ta koma zuwa rarraba masu satar ta Ptavropol.
Aiki
A cikin Pavropol, Raisa Maksinovna ta samu aiki a matsayin malami a cikin al'umma na jama'a "ilimi", kuma ya kuma koyar da Falsafa a cikin likitanci da kuma cibiyoyin gona. A cikin layi daya, uwargidan ta biye da nan gaba ya shiga kimiyyar kimiyya: Social Scient Lucology da shirya nasa binciken a wannan yankin.Irin wannan wahalar ba ta banza ba ce: A 1967 Gorbachev ya kare rubutun game da ilimin halayyar dan adam, bisa ga karatun da ya yi aiki a yankin Stavropol.
A cikin 1978, uwargidan tare da mijinta ya koma babban birni, inda ya sake yin watsi da malami a Jami'ar Moscow kuma ta ci gaba da karbar lacca a kasar Moscow ". Bayan 'yan shekaru daga baya, a 1985, Raisa Makimovna ta fara bi da mijin (a wancan lokacin tuni Sakatare-cc Janar na kasuwanci da tafiye-tafiye na kasuwanci.
Zai dace a lura cewa domin wannan lokacin, irin wannan halayyar matar ta ce ba ta da kyau: bai ba da sunayensu ba, sau da yawa babu wanda ya san sunayensu , da hotunan waɗannan matan ba su faɗi cikin yanayin wannan lokacin ba. Amma ba wannan Raisa Mukimovna, wanda ya ɗauki aikinta ya goyi bayan mijinta a kowane abu kuma yana kusa da shi.
Abin mamaki, amma a ƙasashenta, adonta ya cika da tausayawa da ban sha'awa, maimakon a ƙasarsu. Daya daga cikin mujallu na Biritaniya har ma da ake kira Gorbachev "1987 mace." Amma a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, ana musanta shi da yawa. An yi imanin cewa mace mai karfi da ta haifar da "kasar ta hanyar mijinta, wacce daga baya ta taka rawa a rushewar USSR. Da yawa sun yi la'akari da shi wakilin Amurka.
Baya ga taimaka wa matar, Matar ta kasance koyaushe suna cikin sadaka, suna la'akari da ita madaidaiciyar alhakin uwargidan. A karkashin jagorar mata, Mikhail Sergeevich ya yi asusu don taimakon yara na Chernobyl; Bugu da kari, Raisa Maksuduvna kai tsaye ta halarci ayyukan kafuwar kasa da kasa da kasa don tallafawa kadan, marasa lafiya da cutar sankarar barayi.
Kar a manta Gorbachev da game da al'adu: ya tsaya a asalin Asusun Al'adun Soviet, tare da goyon bayan gidan Marina Tsvetaeva, Gidan kayan gargajiya na gidan Marina Tsvetaeva, Gidan kayan gargajiya na gidan Benoit . Bugu da kari, Raisa Maksuduvna ta cimma maido da abubuwan da aka kirkira da gine-ginen cocin da gine-ginen coci.
Lokacin da Mikhail Sergeevich ya bar gidan shugaban, tsohuwar mahaifiyarsa ta farko ta taimaka wa littattafai suna rubuta littattafai da kuma abubuwan da suka dace. Hakanan, da tare da matarsa, LADA ta bude Asusun Gorbachev-Ash, wanda ke cikin halayyar dan adam da masana kimiyyar siyasa. A cikin 1991, wata mace ta rubuta tarihin da ake kira "Ina fata ...".
A cikin 1997, Gorbachev ya kafa kungiyar MEXIMNOVNA RAISA, wacce ta hada wakilan masana kimiyya da al'adun kasar. Wannan kulob din ya taimaka wa mutanen da ba shi da kariya: Iyaye mata masu zaman lafiya, entely, lardi a lardin, marayu.
Salo da salo
Tun daga farkon wasanni a cikin tarurrukan jama'a tare da matansu, tunda kafin Mikhail Sergeevich ya dauki matsayin sakataren Sakatare, kyakkyawa da kuma fitowarta a zabin sutura. Koyaya, a farkon rabin 80s, uwargidan ta farko ta Tarayyar Soviet ya yarda wasu kurakurai a cikin zaɓin kayayyaki, wanda sannan ya fashe da ƙarfi ta hanyar yammacin latsarori.
Don haka, a shekarar 1984, a karon farko da kasancewa tare da mijinta a Ingila a kan gayyatar Margaret Thercher a zahiri ta canza wurare daban-daban kowace rana. Kuma daya daga cikin fasahohin diflomasical maraice, uwargidan ta shigo wata rigar da aka yi a cikin tarko tare da takalmin zinare. Kashegari, an rarraba 'yan jaridu na Burtaniya ga labarai tare da yin shaidar hotuna tare da cin zarafin lambar sutura.
Bayan haka, salon Gorbacheva ya zama mafi korewa, amma bai rasa tsaftacewa ba. Wani abu mai ban mamaki slim da karamin karuwa, da ba a bambanta kayan banza, Raisa Maximov daga wasu Sakatariyar Soviet Sakatare. An san cewa yawancin kayayyaki ne ga matan da aka kwace a kan gadar Blacksmith. Ga kansa, matar Mikhail Sergeyevich ta Mikhail daga masu zanen gida a cikin tsarin gida sun zaba Tamar Motov, wanda ya kirkiro da kayayyaki don mata na farko.
Ba da da ewa auren shahararren siyasa ya lalace a Yamma. Musamman don Rista, Maximovna ta nuna jagorancin da ke jagorantar salon Turai na lokacin - Yves Saint-Laurent da Pierto Cardin. A cikin Memoirs, na ƙarshen ya yarda cewa, yana godiya da cewa, yana nuna daɗin ɗanɗano da kuma salon matar Sakaturi na Soviet, wanda ya so ya ba da sabon sigari kuma mayafi ya dauki hoto ne kawai.
Kafin Gorbacheva, akwai wani mawuyacin aiki - a liyafar hukuma da "tarurruka ba tare da danganta abokin da shugabannin kasashen Yare ba. Musamman mahimmancin taron da Nancy Reagan yayin ziyarar jagoran jam'iyyar a Amurka yayin yakin Cacar. Tsohon dan wasan Hollywood sun mayar da martani ga Raisa Maximov, gano halin hakan da wahala, kuma matakin ilimin yana da yawa.
Koyaya, dangane da salon soviet, uwar garken kayayyaki sun yi kama da, zaɓi na kayayyaki, kayan haɗi, kayan haɗi, takalma ya juya don zama abin ƙyama. Daga baya, 'yan jaridar da ke dauke da misalai daga taron a taron Vienna a shekarar 1961 Nina Petrovna Kennedy da "Mutanen da aka kira" a cikin fure ". Da alama cewa Raisa Mukimovna, ta fi so kyakkyawa da salon sutura, sun mayar da "suna" na Sahabban Soviet na Yammaci a cikin yamma.
Rayuwar sirri
Rayuwar matar shugaban kasar ta USSR ta kirkiro da jituwa da farin ciki. Tare da mata na gaba na Lisa na gaba (sannan Titareko) ya sadu da jami'a - ya yi nazari a kan doka. Tun daga nan, Mikhail Sergeevich da Raisa Makukemovna bai yi ba. Aikin aure na ƙaunataccen ya wuce a hankali: ɗalibai kawai basu da kuɗi don kyakkyawan bikin.A shekara ta 1957, an haifi 'yar Horbachev (a cikin aure - Chregangskaya). Yarinyar ta karbi ilimin likita kuma daga baya ya zama Mataimakin Shugaban Asusun Gorbachev-Ash Ashtive, wanda iyayensa suka gina.
Mutuwa
A farkon 1999, lafiyar Raisa Maximovna ta fara kasawa. A watan Yuli, masu kwararrun Cibiyar Hematology sun gano a cikin Gorbacheva leucekemia. Dalilan da aka fito da tsohon Sakatare na ƙungiyar jini, likitoci suka kira akai akai, rikitarwa daga wasu cututtuka na kullum. Daga cikinsu ana ɗauka sakamakon sakamakon bayyanar Rasha da aka samu ta hanyar uwargidan ta fara a cikin balaguron shuka a cikin Chernobyl ba da daɗewa ba bayan mummunan hatsarin.
Mafi kyawun likitocin Rasha da Jamus sun haɗa da lura da mace. Bayan 'yan kwanaki daga baya, bayan sanarwar ganewar asali, an kwashe Gorbachev zuwa Münter, ga asibitin Jamusanci. A can, na watanni biyu, likitocin jami'an Jamusawa sun yi yabon rayuwar Disa Maximovna, ceto daga cutar kanada. An shirya don yin mamrow dingplant, mai bayarwa zai zama babbar 'yar uwar Lyudmila Titareenko.
Koyaya, jihar Gorbacheva ba zato ba tsammani ya lalace sosai, kuma dole ne a watsar da aikin. Kuma a ranar 20 ga Satumba, 1999, Yarsi Maximovna bai yi ba. Dalilin mutuwa, likitocin da ake kira da cutar muhalli, wanda ba za a warke. Tsohon Uwargida ta Farko shekaru 67 ne.
Irin jana'izar Gorbacheva, wanda ya faru ne a ranar 23 ga Satumba, tara dubban mutane da suka zo don su ce ban kwana da wannan matar. Daga cikin su akwai Vladimir Putin, Naa Yeltsin, Helmut Kohl da sauran 'yan siyasa da alkalumma jama'a. Kabarin Raisa Maximovna is located ne a kan Moscowvichy hurumi na Moscow. Shekara guda bayan haka, an shigar da wani abin tunawa a wannan wuri. Har yanzu, mutane suna kawo furanni zuwa kabarin kabarin.
Tunani
- A shekara ta 2006, aka kirkiro ƙasar Raisa Gorbacheva na kasa da kasa a London, wanda aka tsara don magance cutar sankarar yara da cutar kansa.
- Sunan R. M. Gorbacheva ya kira Cibiyar Yara Yara da kuma Canada a cikin St. Petersburg.
- A ranar 16 ga Yuni, 2009, Mikhail Gorbachev ya fitar da faifa na "waƙoƙi ga Raisa", wanda aka sadaukar da shekaru 10 na mutuwar Rista Maximovna.
- A cikin 2012, tsarin fim ɗin "ƙauna da ikon Raisa Gorbacheva" an sake shi akan allo, suna gaya wa rayuwar tsohuwar uwargidan ƙungiyar.