Tari
Anton Makareno malami ne wanda ya shiga kwararrun kwararru waɗanda suka ƙayyade hanyar tunanin Pedagogogical a cikin karni na XX. Gaskiya ne, amincin mutane sun yarda bayan mutuwar malami kwarai. Koyaya, ga Makareno da kansa, bai taka babban aiki ba.
Kira nasa, Anton Servenovich ya ba da cikakkiyar rayuwar sake karatun matasa masu wahala. Tsohon almajirai wadanda suka dandana sabbin hanyoyin da suka samu, sun sami babban rabo mai mahimmanci kuma sun rubuta littattafai da yawa wadanda suka sadaukar da su ga ayyukan malamin.
Yaro da matasa
A Afrilu 1, 1888, a cikin dangin wani ma'aikaci na ofishin jirgin ƙasa, wanda ke cikin gari na Belopol, Sumy County, an haife ɗan fari. Iyayen farin ciki suna kiran yaran Anton. Ba da da ewa bayan Sonan, matan Makareko ya bayyana wani yaro da budurwa. Alas, tsohuwar 'yar da ya mutu baya cikin jaraba.
Babban Anton Anton Anton ya tashi mai zafi. Boyan yaro ba shi da hannu a cikin yadi na gama gari, wanda ya fi dacewa da lokaci don ciyar da lokaci tare da littattafai, wanda a cikin gidan daukenko ya isa. Duk da matsayin mai kulawa da kwanas, mahaifin malami na gaba yana ƙaunar karantawa da kuma tilasta wannan fasalin ga yara.
Rufuwar da Myopia, wanda ke sa anton sanye da tabarau, ya sa yaron ya zama woficular tsakanin takobin. A kan yaron sau da yawa kuma ba'a yi masa ba'a ba. A cikin 1895, iyaye sun ba da yaro zuwa makarantar firamare biyu na aji, binciken da antton mai sauki ne. Hoton dabbar bai ƙara ɗa a gaban kishiyar hukuma ba.
Lokacin da yaron ya juya 13, dangi ya koma birnin Kryukov, saboda 'ya'yan Makedonko na iya ci gaba da karatun su. Anton ta shiga cikin makarantar makaranta mai shekaru 4-aji, wanda ya kammala karatun digiri da takaddun shaida na gargaɗi.
A cikin 1904, etton a karon farko yana tunani game da sana'a na gaba kuma ya zo tare da mai sauraro a kan darussan na Pedagogical, bayan ƙarshen wanda ya karɓi 'yancin koyarwa a makarantar firamare.
Da
Studentsalibai na farko da Makarenko sun zama 'ya'yan garin Kryukov. Amma kusan onton nan da nan ya fahimci cewa ilimin don aiki bai isa ba. A shekarar 1914, saurayin ya shiga cibiyar malamin malamin Poltava. A cikin layi daya tare da sayen sabon ilimi, eton ya ba da lokaci da yawa a cikin ayyukan. Labarin farko shine "Wawancin Dout" - Makareko yana aikawa da gorky.
A mayar da martani, marubucin ya aika da harafin zuwa Anton, inda aikin ya yi masa rai. Bayan gazawar Makedonenko, shekaru 13 ba za su yi ƙoƙarin rubuta littafi ba. Amma dangantakar malami mai ɗaci zai tallafawa cikin rayuwa.
Mutumin ya fara bunkasa tsarin sake karatunsa a cikin aikin mallaka na ƙananan masu laifi a ƙauyen Kovalka, wanda ke gaba da Peltava. Makareko ya gabatar da dabaru wanda aka kasu kashi biyu cikin mutane da kuma rayuwa mai sanyawa. Kwamitin peculiar ya jawo hankalin hukumomi, amma labarin dillar yara (Makareko sau daya buga ɗaliba) ya hana malamin matsayinsa.
Nemi sabon aiki a matsayin malamin ya taimaka mai ɗaci. Marubucin ya bayyana canjin Makarenko ga mulkin mallaka, tare da Kharkov, kuma sake da kuma sake shawara sake don kokarin kirkirar aikin rubutu.
A sabuwar cibiyar, Anton Seretovich da sauri kafa an riga an tabbatar da tsari. A karkashin jagorancin wani mutum, matasa masu wahala sun fara yin ciyarwar kyamarori. A cikin layi daya game da sababbin hanyoyin da aka saba, ayyukan uku na malami an buga: "Maris 30," "" Pedagogical poem ".
Da kuma sake wakilan hukumomi, a hankali suna bin malamin, ya daina koyar da gwaje-gwajen. Za a tura Makareko zuwa Kie a matsayin post na mataimaki shugaban mulkin mulkoki masu aiki.
Gane cewa ba zai ba da damar komawa ga abin da kuka fi so ba, Makarno ya ba da kansa don rubuta littattafai. M "Pedagogical Peem" ya ba wani mutum a cikin ƙungiyar marubutan Soviet. Bayan shekara guda, wanda ba shi da ma'ana ya zo da sunan tsohon malamin. Makarenko ya zarge da sukar Stalin. Anton Sememovich, Anton Sememenovich, ta yi gargadin da tsoffin abokan aiki, sun gudanar don komawa Moscow.
A babban birnin, mutum ya ci gaba da rubuta littattafai. Tare da haɗin gwiwar matarsa, Makarenko ya ƙare "littafin don iyaye", inda ya bayyana dalla-dalla dõmin ku kalli rison yara. Anton Sememenovich ya yi ikirarin cewa yaron yana bukatar wata kungiya da zata taimaka a daidaita a cikin jama'a. Babu ƙarancin mahimmanci ga mutum da yiwuwar aiwatar da aiki kyauta.
Ayyukan Kwadago shine yanayin gaba na jituwa - ɗaliban Makeko sun sami bukatun kansu da kansu. Daga baya, aikin, kamar yawancin halittun etton Seemenovich, garkuwoyi. Tuni bayan mutuwar malami, filayen "za a saki waƙar wakar hannu" a kan allo, "babba da ƙarami".
Rayuwar sirri
Loveauna ta farko ta Makareko ta zama Eliziavona Fedorovna Grigorovich. A lokacin ganawar da Anton, matar ta riga ta auri firist. Bugu da kari, ƙaunataccen shine an zabi wanda ya zabi daya tsawon shekaru 8. Sanarwar matasa ta tsayar da mijinta Elizabeth.
A 20, Anton Give da kyau tare da takara kuma ma yi tunanin ko kisan kai. Firist ɗin zai ceci saurayin saurayi, firist kuwa ya jawo hankalta daga hannun wata tattaunawa da kuma ya jawo hankalin Elizabeth. Ba da daɗewa ba samari suka fahimci cewa suna cikin ƙauna. Labarin ya makale kowa. Babban Makareenko ya harbi dan daga gidan, amma etton bai jefa ƙaunataccensa ba.
Kamar Makarenko, Elizabeth ya sami ilimin Iri da kuma ƙaunataccena, tare da ƙaunataccenta, ya yi aiki a cikin yankin Gorky (mallaka a ƙauyen Kovalevka). The Nooksion da ya taka shekaru 20 ya ƙare a aikin otton. A cikin wasiƙa, ɗan'uwana, malami ya bayyana cewa "Theavisms na tsohon Popovskhaya dangin iyali" farka da Alisabatu.
Aure Makareko a 1935. Tare da matar aure ta gaba, malamin ya hadu a wurin aiki - Galina Stakevna ta yi aiki a matsayin mai binciken Narrodor ya kuma isa ga abin da ke cikin binciken. Matar ta kawo ɗan zaki, wanda aka amince da shi bayan rajistar aure.
Ta wajen ba da duk lokacin da za su ga ɗalibai, Mukareko bai taɓa zama uba ba. Amma ya maye gurbin iyaye na Pasyanka da kuma yaran Olympiad - 'yar uwana. Valyaly mkanarenko, daga matansa ya yi aiki a cikin farin mashahuri report, an tilasta gudu daga Rasha. Mataki mai ciki ya kasance a cikin ƙasarsa. Bayan haihuwa, 'yar Niece gaba daya ta wuce karkashin tsare malamin.
Mutuwa
Makareko ya mutu a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1939 tare da wani ɗan yanayi. Mutumin da ya dawo daga nishaɗin marubutan a cikin karkara sun makara ga jirgin. Anton Servenovich yana jira a cikin mashahuri tare da sabbin labaran da aka shirya akan ka'idodin ilimi. Bayan an kashe shi cikin motar, Makareenko ya faɗi a ƙasa kuma ba ya farka.
Babban dalilin mutuwa shine bugun zuciya. An ji jita-jita cewa a Moscow Makareko ya kama, don haka malamin bai iya tsayawa da tashin hankali ba. Wani autopsy ya nuna cewa zuciyar malami mai baiwa ta lalace ta hanyar da ba a saba ba. Jikin yana ɗaukar irin wannan bayyanar idan guba ta buge jiki. Amma tabbatar da guba ba a sami.
Makarenenko ya binne makabara a kan makabarta na Novevichy. Jaridun Soviet sun sanya wani 'yan ilimin dabbobi a shafukan, inda aka ambaci Anton Seretoik a matsayin marubuci da ya cancanci. Game da ayyukan Pedagogical na wani mutum bai buga kalma ba.
Littafi daya
- 1932 - "babbar"
- 1932 - "Shekarar 30"
- 1932 - "fd-1"
- 1935 - "Pedagogical poem"
- 1936 - "Hanyar shirya tsarin ilimi"
- 1937 - "littafin ga iyaye"
- 1938 - "Girmama"
- 1938 - "flags a kan hasumiya"
- 1939 - "lacca a kan tarbiyyar yara"