Tari
Dokar mamaye da sanannen gwamnatin Mary Teressia ta dauki ɗayan manyan a tarihin Turai. Mace da fasaha ta haɗu da jagorar manyan yankuna da tarbiyya yara 16.Yaro da matasa
Birani Elizabeth Christina Braunch-Christchetg-Tabperor da Emperor Charles Charles VI, Maria Teresia Valburg an haife ta ranar 13 ga Mayu, 1717 a cikin birnin Vienna. Lokacin da aka haife ta, kalmomin baƙin cikin ta yi fushi:
"Wannan yarinya ce kawai."Ba a san yarukan yarinyar ba, gimbiya ta kasance a cikin inuwar mahaifinsa. Tare da dangi, Mariya Tesedia ta kashe hunturu na shekara a cikin gidan shakatawa na Hofburg, a cikin garin farauta na Luxembourg, kuma lokacin bazara don ya faru a cikin fadar da aka fi so.
Abubuwan da ke share yarinyar da ake kira canjin malamai. An bayar da Mary Ruwa Mary Ruwa zuwa Jeuits. An koya mata harsunan waje, gami da Latin, tarihin, Art, Labaran kasa da dokar Allah. Hakanan, yarinyar ta dauki kiɗan da darussan rawa. Gimbiya mai ban mamaki baiwa na iya magana a cikin Italiyanci, Faransanci, Jamusanci da Mutanen Espanya.
Tun daga farkon yara, an dauke ta ɗayan ɗayan kyawawan kyawawan lokutan. Mariya Teresea ta bambanta ta hanyar aiki tuƙuru, wata yarinya kullun ta tashi a 5-6 da safe. Tana da fushin kirki, tana iya yin fushi da sauri. Mariya Teresia ta da duk bayanan da keɓe kan sadaukarwa da girmama batutuwa: girman da kyautar kalma.
A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Maria Teresia sarakuna ne na Faransanci, Ingilishi da Prussian sarakuna, da kuma ta hanyar kamfanin Rasha, da kuma makiyin mulkin mallaka. Mahaifina bai iya damuwa da makomar 'yarsa ba.
Gimbiya ta sami ilimin maza, wanda ya shirya yarinya don sarrafa ƙasar. A wurin nasarar shekaru 14, Maria Teresia ta riga ta sami girmamawa ga halartar taron majalisar dokokin jihar.
Rayuwar sirri
Yarinya mai hankali da ke kewaye da masu fafutuka da yawa a zuciya. Zabi na Karl VI ya tsaya a kan dan Duke na Lukure, cikakken sunan wanda Franz Stefan Tring. A cikin 1724, ya isa wurin yadi na Austrian don kammala ilimin kuma ya sami ƙwarewar da suka wajaba.Mahaifin Maryamu Teressia ta kama shi kamar ɗan'uwansa na ɗansa: ya koyar da farauta, ya ɗauki kwallaye. Faransa ta yarda ta amince da takunkumi mai ban tsoro kawai a musayar duhan na durring. Franz ya ki da hakkin wannan ƙasa don aure tare da Mariya Teresia.
A ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 1736, an kammala ƙungiyar hukuma. A lokaci guda, a ranar bikin auren, an tilasta wa ma'auratan da suka yi alkawarin cewa ba zai ce idan Karl ba zai sami ɗa. Wannan lokacin ma an yi la'akari da cewa Maryamu da Franz sun ƙi gado, idan ba a haifi Sonan'uwansu ba, da Maryamu Anna, ƙaramar yarinyar, za ta zama magaji.
Shekarun farko na Aure Yaki da Yakin da ba a yi nasara ba tare da Turkiyya, wanda ya dade daga 1737 zuwa 1739. Mara Mary Teressia ta sha wahala a matsayin shugaban sojojin Habsburg. Koyaya, gwamnati tana da iyali iyali. Bayan kowane haihuwa, maria ta ce:
"Yara ba sa taɓa isa."Yara na farko zai bayyana bayan shekara ɗaya ta zama tare, ana haihuwar yara tare da hutu daga shekaru 1 zuwa 2, har zuwa 1756. Maryamu tana da yara 4: girlsan mata 11 da yara 5.
Ilimi da ilimin kowane yaro Maria Teresia ta biya wani mutum daban. Ya kirkiro da tsarin karatun musamman, ciki har da rawa da kuma samar da masu sihiri. Kuma yara sun fentin, labaru nazarin, litattafai, lissafi da harsunan waje. Don girlsan mata ya koyar da fasaha na gudanar da tattaunawa da allurai.
Jikin mai mulki
Seretefarin farin ciki ya kasance tsawon lokaci, Karl VI ya mutu a cikin 1740. A sakamakon haka, an tilasta Maria Teresia a cikin shekarun 24 da aka tilasta zuwa Kulkin Austriya. A wannan lokaci, ta riga ta kasance mahaifiyarsa uku kuma ta yi ciki. Aikin iko akan jihar, wanda yanzu ya tsaya a gaban Maryamu, ba daga huhu ba. Haka kuma, iyakokin a wancan lokacin sun haɗa Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Authoverland da ƙasa a Italiya.
An gudanar da guraben a ranar 25 ga Yuni, 1741 a cikin babban taro na St. Martin, wanda aka yi a cikin salon gothic, a cikin birnin Poleburg (yanzu - Bratislava). A shekara ta 1745, an yi masa alƙalin a ƙarƙashin sunan Franz I, kuma budurwa ta zama sanannen Austran Austriya.
Mariya Teressia nan da nan ta ci karo da fuska da mai nema da yawa don gādon Austria, wanda baya son ba ta hakkinta. Amma a cikin 1748, Aachen duniya duniya ya yanke shawara tambaya ce ta kyau ga Mary Teresia, wanda ya koma zuwa Silsia. Daga baya, a cikin yakin da bakwai na bakwai (daga 1756), Sarauniya ta so ta ci wannan ƙasa, amma ba a yi nasara da yunƙurin ba tare da nasara ba: Silesia ta kasance a cikin Friedrich II.
A shekara ta 1765, Sarki ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani, Maryamu Teresa ta nada ɗan Yusufu Ii tare da jagorarsa. Duk da haka, ayyukansa sun iyakance ga Kotun, al'amura da harkokin kuɗi, cikin cikakken 'yanci daga Yusufu II ba.
A cikin 1772, Mariya Teresia ta shiga cikin sashin farko na Poland kuma a sakamakon hakan ya karɓi Galicia. Game da Daular Ottoman - a cikin 1775, sojojin mata su ba da Bukovina. Mariya Terese ta bayyana iƙirarin cewa "Bavarian Leadyy", kuma karoi ya faru shine a kan yarjejeniyar Tesen. A kan tushen, gidan na Austrian ya karbi yankin Inna.
Musamman kwatancen hukumar Maryamu Teresa a cikin gudanar da al'amuran na cikin gida na jihar. Lokaci daga 'yanci daga tashin, ta biya sauye sauye a cikin gwamnatin, cin hanci da cin hanci da rashin adalci. Ta yi kokarin daukar tiyata ta hannu da kudade, ci gaba da dokar da kuma karfafa sojojin sojoji.
Kafin Maria Teressia Austria ita ce ƙasar da ke gaba a cikin kowane yanki. Makarantar da kuma buga an lalata su da Jesuzu gaba daya. A baya can, Gwamnati ba ta shafi kafaffun umarnin, amma an tilasta Maria Teresia ta gabatar da gyare-gyare a cikin bukatun gwamnati.
A lokacin mulkin, Maria Teresia iyakance ta da tasirin Ikklisiya a kan fadakar da Alamar da aka fi karfafawa kuma ya karfafa mahimmancin ikon jihar. Ta rage yawan Orchestra a kotun, yanke wa m ga mawaƙa. Duk da haka, Maria ta kula da wadatar kimiyya da fasaha: sun gano jami'o'i, zane makarantu, makarantar motsa jiki ta sake fasalin. Ta kasance wanda ya sanya samuwar mutane ne masu sauki, sun kawo yawan makarantu zuwa dubu 6.
Musamman da hankali ga Gwamnatin ta biya ci gaba a harkar noma, inganta ci gaban masana'antu da fadada kasuwanci na ciki da na kasashen waje.
Mutuwa
Bayan mutuwa a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, 1780, yana da shekara 63, Maria Teresia ta bar jihar da mai hako, mutane dubu 26 koli da karuwar jama'a.Aikin, mai kuzari da hankali Maryamu Teresia ya kasance mai lalata da dabara, ta yi aiki a cikin hanyar da ta yi. Maryamu Maryamu Teressia cike take da abubuwan da suka faru. A cikin rayuwar talakawa mace ce mai aminci kuma mahaifiyar ce mayaudin, tana da yara 16, 10 wanda ya tsira da shi.
Tunani
- A cikin girmamawa na Mariya Teresia, Assterid (295) Terezia, aka buɗe a cikin 1890.
- A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II, da ya dawo da dialry na 22 na Teresia na SS Maria Teresia ta kasance, wanda ya rayu a yankin tsohuwar Astred, wanda ya rayu a yankin na Hungary don adirewa don kyakkyawan yabo.
- A Vienna, wani abu ne ga gwamnati da abokan aikinta a murhun Maryamu Teresia za a gina. Wannan aikin fasaha bai isa ya ga isa a hoto ba, ya wajaba don ganin yana rayuwa.
- Mary Teresia wani hadin gwiwa na Teleproekt Austria, Hungary, Slovakia da Czech Republic. Fim na 2 Seri, 2017.
- Therer Teresia tsabar kuɗi ne na azurfa, da yawa na al'ada teral, wanda ya yi amfani da na rayayye a cikin kasuwancin duniya kusan kai tsaye bayan farkon chasing a 1741.
- A cikin girmamawa ga Austrian Erzgerbogi, Maryamu Maryamu Teressia ta kasance mai suna Rosa iri-iri.
- Umarni na Maryamu Teressia - Umarni na soja na Austrian. Sarauniyar Hungary da Bohemia, Mariya Teresia, an kafa Mariya Teresia, a cikin 1757.