Tari
Sunan Robert Lewis Stevenson tun lokacin da yara ya saba wa duk wanda bai wakilci rayuwa ba tare da littafi ba. M da ban sha'awa kasada da suke jiran jarumai game da ayyukansa a kowane mataki, akai-akai tilasta wa masu karatu na "matattakala" da "baƙar magana". Kuma kodayake ana ɗaukar waɗannan sanannun a cikin littafin tarihin marubucin, Jerin littattafan littattafan litattafan Stevenson ba su iyakance su ba.Yaro da matasa
An haifi marubucin nan gaba a Edinburgh a Nuwamba 13, 1850. Mahaifin Yaron da mallakar kayan taimako - shine injiniya wanda yake ƙira gashi. Tun daga farkon yaro, yaron ya yi lokaci mai yawa a gado - babban irin binciken da aka tilasta wa iyaye su kula da ɗanta.
Stevenson ya gano tare da Croup, kuma daga baya da kifin (homupary cututtukan fuka), wanda a wannan lokacin ya zama mai m. Saboda haka, ɗan ɗan Robert ya shafe lokaci mai yawa a cikin "ƙasashe daban-daban" - don haka marubucin zai rubuta game da ƙuruciya.
Zai yiwu iyakokin yanayi da bukukuwan aure kuma suka taimaka wa Robert Lewis Stevenson don haɓaka da yawa cewa ya fara aiwatar da rayuwa. Bugu da kari, Nany ta kawo dandano da dandano da kalmomi a ciki, karanta waka a magana a gaban lokacin kwanciya.
Tuni a 15, Robert Lewis Stevenson ya gama aikin farko da ake kira "Tashi mai". Mahaifin Robert ya ba da ya haɗa ɗansa kuma ya buga wannan littafin a cikin kwafin 100 don nasa kuɗin a 1866.
A kusan lokaci guda, Stevenson, duk da halin kiwon lafiya, ya fara tafiya ta hanyar Scotland da Turai da Turai da kuma gano abubuwan kwaikwayo da lokuta na tafiye-tafiye. Daga baya, waɗannan labarun sun shigo ƙarƙashin murfin littattafan "hanyoyi" da "tafiya zuwa cikin ƙasar".
Kasancewa, Robert Lewis Stevenson ya shiga makarantar kimiyya Edinburgh, sannan kuma a Jami'ar Edinburgh. Da farko, saurayin ya tafi cikin zangon mahaifinsa, ya fara nazarin injiniya. Koyaya, daga baya ya tafi ga hukumcin hukunce-hukuncen gaske da kuma a cikin 1875 ya zama mai lauya lauya.
Litattafai
Farkon aiki na Stevenson, wadanda suka kawo mata marubucin, sun zama labari "na dare Francois Viyon". Kuma tuni a cikin 1878 Proves, kasancewa cikin wani tafiya a Faransa, ya gama yin zagayowar labarun, aka buga shi gaba ɗaya.
Wannan tarin ana kiranta kulabun kashe kansa kuma daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan Stevenson. "Kulob din kisan kai", har da sake zagayowar Almaz Raji, an buga su ne a cikin mujallu da rubutu da yawa a Turai. A hankali, sunan Stevenson ya zama sananne.
Koyaya, sanannen sanannen sanannen marubucin a cikin 1883, lokacin da aka buga, watakila mafi kyawun Roma Stevenson - "Tsibirin Wishe". Kamar ayyuka da yawa masu yawa, wannan littafin ya fara da labarun wasa da kuma Stevenson ya ba da ɗan ƙaramin halinsa. Robert Lewis har ma an zana katin kati ga wani yaro da ya kirkira tsibirin, wanda ya kusan canzawa a cikin gabatarwar.
A hankali, warwatse aukuwa ya fara bunkasa a cikin sabon labari mai cikakken bayani, da Stevenson ya zauna don takarda. Da farko, marubucin ya ba da littafin sunan "Jirgin ruwa Cook", amma daga baya ya canza shi zuwa "hatasarin tsibiri". A wannan aikin, kamar yadda aka san Stevenson da aka sani, hangen nesan littattafansa na wasu marubutan - Daniel Doko da Edgar da Edgar da Edgar da Edgar da Edgar by. Masu karatu na farko na littafin da aka gama sune dalibi na marubuci marubuci, amma da sannu littafin yana magana ne game da wasu masoya na littattafan kasada.
Na gaba daga cikin gashin tsuntsu ya fito "Black hannu", a cikin 1885 "Babban labarin Otto" kuma Mr. Heyda ya bayyana. Shekarar da baya, Robert Lewis Stevenson ya gama aiki a tarin labaru na gaba, da ake kira "da kuma sabon dubbai da dare ɗaya" (ko kuma dare ɗaya "(ko kuma dare).
Abin lura ne cewa Stevenson ya rubuta da waƙoƙi, duk da haka, ana kiranta gwaje-gwajen mai ban dariya game da Amateurism kuma bai ma yi ƙoƙarin buga su ba. Amma wani ɓangare na marubucin waƙoƙi har yanzu tattara a ƙarƙashin murfin kuma yanke shawarar bugawa. Don haka akwai tarin Stevenson waƙoƙi, wahayi zuwa ga tunanin shekarun yara. A cikin Rasha, waƙoƙin sun fito a cikin 1920 kuma sun karɓi sunan Canja wurin "Kunshin fure na yara". Daga baya, an sake buga tarin sau da yawa kuma ya canza sunan farko.
A wannan lokacin, dangin Stevensonson, godiya ga "tsibirin Tasumiyar", ya rayu tarna. Amma, da rashin alheri, lafiyar marubucin more kuma mafi sanyawa da kansa ji. Likitocin sun shawarci marubucin ya canza yanayin, da Robert Lewis Stevenson ya koma daga ƙasarsu zuwa Samoa. Yan arean gari, a farko ta cikin baƙi gane, ba da daɗewa ba sun zama baƙi na dindindin a cikin gidan wannan mai kirki.
Bayan Stevenson, da sunan barkwanci "Jagoran Jagora" ya kasance gyarawa - don haka ake kira marubucin ya ba da labari, wanda ya taimaka da shawara. Amma fararen kadada da ba a son Robert Lewis Stevenson don wadancan abubuwan 'yanci, cewa marubucin ya shuka a cikin tunanin mazaunan garin.
Kuma tabbas, yanayin yanayin tsibiri ba zai iya taimakawa ba amma yayi tunani a ayyukan saucer: "Katriona" (wanda ya ci gaba da sace "- Roman" Ya fito a gaban), "" Saint-Iv "aka rubuta a kan Samoa. Wasu maganganun da aka kirkira a cikin hadin gwiwa tare da Pasyanka - "Kayan Abinci", "Mai ba da izinin jirgin ruwa", "mai dadi".
Rayuwar sirri
Loveaunar marubuci na farko shine uwargidan suna mai suna Kat Drambond, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mawaƙa a cikin daren da dare na dare. Forky Stevenson, kasancewa samari marasa karfi, saboda haka wannan matar ce ta nuna ban sha'awa ta wannan matar cewa ta yi aure. Koyaya, mahaifin marubucin bai yarda da dan ya dauki matar Kat ba, wanda, a cewar Stevenson-manzo, bai dace da wannan rawar ba.
Daga baya, yayin tafiya zuwa Faransa, Robert Lewis Stevenson sadu da Francis Matilda Osborne. Fanny - Don haka Stevenson yana ƙaunar ƙaunar da aka kira ƙaunataccensa - ya yi aure. Bugu da kari, mace tana da yara biyu kuma ta girmi Stevenson tsawon shekaru 10. Da alama an iya hana ƙaunar kasancewa tare.
Da farko, ya faru - Stevenson ya bar Faransa kadai kadai, ba tare da ƙaunataccen, makokin rayuwar sirri ba. Amma a shekarar 1880, Fanny ta sami nasarar saki matattararsa kuma suka yi aure tare da marubuci, wanda ya zama na dare mai farin ciki da uba. Babu yara da aka gama gari.
Mutuwa
Samia Isa ba wai kawai wuri ne da marubucin ba, amma kuma mafaka ta ƙarshe. Disamba 3, 1894 Robert Lewis Stevenson bai yi ba. Da yamma, mutumin da ya saba zuwa abincin dare, amma ba zato ba tsammani ya kama kansa, yaƙin ya busa. A cikin 'yan sa'o'i kaɗan marubucin bai sake raye ba. Sanadin mutuwar baiwa ne.
A can, a tsibirin, har yanzu an kiyaye kabarin marubuci. Aborigines, da gaske ya ba da labarin Robert Lewis Stevenson a saman dutsen da ake kira Va, Ruwa a kan kabarin kabarin daga kankare.
A cikin 1957, marubucin Soviet Borisov ya rubuta tarihin tarihin Robert Lewis Stevenson, da ake kira "a karkashin tutar Catriona".
Littafi daya
- 1883 - "Matsakaicin tsibiri"
- 1885 - "Prince Otto"
- 1886 - "Babu wani labarin Dr. Jekyla da Mr. Heyda"
- 1886 - "sace"
- 1888 - "Arbow Arrow"
- 1889 - "mai shi Ballastre"
- 1889 - "Kayan Abinci"
- 1893 - "Vosted Jirgin ruwa"
- 1893 - "Catriona"
- 1897 - "Saint-Yves"