Tari
Richard Zorge - gwarzo na Soviet Union, Scout. An san shi da mutum na ilimi, daidaitawa, mai iya iya samun shawarwari. An yi fim game da fina-finan Zori, a rubuta littattafai. A matsayin alamar girmamawa da madawwamiyar ƙwaƙwalwa, ana kiranta tituna da abubuwan da aka gina.Yaro da matasa
An haifi Zichard Zorge a ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 1896 a ƙauyen lardin Sabullin a cikin Jamusanci Wilhelm Richard Zorge. Uban ya yi aiki a Nobel, inda ya ƙware a cikin samar da mai. Mahaifiyar Nina Steaniya - tare da Tushen Rasha, ya girma a cikin gidan ma'aikatan jirgin ƙasa.
Zorge ya rubuta a tarihinsa cewa iyalinsa (musamman tare da layin Uba), tare da kafa ya kafa kallon juyin juya hali. Wannan ya faru ne saboda juyin juya halin 1848, wanda jana'izan, duka 'yan uwana, ya dauki bangare. Daga bayanin kula da Richard, an san shi cewa karami sun wuce a Jamus: cikin nutsuwa, a cikin babban iyali.
Zorge ya yi karatu a lokacin Realschule a Jamus, amma bai karbi karatun sakandare ba - a shekarar 1914, wanda ya sa kai ya tafi gaban yakin duniya na farko a cikin Jamusanci. Ya shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe, fiye da da zarar ya ji rauni.
A shekara ta 1917, Richard Zorge ya ji rauni, ya sha wahala aiki a Königsberg, sakamakon wanda ya kasance mai rauni (kafa daya ya fi tsayi). A saboda wannan dalilin da aka kore shi. A lokacin zamansa a Lazaret, Zorge gaba daya canza ra'ayinsa a kan kwaminis.
A cikin wannan shekarar 1917, Zorge ya sami damar ɗaukar takardar shaidar Ilimin sakandare, kuma daga baya difloma a karshen jami'a. Friedrich Wilhelm a 1918. Sannan ya shiga jami'ar a Kiel, ya yi tunatar da su a cikin ilimin kimiyyar jama'a. A cikin Hamburg, an sake shi tare da matakin Likita na jihar da doka, daga baya sun sami digiri a fagen tattalin arziki.
Aikin soja
A shekara ta 1918, jami'in jirgin ya fara ne a cikin garin Kiel, wanda Richard Zorge ya ɗauki shiga kai tsaye, ya tsunduma cikin makamai. Lokacin da juyin juya hali ya fara ne a Berlin, ya zama mai halartar mai aiki a rikice. A saboda wannan, hukumomi sun aika da Zorge daga garin.
A Hamburg, Richard Zorge Provaganda Wurin hade tare da Jarida. Tun daga 1920, ya zama mai editan jaridar bikin a cikin Salliingen. Bugu da kari, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike a Cibiyar Binciken zamantakewa a Frankfurt.
A shekarar 1924, kwamitin zartarwa na Internationungiyar Kwaminisanci ya gayyace Moscow, inda ya fara aiki a cikin sashen bayanan. Kuma ma'aikacin cibiyar bincike na tsakiya.
A lokaci guda, Zorgma ya yi nasara a matsayin ɗan jarida, ya wargaza bangarorin matsalolin matsalar daga kungiyar juyin juya halin Amurka da Jamus. Waɗannan labaran sun bayyana akan shafukan "tattalin arzikin duniya da manufofin duniya", "Bolshevik", "international International".
A cikin 1929, Richard Zorge ta aiki tare da sashen sake fasalin sashen ma'aikata 'da bana na ja da J. K. Barzins da S. P. Umitsky. A cikin 1930, jami'in leken asirin ya isa Shanghai a karkashin Ramzai da aka yi amfani da shi kuma ya fara Dating mai amfani. Daya daga cikinsu - tare da shugabannin Sludzaki, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a Japan da kuma bin jinarin kwaminisanci. Jafananci ya zama ɗayan mahimman bayanan Zorge.
Har zuwa 1933, Richard ya yi nasarar samun mahimman bayanai game da masu ba da shawara game da masu ba da shawara na Jamus kuma da sannu da hankali cewa da sannu zai karfafa matsayin ta a harkokin duniya.
A cikin Japan, Richard Zorge ya isa Satumbar 19333 a matsayin ma'aikaci na manyan kafofin watsa labarai na Jamusawa: "Frankfurt Zeightung", "Teglich Rundgeu", "Teglich Rundgeu", "Deutlich Randshu", "Deuthich Randshu", "Deutshe Volksvirt". Ya sami nasarar samun ofishin jakadancin Jafananci na Jafananci.
A shekara ta 1938, nufin shari'ar Richard Zorge ya sami damar rayuwa a cikin hadarin. Wannan halin ya yi rauni, amma jami'in leken asirin ya yi nasarar isar da dukkan alamomin Microveren, wanda ya kasance makiyin da aka yi amfani da shi a rukunin leken asiri. Richard yana da bayanan sirri da dala. Scout ya san cewa Sidewar lokaci ya iso. Bugu da kari, layin rediyo ya dauki takardu ne daga gidan da wani bayyananne.
Har zuwa 1941, kungiyar leken asiri ta ci gaba da ayyukan a Japan. An shirya ta hanyar janye don isasshen adadin mai aminci da amfani, amma wannan bai faru ba. Kusa da shekarun 1940, Zorge da kansa ya ce ya shirya don komawa daga Japan, amma an yanke shawarar don rama shi da dadewa a wurin, kamar yadda Richard ya kasance ko ta yaya.
A cikin 1941, bayani game da yiwuwar Jamus zuwa Rasha ta zo Zorge. Yaƙin intermarpter ya hango abin da ba tare da ma'anar ainihin ranar ba. Ya kuma yi nasarar gano hakan har zuwa 1942, gwamnatin Japan ba ta kai ga yaƙi da magana ba. Bayan da tunatarwa game da wannan, sojojin Rasha sun rarraba sojoji a irin wannan hanyar don ƙarfafa kariya ta Moscow. Babban birnin da ya sami damar kare.
Rayuwar sirri
Richard Zichar yana da mata biyu, yara tsawon rayuwa, hankali bai tafi ba. Christina Gerlach shi ne farkon sunan, Zorge tare da ita a shekarar 1926, lokacin da ta tafi Jamus.
Tare da matar ta biyu, Maximovaya Catherine Zorga ta halatta ta hanyar dangantakar a cikin 1933. A shekarar 1942, an kama wata mace saboda hulɗa da abokan gaba. A sakamakon haka, Catherine yana bauta wa kalmar a cikin KrasnarsSk yankin, kuma an mutu.
A aure na yau da kullun, Richard ya yi rayuwa tare da Khanako Iss. An san cewa bayan kisan Jafananci, har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa, kuma aka kuma jera Zorge na Tsaro a cikin Babban Jami'in Widger.
Mutuwa
Daga Oktoba na 1941, an fallasa mambobin saitin, wadanda aka kama taro. Richard Zorge ya zo. 'Yan sanda na Jafananci sun shirya binciken gidaje daga mahalarta mahalarta kuma suka sami wasu takardu, don fahimtar wanda ya gudanar bayan tambayoyin magana. Tuni a kan tushen saƙonnin da suka dace, an caje Zorge.
A cewar daya daga cikin juyi, Richard Zorge bai san laifin ba, yana magana kan hadin gwiwa tare da coarnerungiyar Jamusawa, ba tare da Tarayyar Soviet ba. Hitler ya miƙa don dawo da macijin zuwa Jamus. Kuma Japan ta amince ta dawo da Zorge zuwa mahaifarsa na kasarsu ga fursunoni na siyasa da yawa.
Koyaya, wannan bai faru ba, Stalin bai yarda da yanayin Japan ba, tunda bai dauki bala'i ga asarar ƙasar ba. Akwai zato cewa wannan ya faru ne saboda karban Zorge a daya daga cikin kotunan kan hadin gwiwa tare da USSR. Stalin ba zai iya gafarta wannan ba. A shekara ta 1943, an yanke hukuncin aiwatar da Richard Zorge. Bayan shekara guda, a Tokyo a cikin kurkuku "Sugamo" a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, an aiwatar da hukuncin yanke hukunci.
Abin sha'awa, na dogon lokaci gwamnatin kasar ta musanta cancantar Z'git. A cikin 1964 an sanya shi lakabin gwarzo na Soviet Union da godiya ga Khrushchev. A yau, ana samun finafinan malitai na malitts don girmama dan shahararren jami'in leken asirin, fina-finai masu ma'ana sun sadaukar da su. Matsayin Zorga a cikin hoto na ƙarshe mallakar Alexander Domogarov
Tunani
- 1954 - "cin amana da Jamusanci 'Case Dr. Zorge"
- 1961 - "Wanene Kai, Dr. Zorge?"
- 1985 - "Yaki da Moscow"
- 2003 - "Spy Zorge"
- 2009 - "Labari na rayuwa. Richard Zorge. Mazaunin da bai yi imani "
- 2018 - "Zorge"