Tari
Shahararren marubutan Amurka Jerome David Salerger ya zama ɗaya daga cikin marubutan da suka fi ficewar karni na 20. Littattafan da marubucin ya zama labari na marubuci "sama da abyss na hatsin rai". Amma ga kundin, gudummawar ga littattafan ba za a iya kiranta da yawa ba, har kaɗan na marubutan za a iya sa a mataki daya tare da shi.Yaro da matasa
An haife Jerome David Sallinger ne a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1919 a cikin Birnin New York. Mahaifin Yaron, Sulemanu Sallinger, ta ƙasa shine Bayahude asalin asalin Lithuania, wanda aka tsunduma cikin ciniki tare da kyafaffen itace da cheeses. Mary Maryami, wanda ake kira sunan Mary Gillik zuwa bikin aure, wanda yake da asalin Irish Isosh, wanda ya ɗauke addinin Irish na Irish, wanda ya ɗauke shi da addinin Yahudanci, wanda ya ɗauke addinin Irish, ya ɗauke shi. A cikin iyali, ban da Jerome, an fito da tsohuwar 'yar uwar Doris. Bambanci tsakanin yara shine shekaru 8 zuwa watanni 2.
Uban ya nemi ya girma ta ɗanta zuwa wani mutum mai ilimi. A shekara ta 1936, saurayin ya dauki matakin soja a cikin garin Valley Fortj. Anansa ya zama a cikin wallafe-wallafen: Jerome ya rubuta 9 Stanzes don bikin makarantar, wanda har yanzu ya cika.
A lokacin bazara na 1937, Sallerg ya saurari laccoci a Jami'ar New York, kuma bayan shekara ta kasance a Poland, a yayin da mahaifin Bygoszcz, a bukatar mahaifin, wanda keeraseaddamar da sausages. Maido da gida, halartar karusar a cikin kwalejin ussinus, a cikin Pennsylvania, kuma a cikin 1939 ya shiga jami'in Jami'ar a takaice, ya karanta W. Bernett.
A sakamakon haka, Dauda bai gama kowane cibiyar ilimi ba kuma bai nuna burin aiki na sana'a ba. Da wannan, ya sa ya dace da mahaifinsa, wanda ƙarshen ya juya har abada.
A cikin bazara na 1942, Jerome ya kira sojoji, inda ya kammala karatun digiri a kan Jami'in Servericar da sojojin sadarwa. A shekara ta gaba, an tura taken sahunanta zuwa ga mutumin a cikin karfafawa kuma ya aiko Nashville zuwa birnin Nashville.
Halitta
Babban haruffan mafi yawan ayyukan salerger yara ne 'yara a karkashin shekaru 17 da haihuwa. Koyaya, ba zai yiwu ba cewa ana iya kiran marubucin "'yara'. A cikin aikin, marubucin yana tayar da taken 'yan adawa ga matashi da duniyar da ke kewaye da ita. Jarumai na ayyuka suna rufe rayuwar da ba ta sami takamaiman iyakokin ba.
Labarin farko "matasa" a 1940 An buga mujallar Stori. Amma ga farkon shahararren, ta zo bayan littafin "Kifi-Ayank", wanda ya bayyana ranar gilashin sa simra da matansa.
Shekaru 11 bayan buga aikin farko, 16 ga Yuli, 1951, aka buga kawai littafin labari "a saman abyss na hatsin rai", marubucin ya yi aiki akan wannan labarin tsawon shekaru 10.
Masu satar rubutu na wannan lokacin sun amince da littafin, har yanzu ba su rasa shahara. Ko ta yaya, an dakatar da littafin a wasu ƙasashe kuma jihohin Amurka saboda baƙin ciki da tsararru.
A kan fitowar labari a cikin littattafan da yawa suka buga wasanni 26 na Jerome, ciki har da 7 daga cikin 9 labari. A cikin 1953, sun sanya wani tarin abubuwa daban da ake kira "labarin tara". A cikin 60s, aikin "Frani da Zui" da "sama da Rafters, Carpenters" fitowa.
Rayuwar sirri
A shekara ta 1942, Jerome ta fara haɗuwa da Yaan, 'yar wasan wasan Yujina O'Neill. Amma ba da daɗewa ba ta sami masaniya da Charlie chaplin kuma daga baya ya aura shi.
Matar Farko ta Sallinger ta zama Silvia Weltter. Ya fara kama Nazi, sannan ya aure ta. Tare sun dawo Amurka, inda har wasu lokuta suka zauna a gidan iyayen Jerome. Amma auren ya juya ya zama ɗan gajeru - ba tare da rayayye da shekaru ba, kamar ma'auratan sun fashe.
A cewar 'yar Sallinger, dalilin hutu shine hadari na ra'ayoyin: daga baya marubucin ya zo da sunan barkwanci "Salva" ga yarinyar, wacce "gishiri" ta fassara daga Turanci.
Matar ta biyu ta marubucin ya zama dalibi Student Stroup Douglas, 'yar mai zargi ya Robert Langton Douglas. Taron ya faru ne a cikin 1950, a wancan lokacin kawu ya yi shekara 16 da haihuwa, kuma marubucin shekaru 31 ne. Yarinya daga dangin Birtaniya da ke fuskantar Atlantic daga yakin.
Wasu kafofin suna da'awar cewa marubucin da aka yaudari da matasa matala, amma wannan ba daidai bane daidai. A wannan lokacin, Jerome ta ruhaniya ya inganta kuma ya hana daga kusancin kusanci. Mai ba da shawara shi ne Guru Guru na Indiya, kuma al'adun da aka bayyana a cikin ayyukan marubucin.
Claire da Jerome ya yi aure a 1955, 'yar Margaret da ɗa aka haife a cikin iyali. Salomer ya nace cewa matar ta jefa horo na watanni 4 kafin sakin ya koma gare shi. Yarinyar ta shiga cikin lallashewa kuma ta yi, kamar yadda ƙaunataccen ya tambaya.
Gidan da saurayi ya rayu, ana iya kiranta budewa da ya dace da gidaje. Koyaya, kamar yadda Margaret ya ba da rahoton kalmomin uwar, sanannen sanannen marubuci ya nemi kayan yaji mai haske daga matarsa da kuma canza lunen sau 2 a mako.
Tun lokacin da yake yaro, 'yar ba da lafiya, amma mutum, gwargwadon tofinsa, ya ki sa likita. Daga baya, Claire ya ce wa 'yarsa, wanda a zahiri ya tafi kusa da gefen, yana tunanin ya kashe kansa yayin daukar ciki.
A cewar hukuncin Margaret, da ita da dan uwanta an haife su kwatsam, yarinyar ta yi imanin cewa ji di Di Di Di Di Di Di Die ya zama da kyau su kasance da kyawawa. Amma marubucin ya juya ya zama uba na kirki: sau da yawa ya yi wasa da jarirai da kuma labarun labarinsa.
Duk da haka, yana da sha'awar mata koyaushe. A shekarar 1966, marubucin da aka saki Claire, da sannu 'yar jaridar da ya kama, wanda ya kasance shekara 18 a lokacin.
Colin ya zama matarsa ta ƙarshe ta saler, tana da shekara 50.
Mutuwa
Bayan littafin labari "sama da pelia da hatsin rai" ya zama sananne, sallinger ya haifar da wani labari mai kyau. Bayan 1965 marubucin ya dakatar da buga - na tattara labarin kawai don kaina.
A sabon Hampshire, Jerome Dauda Saller ya mutu mutuwa mutuwa a gidansa a ranar 27 ga Janairu, 2010. Wakilin rubuce-rubuce na marubucin ya ce a shekara ta 2009, m ya lalata kashin pelvic, amma ya ji lafiya na dogon lokaci.
Mataki na ƙarshe na Colin da ɗa ne Matta ya zama magada na marubucin. Rayuwar marubucin ta cika da banbanci masu ban sha'awa, wasu kuma kwatancensa sun zama almara.
Tsarin Takardar "don abyss na hatsin rai" ya faɗi game da halaye da rayuwar salon.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- A makaranta akan Jerome, sau da yawa sun fi girma saboda sunansa na biyu - Dauda. Don kauce wa matsala, wani mancinger haramtawa malamai su tuntuɓar shi a na biyu. Af, yaro ya yi nazarin sosai mummunan, kawai a bayyane yake kan wasan kwaikwayon na ban mamaki za'a iya bambancewa daga nasarar makaranta.
- A shekara ta 1942, marubucin ya tafi hidimar, wanda ya shiga cikin sanannen aiki akan saukar da shinge na hannu a Normanandy. Maido da gida, salonger buga asibiti tare da gano cutar da "juriya na juyayi".
- Marubucin bai zama mai sauƙin ɗanɗana shahara ba bayan littafin "a kan abyss na hatsin rai". Jerome ba ya son sadarwa tare da 'yan jarida, ya jagoranci rayuwar dawowa. Redorgical RORSAL ga marubucin ya amsa ƙoƙari don ƙirƙirar haɗuwa da haruffa.
- Marubucin ya shiga cikin binciken na madadin magani, Hindu da Buddha. Bayani na duniya ya kasance mai matukar mahimmanci.
- Duk da cewa mai sallinger ya sayi kansa wani gida a nesa, kusa da shi da shinge kuma an hana shi a kai a kai tare da wasu mata tare da wasu 'yan mata daban-daban.
- Tattaunawa guda tare da Sallinger har yanzu - dalibin makarantar sakandare don jaridar "Prestermont Dale m". Lokacin da marubucin ya gano cewa matanin labarin ya faɗi akan layin farko na jaridar gida, ya shiga Rage. Bayan wannan bikin ne cewa jin sadaukar da sadaukar da kai Yero da aka sadaukar da gidan da babban shinge.
- Salinger ya baci don yaduwar ayyukan da ba dole ba a cikin lokacin daga shekarar 2015 zuwa 2020. Daga cikinsu akwai bayanan tarihin a cikin su game da tambayoyi da shi a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II.
- A cikin labarin "harafin batattu" an buga shi ta ainihin lambar wayar ta wayar tarho: 603-675-544.
- A karshen shekarar 2016, cibiyar karatun karbar gayyatar aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen kwamfuta wacce take son zama a tsohuwar gidan saling. Ga wanda ya ci nasara, an kasafta karamin karatu, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a mai da hankali kan ƙirƙirar aikin musamman.
- Da zarar wani sukar dan lada Jan Hamilton, a bayyane yake ba neman hanyoyin haske ba, yayi kokarin rubuta tarihin marubucin. Amma Jerome ya yi fushi sosai har ya shigar da shi zuwa Hamilton don gabatar da haramcin da ba a buga wasiƙun ba.
- 3 "An lissafa" Cats a gidan Salfier: Kitty-1, Kitty-2 da Kitty-3.
Faɗa
Domin mutum ya mutu, bai iya hana sa kaunarsa ba, to, idan ya fi kowa kyau, ka fahimta ga wasu abubuwan da basu canza ba. Da kyau, idan za a iya sa su a cikin nuna glazed da ba su taɓa. Matan su ne mai ban sha'awa don sanya shi sauti. Ya kamata a yanke shawarar inda za ku tafi. Kuma nan da nan buƙatar zuwa wurin da kuka yanke shawara. Nan da nan. Ba ku da 'yancin rasa minti ɗaya. Ba za ku iya ba. Na yi tunanin yadda yara ƙanana suke yi da maraice a cikin babban filin, cikin hatsin rai. Dubun dubatan yara, da da'ira - ko zuciya, ba babba, sai ni. Kuma na tsaya a gefen dutsen, kun sani? Kuma sana'ata ita ce ta kama yara saboda su karya cikin abyss. Kun gani, suna wasa kuma ba ku ga inda suke gudu ba, sai na yi gudu, na kama su, har su kama su. Wannan shine aikina. Da jin mutane a kan abyss na hatsin rai. Na san maganar banza ce, amma wannan shine kawai abin da nake so da gaske. Ina tsammani ni wawa ne.Littafi daya
- 1940 - Matasa
- 1940 - Kalli tare da Eddie
- 1941 - ZUWA KYAUTA, KYAUTA
- 1941 - Shower na labari mai farin ciki
- 1942 - Lucky ta farko Lois Tagggett
- 1942 - rahoto na yau da kullun game da jarirai ɗaya
- 1943 - Brothersan uwa
- 1943 - DILTed Dajin
- 1944 - Ta hanyar yarjejeniya
- 1944 - Site-Softed Sergeant
- 1944 - Ranar karshe ta korar ta ƙarshe
- 1944 - Sau ɗaya a mako - ba za a rasa ba
- 1945 - Elaine
- 1945 - Ina hauka
- 1945 - Soja a Faransa
- 1945 - herring a cikin ganga
- 1945 - Strying
- 1946 - Riot a kan Madison Avenue
- 1948 - Yarinya da aka saba
- 1949 - wani mutum da ya yi dariya
- 1949 - A cikin jirgin ruwa
- 1951 - da waɗannan lebe, da idanun kore
- 1952 - Blue ya mutu Smith
- 1953 - Teddy
- 1955 - sama da rafters, girkin
- 1959 - Simor: Gabatarwa
- 1965 - ranar shekara ta 16 ta hapworth