Tari
GI de Maupassan marubucin Faransa ne na Faransa, wanda ƙirƙira yazo hulɗa da dabi'a. Wani mutum ya sami nasarar samun yanayin gaba daya akan wallafe-wallafen. Mai ba da soyayya, ya mai da yawancin mata a cikin haruffan labari, labarai da litattafai. Kuma shi mai son matafiya ne wanda yake zuwa ko'ina a Turai kuma ya duba cikin kusurwar duniya.Yaro da matasa
Cikakken sunan marubucin shine Henri Rene-alber-Guy de Mabassan. Haihuwar Attate a cikin Kera Myomenil kusa da garin cin abinci a cikin dangin talauci. Kakannin ya barke, mahaifin Gustuuu de Mearasana bai sake barin yadda ake zuwa aiki ba. Ya yi aiki da wani dillali a kan musayar hannun jari, ya kasance astrrtt, ƙauna art, fentin ruwa. Na ji sikelin da salon rayuwa.
Amma ya aure a kansa akasin nasa - wani abokantakar Laura Le Poattaven ya bambanta ta hanyar babban hali da tunani. Koyaya, ma'aurata ba su yi tafiya a ƙarƙashin rufin ɗaya ba. DWAbing geir na biyu, wata mata da 'ya'yanta sun tafi garin jirgin saman Etretir, inda Villa ta kasance.
Yakin motsi na Mopassana ya tashi cikin rashin kulawa da rashin tsaro. Yaron ya tabbata kansa, don haka ya kwana da yawa akan titi. Tun daga farkon shekarun da aka koya don kama kifi, ya ki abokantaka da manoma, jirgin ruwa, masunta, masunta.
Yana da shekara 13, 'yanci ya ƙare. Mama ta shirya GI zuwa Seminiyar ta ruhaniya. Muryar cibiyar ilimi ba ta son matashi 'yanci: Na yi da yawa, a koyaushe ake magana a matsayin da ba a gano ba.
Iyaye sun yanke shawarar gwada farin ciki a cikin Ruan Lyceum, inda aka shafa danta. Anan saurayin ya ɗauki tushen, ya nuna mahimman damar zuwa kimiyya da fasaha, kuma mafi mahimmanci, an sami jagora a cikin duniyar adabi. Mawaki Louis Bui da marubucin Gustavet ya zama masu jagoranci na farko. Bayan haka, saurayin ya tafi zuwa babban birnin Faransa, inda ya shiga cikin doka. Amma binciken ya karya yakin tare da prussia.
Saupassant ya tafi na talakawa, a wancan lokacin ya ci amanar da sha'awar ilimin duniya da kimiyyar halitta. Komawa gida, ba zan iya ci gaba da koyo ba - rikicin tattalin arziki ya barke, iyayen sun kasa biya jami'a. Dole ne in je hidimar. Gi na shekaru shida ya ba wa hidimar teku, da kyau rage ƙarshen tare da ƙarshen albashin mai karamin albashi. Aiki, wanda da aka kama da gaske, shi ne takarda.
Halitta
Aiki a cikin ma'aikatar, GI de MAUPAST a karkashin Flaubert ya fara yin matakai na farko akan filin rubutu. Shekaru da yawa kawai sun yi abin da na rubuta, sun rusa rubutun kuma ya sake zama don alkalami. Flaubert ya nace cewa saurayin zai ciyar da lokacin "akan Musa" kowace rana, a cikin ra'ayinsa, kawai wannan hanyar ce kawai zai iya yin nasara. Kuma da farko, haramun dalibin da za a buga. Tare da taimakon mashawarta, Mapassan ya tashi daga ma'aikatar Aure zuwa sashen da ke da alhakin ilimi.
Bugawa na farko a cikin tarihin rayuwar novice ya faru a cikin 1875. Littafin labari "Garkuwar dutse" ta fito a cikin wata jarida a ƙarƙashin wani tsari ", da yawa shekaru, ya yi hayaniya da yawa a kotu. Aikin da ya karbi sabon sunan shi ne "yarinya", wakilan hukumomin Kulawa sun yi la'akari da batsa. Flaubert ya zo ga ceto, yin wasika ce.
A cikin 1880, hasken ya ga labarin "Pyshk", wanda ya shiga cikin tarin. A cikin wannan girma, tare da halartar aikin, maƙwabta labarin Emil Zol, Zhoris-Charles Gyuismmans da sauran Faransa Praikov.
Labarin ya samar da wani mai sukar da masu sukar da masu karatu na amfanin irony da haske na haruffa. A wurin aiki, ya ba da hutu na tsawon watanni shida. Bayan "pyshki", an buga tarin piems ", bayan wanda ya bar jami'in ya yi aiki a jaridar.
A cikin 1980s, mapassan yayi tafiya da yawa. Abubuwan ban sha'awa daga Corsapa, Algeria da Brittany sun zuba cikin littattafan, litattafai da kuma maganganu. Coersicans, alal misali, yi wahayi zuwa ga ƙirƙirar littafi "rayuwa". A shekaru goma na ƙarshe, fasali, marubucin ya sami damar ƙirƙirar aikin daxin.
Sur'ani sakin rubutu "Pierre da Jean", "a kan ruwa", "labarin da litattafan", "a duniya da litattafan", "Lahira" aboki ". Gi dea an kai ga wuraren da suka fara a cikin pleiad na taurarin Faransa.
Mai karatu ya ƙaryata MOOPASSHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASHASAN, SHI YI YI YI AIKIN SAUKI NA GASKIYA. A cikin shekara, marubucin ya samu har zuwa dubu 60 dubu, ba sa manta da uwa da danginsa. Wata hanyar da aka yi wa faduwar rayuwa, an sami wadatattun mutane da yawa, suna dauke da yachts da yawa.
Asirin shahara don marubutan zamani sun bayyana a fili. Zola ya lura cewa dangane da jin daɗin ji, tattaunawa mai kyau tare da mai karatu, kuma idan tana amfani da sabbir, to, idan ta yi amfani da satir, to, ba tare da inuwar mugunta da kaifi ba. Zaki tolstoy ya bayyana abin da ya yi game da shahararren mashahurin Moopassana ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa Faransa ya ga "ma'anar rayuwa a cikin mace, cikin soyayya."
Marubucin ya kori abota da sanannen abokan aiki a cikin littattafai. Kullum da Ivan Turgenev, Alexis, Leon Arims da wasu sanannen halaye. Na ji abokin zama mai kyau kuma na tabbata wani.
Wani ɓangare na ayyukan Gi de Maiupassant ya zama tushen fina-finai. A karo na farko da aikinsa ya zo rayuwa a kan fim din a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. A shekara ta 1934, darektan Mikhail Romm Romm sun cire hoto na jirgin sama "tura". Willy Farist (1936), Pierre Cardinal (1983) da kuma donllana (2012) wakilta. A cikin kaset na ƙarshe, taurari na Hollywood Robert Pattinson, tunawa yawon shakatawa, Christaina Ricci.
Rayuwar sirri
Gi deaupassan ta sami sha'awar rashin sha'awar mata, an ji ƙauna, fara tarin litattafan litattafai da haɗi. Abun son sha'awa ya zama tushen matsayin abubuwan zaki. Ko da rashin jin dadinsu bai daina mutumin ba. Wata rana, saurayin ɗan shekara 18 ya faɗi cikin ƙauna tare da Farisiyawa mai suna Fanny da kuma sadaukar da waƙoƙin ta. Waving a ƙarƙashin tagogi zuwa ƙaunataccen, ya ji yarinyar da dariya game da ikirari cikin ƙaunar abokai.
Akwai wasu sunayen abubuwan sha'awa tunda daga rayuwar Bafaran Faransa: Countss Elmankuelkaya, erminina, Marie Cannes. Koyaya, marubucin ya yi ƙoƙarin kada ya tallata dangantaka don manema labarai. Ko ta yaya har ma an shirya wani duel tare da ɗan jarida wanda ya ambaci Uwargida ta gaba a cikin jaridar.
A cikin 1882, Supassan kwatsam sun yi aure, amma bai kai ga bikin aure ba. Wani mutum kafin ƙarshen rayuwar ya kasance mai yin bachelor. Wataƙila kawai ba a taɓa samun kadai ba. Guy shine marubucin yawancin maganganu game da 'yan matan da suka zama aphoriisms. Ofayansu:
"Ina son mace ɗaya kaɗai - baƙo, wanda ba shi cikin gaskiya."
Abun son kai ya juya kusa da cutar: marubucin ya kamu da Syphilis. Kuma abokin nasa ya rubuta game da gano cewa tare da murna:
"Ina alfahari, Ina da maganin gaske na ainihi, kuma bana jin tsoron karba."Bayan shekaru goma bayan mutuwar GI de Maiupassant a cikin fitowar Allah na Eclo, da masanin aboki "shi ne mahaifin yara uku: 'yan mata biyu da yaro. Saboda yawan mugunta, gwargwadon kwastomomin lokaci, sa sunan mahaifiyar Josesephine Litzelman.
Marubucin da kansa bai taɓa magana game da yara ba, dangi sun ƙaryata game da rayuwar su. Gi ya bar alkawura, wanda kusan duk jihar ta wuce 'yar tsana. Kusan kashi ɗaya na gado ya canza zuwa wurin iyaye.
Mutuwa
Gi de de maupassan yana da mummunar gado. Mama ta sha wahala daga psycosososis, kuma dan uwa ma ya mutu a cikin asibitin tabin hankali. Marubucin ya ji tsoron hana rayuwar rayuwarsa, amma wannan rabo bai wuce ba. Bugu da kari, kiwon lafiya ya lalata tashin hankali na kwakwalwa, saboda ya rubuta ba tare da tsayawa ba.
Gizurin kai, daga baya seizures na damuwa. A cikin 1891, wani mutum ya yi kokarin kashe kansa, yalwata. Ya fadi cikin asibitin tabin hankali, kuma shekaru biyu suka mutu. Sanadin mutuwa shine inna kwakwalwa. Marubucin da zai iya yin gaskiya da taɓa ƙaunar ƙauna, bai tsira har zuwa shekaru 43 ba.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- Moopassan, tare da sauran almara na al'adu, yi hamayya da ginin Eiffel hasumiya, suna kiran tsarin "mummunar skeleton". Sau da yawa an yi zurfi a kan rufin hasumiyar, saboda kawai daga wannan batun ba a gani.
- Marubucin ya ƙaunaci tafiya, ya ziyarci ƙasashe da yawa. Ya yi tafiya a cikin Brittany har ma ya yi jirgin sama a balloon daga Faransa zuwa Belgium.
- The Faransa ya ba da damar kogin, da son wasanni. A 1885 ya sayi jirgin da ake kira "aboki mai kyau." Shekaru uku daga baya, Yacht na biyu ya bayyana, ya fi kyau, amma tare da ainihin suna.
- Game da ƙaunar da ke da sha'awar marubucin barikinsa Francois TasSar ya kirkira littafin "Tunawa da Guy De Mowopassan", tunda ganin haske a 1911. An ajiye marubucin sosai a fili buɗe labulen asirin rayuwar mai shi.
Faɗa
"Ina tattara mata. Tare da daya, na hadu sau daya a shekara, tare da wasu - sau ɗaya a kowane watanni shida, tare da na uku - da zarar kwata. Tare da wasu - lokacin da suke so. Ban ƙaunaci kowa ba "" Kalmomin ƙauna koyaushe iri ɗaya ne, - duk yana dogara da wanda bakinsa ya ci gaba "" haka, ƙauna shine kawai farin ciki "" a kanmu sau da yawa shine, yana gabatar da manyan buƙatu "" yana gabatar da manyan buƙatu "" yana gabatar da manyan buƙatu "" yana gabatar da manyan buƙatu "" yana gabatar da manyan buƙatu "" yana gabatar da manyan buƙatu "" yana gabatar da manyan buƙatu "" yana gabatar da manyan buƙatu "" yana gabatar da manyan buƙatu "" yana gabatar da manyan buƙatu "" yana gabatar da manyan buƙatu "" gabatar da manyan buƙatu "" gabatar da manyan bukatun " Karancin sumbata ba za a iya kwatanta shi da sumbar slating "" mata gaba ɗaya na gaskiya ne ko kuma, fiye da haka, har sau da yawa yana yin kuskure. Haka kuma, shi ne kawai rayuwa kawai ke yin kuskure "" Kowane mutum yana tsaye don guje wa yakin kamar yadda kyaftin jirgin jirgin ke guje wa hatsarin jirgin ruwa "Littafi daya
- 1883 - "Rai"
- 1885 - "Kyakkyawan aboki"
- 1887 - Mont-Oriol
- 1888 - "Pierre da Jean"
- 1889 - "Mai ƙarfi kamar mutuwa"
- 1890 - Zuciyarku
- "Wuta ta yi farin ciki" (mara kyau)
- "Baƙon rai ya" (ba a kare shi ba)
- "Mala'iku" (ba a ƙare ba)