Tari
Shahararren Muhammad marubuci Alexander kore ya gabatar da ayyuka da yawa a cikin dakin karatu. Duk da haka, yawancin littattafan sun yi tarayya da sunan wannan mutumin daiyya mai tamani, rayuwar da take da yawan wuta ", wacce ta nuna jadawalin yarinyar da sunan Assol. Babban gwarzo na littafin ya sadu da ƙaunataccen Arthur Grahaya, kuma makircin wannan aikin ya zama abin da ba zai yiwu ba game da ayyukan cinematographic na shahararrun daraktoci.Yaro da matasa
Alexander Grinevsky (ainihin sunan marubucin) an haife shi 11 (23) 1880. An gudanar da yaron Sasha a garin Slobodsky, wanda yanzu ya kasance a yankin Kirov. Green ya girma kuma ya kawo a cikin dangin da ba na niyya ba, waɗanda ba na duniyar rubutu ba.
Mahaifinsa Stefan Grinevsky, sanda ta ƙasa, mallakar rukunin sojoji na rufewa. A lokacin da Stephana (a Rasha, Stean Evseevich ya kira shi) ya kasance shekara 20, ya zama memba a cikin jerin gwanon Janairu, wanda ya faru a 1863.
Ga mahaɗan makamai a kan tsoffin kasashen farko na Commonwealth, wanda ya koma daular Rasha, grinevsky ya tashi zuwa Kolsvan lardin Tomsk. A shekarar 1868, an bar saurayin ya zauna a lardin Vyatka.
A cikin 1873, grinevsky yi shawara game da hannunsa da zukatan Anna Ladkaya, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin m. Faɗariya Alexnander aka haife shi daga ma'aurata kawai bayan shekaru bakwai da suke da tare. Daga baya, grinevian ya bayyana ƙarin yara uku: ɗa da mata biyu. Iyaye sun tayar da Green Cutar Green. Wani lokacin marubucin nan nan gaba aka zuba, kuma a wasu lokuta ana fuskantar azaba sosai ko jefa ba a kula da komai ba.
Abin lura ne cewa ƙaunar Alexander ta bayyana tun yana da farko. Lokacin da yaron ya yi shekara 6, ya koyi yin karatu: maimakon yin wasa tare da takwarorinsa a cikin sabon iska, yaron ya yi ihu kasada. Na farko karantawa game da aikin Sasha ya zama tetralogy na Jonathan Swift din Jonathan Swift "Goal Gulliera", wanda ya ba da yadda wasu Lemuel ne a duniya na Liliput.
Bugu da kari, matasa masu ado da adored labarin game da masu jin tsoro marasa tsoro wadanda suke tafiya cikin sararin samaniya. Sabili da haka, ba abin mamaki bane cewa karamin ilimin ta'addanci ya nemi maimaita rayuwar jarumawa na rubutu: Mafarki ya yi kokarin shiga tekun, Sasha ta yi kokarin tserewa daga gidan.
A cikin 1889, an ba da ɗa-ɗan shekaru tara a cikin salon salon makarantar. Af, abokan aji guda ɗaya sun ba Sasha Nickname "kore". Abin lura da cewa marubucin aikin ba yaro bane mai biyayya: grinevsky, akasin haka, ya ba da matsala ga malamai da suka lura cewa halayensa sun lura "mafi muni da duk sauran." Koyaya, kore ya sami damar kawo ƙarshen shirye-shiryen shirya kuma tafi zuwa mataki a sama.
Koyaya, kasancewa na biyu-grader, ɗan Poland Shkatich ya cire daga makaranta. Gaskiyar ita ce Sasha, wadda ta tuna ta hanyar wani hali mai wahala, ta yanke shawarar nuna baiwa da kuma rubuta baiwa kuma ya rubuta waka game da malamai.
Gaskiya ne, wannan aikin ba ɗaya a salon Lomonosov: yana dauke da ƙananan ƙananan ƙarfe kuma an yi la'akari da shi sosai. Amma a shekarar 1892, grinevsky ya sami damar komawa karatu: Godiya ya yi uba, saurayin ya dauki makarantar Vyatka, wanda ya yi mummunan suna.
Lokacin da wani saurayi ya juya shekara 15, mummunan lamarin ya faru a rayuwarsa: Alexander kore ya rasa mahaifiyarsa wanda ya mutu daga tarin fuka.
Bayan 'yan watanni, Stepan Grinevsy ya yi aure Lydia medkoy, kodayake, dangantaka da ta'azantar da ita ce ta'azantar da dangin mahaifinsa daga dangin mahaifinta. Jagora na kalmar ya rayu shi kadai, kuma daga yanayin lardin Vyatka, a cikin abin da "ya ta'allaka ne da arya da karya" ya ba da ceto, labarin kasada ya ceci.
Kabilar nan gaba sun kwashe shekaru shida a cikin rufewa. A wannan lokacin, ya sami damar yin aiki kamar yadda murabba'ai, mai ɗaukar kaya, masunta, jirgin ƙasa, mai ɓoyewa, har ma mai zane-zane na circus circus. A cikin shekarar 1896, ya sauke karatu daga makarantar Vyatka kuma ya tafi Odessa kuma ya zama mai tsaron gidan jirgin ruwa, yana karbar 25 da aka samu daga wurin Uba. A cikin sabon gari na kore don ɗan takaitaccen lokaci, ba shi da kuɗi don abinci.
A lokacin da Alexander ya samu kansa a jirgin ruwa - tsammaninsa bai yi daidai da gaskiya ba: maimakon na faranta da jirgin ruwa na kariyar jirgin ruwa mai ƙarfi.
A cikin 1902, saboda matsanancin bukatun a cikin kuɗin, Alexander Stepanovich ya shiga cikin sabis na soja. Muryar rayuwar soja da aka tilasta masa Grinevian zuwa hamada: Bayan rapprochement tare da masu juyin juya hali, koren ya dauki ayyukan karkashin kasa. A cikin 1903, an kama wani saurayi kuma ya aika shekara 10 zuwa Siberiya. Ya kuma yi shekara biyu a hanyar akwatin da ke cikin akwatin da kuma lokaci daya ya yi rayuwa a karkashin Fasfo na baƙon a St. Petersburg.
Litattafai
Alexander Stepanovich ya rubuta labarinsa na farko a 1906: Daga wannan lokacin, ya kama saurayin gaba ɗaya. Aikinsa na farko da ake kira "ya cancanci peteleeva mai zaman kansa" game da cin zarafin da ke aiki a hidimar soja.
An buga yanki na kore na kore a karkashin sa hannu na A. S. G. A matsayinka na kamfen na ma'aikata a cikin sojoji, sojojin da suka kai kansu. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa an cire duk kewayawa daga gidan buga takardu kuma an ƙone ta hannun 'yan sanda. Alexander Stepanovich, duk rayuwarsa da aka yi la'akari da rubutun da aka rasa, amma a 1960 Kwafin guda ɗaya na ƙirar an samo shi a cikin "Sashen Hadin gwiwar da aka samu a cikin Moscow Gendarineri".
Bayan haka, daga angelander Alexander kore gashin tsuntsu, aikin "giwa da Moskka" ya bayyana, wanda ya sha wahala ɗaya. Aikin farko da ya kai ga shagunan littafin shine labarin "a Italiya".
Tun daga 1908, marubucin ya fara buga tarin labaru, tying a karkashin kirkirar labarai "Green": marubuci ya ƙunshi labarai 25 a cikin wannan shekara, yana samun kuɗi mai kyau. A shekara ta 1913, da yardar jama'a suka ga rubuce-rubucen Alexander Stepanovich a cikin hanyar uku.
Kowace shekara, grinevsky ya inganta kwarewar sa: Taken aikin ya fadada, plotts ya cika littattafansa da kwatancen da Aphorisms wanda ya zama sananne a cikin mutane.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa grinevsky yana ɗaukar matsayi na musamman a duniyar wallafe-wallafen Rasha. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa marubucin ba shi da sauran magabata, ko mabiya. Koyaya, marubucin da kansa ya zargi da labaran edgary da, Jack London, Hoffman, Stevenson da sauran halayen kirki. Amma idan nazarin nassin, ya juya cewa wannan makircin ya kasance cikin ƙasa sosai kuma ba ya barata.
Hakanan, sunan Alexander Green an kwatanta shi da ƙasar Greenland. Marubucin da kansa bai yi amfani da sunan wannan yanayin ba a cikin ayyukansa, mai sukar sa na Sojojinsa Citylius da aka kirkira, wanda ya bayyana wurin aiwatar da manyan haruffa a cikin litattafan kore.
Masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa sashin ƙasa, inda ƙasar marubucin ke kan iyakar jirgin ruwa ta kudancin China. An yanke wannan a kan ambaton a ayyukan ainihin kujerun: New Zealand, Pacific, da sauransu.
A cikin 1916-1922, an rubuta Girn labari "da alama da gangara da dama", wanda ya girmama shi. Abin lura ne cewa wannan aikin ya mallaki gashin tsuntsu ya yi wa matar biyu Nina. Tunanin aikin da aka haife shi a gaban marubucin ba da gangan: Alexander Stemanvich ya ga jirgin ruwa da farin jirgi a cikin wani wasan wasa da kayan wasa.
"Wannan wasan wasa ya ce wani abu a wurina, amma ban san abin da, sannan na tantance ko jirgi mai kyau zai faɗi ƙarin, kuma mafi kyau fiye da launi mullolet, saboda a cikin Alom akwai haske bashyitting. Lantarki na nufin ilimi, me yasa kake jin daɗi. Sabili da haka, tana tura daga wannan, tana ɗaukar raƙuman ruwa da filayen da ke tafe, na ga burin nasa, "in ji marubucin".A cikin 1928, Alexander Stepanovich yana haifar da babban aikinsa, wanda yake ba da suna "Gudun a raƙuman ruwa".
Wannan labari ne game da rashin jin daɗi, masu sukar zamani suka dauki irin na zamani. Alexander kore ya saba wa masu karatu kan aikin fushin Uba (1929), "babu inda" shaidan ruwan lemo "(1929) da" shaidan ruwan lemo "(1929).
Ana kiran littafin na ƙarshe na marubucin, duk da haka, wannan aikin Alexander Green bai da lokacin gama gama.
Rayuwar sirri
Daga tarihin kore, an san cewa an yi masa baftisma ta hanyar Orhodox na al'ada, ko da yake mahaifinsa ya zama mai bi Katolika. Duk da cewa ra'ayoyin da marubucin ya fara canzawa a kan lokaci, matarsa ta yi bikin cewa: yayin da a Crimea, grinevsky ta ziyarci cocin Ista kuma musamman yana ƙaunar bikin Ista.
Amma ga rayuwar mutum, marubucin Romanov ya yi aure sau biyu. Matan farko ya zama Vera Pvlovna Abramov, ɗan izini mai arziki. Abin lura ne cewa a cikin labarin "Doublean zuriyar dabbobi a kan Kogin", vera ce vera wacce ta zama jigon babban gwarzo na Geley.
Aurensu, wanda ya fara ne a cikin 1908, ya kare a cikin kisan aure a kan wani saki ne na Abramova: Mace, bisa ga ta, ta gaji da rashin lafiyar mijinta. Bai kara fahimtar juna da kuma yawan saƙar zuma ba. Alexander Stepanovich kansa ya yi ƙoƙari ya nisanta. Ya sadaukar da shi don ya yi imani da littattafai da yawa, ya rubuta ɗaya daga cikinsu: "aboki na kawai." Hakanan, har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwar, kore ba ta cikin hoton hoton Vera Pavlovna.
Koyaya, a cikin 1921, wani saurayi ya yi aure Nina Mلova, wanda ya rayu sauran rayuwarsa. Ma'auratan sun rayu da farin ciki kuma sunyi la'akari da juna kyautar rabo.
Lokacin da Alexander Stepanovich ya mutu, Nina kore bayan da aka fitar da mutanen Crimea zuwa Jamusanci don aiki. Bayan dawo da USSR, an zargi matar da ke faɗar ƙasarsa, shekaru 10 masu zuwa a sansanonin. Abin lura ne cewa duka matan kore ne ba su saba da kawai ba, amma kuma abokantaka, idan ya yiwu, goyan bayan junan su a cikin mawuyacin aiki da lokacin zango.
Mutuwa
Alexander Stepanovich Goron mutu a lokacin bazara na 1932. Sanadin mutuwa shine cutar kansa. An binne tarihin a cikin tsohon Crimea, kuma an sanya wani abin tunawa a kan kabarinsa ne bisa aikin "Gudun kan raƙuman ruwa".
Yana da mahimmanci a lura da cewa bayan nasarar Tarayyar Soviet a cikin yakin duniya na II, littattafan kore da kuma sababi na ra'ayoyin pretariat. Bayan rasuwar Yusuf Stalin, an sake fasalta sunan kore.
A cikin tunawa da marubucin marubutan, an bude gidan kayan gargajiya a Fiodosia, tituna, dakunan karatu, an mai suna Gymaciums da ƙari.
Littafi daya
- 1906 - "a Italiya"
- 1907 - "lemu"
- 1907 - "Abin sani"
- 1908 - "tramp"
- 1908 - "mutane biyu"
- 1909 - "Jirgin Sama"
- 1909 - "maniac"
- 1909 - "Abin da ya faru a titin PSA"
- 1910 - "A cikin gandun daji"
- 1910 - "Akwatin tare da sabulu"
- 1911 - "HOONDIOND KARANTA"
- 1912 - "wasan hunturu"
- 1914 - "Ba tare da jama'a ba"
- 1915 - "aviat-lunatic"
- 1916 - "asirin gida 41"
- 1917 - "Ruhun Bourgeois"
- 1918 - "bijimai a cikin tumatir"
- 1922 - "White Wuta"
- 1923 - "Scarlet saukar da"
- 1924 - "Balaguro Balaguro"
- 1925 - "shida ashana"
- 1927 - "Legend na Ferguson"
- 1928 - "Gudun kan raƙuman ruwa"
- 1933 - "Pelvet Porter"
- 1960 - "Mun zauna a bakin"
- 1961 - "dutse mai dutse" ranch