Tari
Don Spanish, sunan gidan Teotokopoulos ya rikitarwa, saboda haka bayan motsawa zuwa Toledo, mai zane ya fara kiran kansa domenico greenco, ko kuma El Greco, ko El Greco, ko El Greco A cikin maganganun da aka nuna asalin - an haife shi a cikin Cret, kuma Spain ya zama ƙasa na biyu a gare shi.
Anan a ƙarshen rana ta 16 ga karni na goma, mai zanen ya haifar da shahararren shahararrun zane, gami da "hurumi na kungiyar Bugawa", wanda ake la'akari da misalan Matar Merherism. Rashin damuwa da damuwa, ya bambanta da zane-zane da hanyoyin haske - duka a cikin ayyukan El Greco ya yi aiki don nasarar da kuma bayyana mafi girman abin ban mamaki. Tafiya ta tasirin da ke da fasaha, gami da Pablo Picasso, Cibiyar Cezan, Edward Mana.
Yaro da matasa
Iyalin Helenanci wanda a cikin 1541 na gaba da mahimmancin mahaliccin Spanish a zanen da aka haife, bai buƙaci komai ba. Shugaban dangi ya samu ba kawai kasuwanci ba, har ma tattara haraji. 'Ya'yan Domenico da Manussos sun sami kyakkyawan ilimi ta hanyar matsayin wannan zamanin. Akwai tabbaci cewa sun koyar da tsohuwar helenanci da Latin.
Lokacin da Domenico ya yi shekara 15, mahaifinsa ya mutu. Kula da dangi ya kwanta a kafada na ɗan'uwan ɗan'uwan, Makariya Manussos. Bayan haka, ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga kasuwanci. Domenico ya zabi hanyar fasaha. A cikin alewa, da guilt na masu zane-zane sun yi aiki. Wani saurayi ya shiga cikin al'umma.
Zane
Kare na Cretan na karni na 16 shine, da farko, zanen gunkin. Rashin ingancin kirkirar marubutan yankin ya hada da tsananin tsananin siffar na Byzantine tare da manufofin Italiya. An karɓi umarni daga duka al'ummomin Katolika da Orthodox.
Domenico Totokopoulos ya karbi taken Jagora ba daga baya ba shekara 22. Wannan ya ba da damar bude bitar nasa, da kuma zane-zane, ya yi imanin "masana tarihi, ta sami fa'ida. A key aiki na farko lokacin da m biography of El Greco an dauke "ɗauka cewa na Virgin". Tare da "shahadar paraskeva mai tsarki", Mikhail Damascus aiki ana ɗaukarsa azaman samfuri na gādo na zanen gawar na Creran.
A 26, mai zane yana barin mahaifarsa. A shekarar 1967, Teotokopoulos ya zauna a Venice, kuma shekaru uku bayan haka ta koma Roma. Kashi na masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa a cikin birni a kan ruwa, mai zane na Novice ya yi aiki a cikin Titan. Ofaya daga cikin titans na Renaissance ta wannan lokacin ya kasance shekara 8 da suka wuce, amma ya musulunta a cikin bitar.
Roman lokacin kirkirar El Greek yana lura da tasirin Renaissance. Ana gano salon mai fita a cikin haske mai haske luxogrigricitions, jikewa na zanen, elongation na silhouettes. Amma haruffa suna ƙara daskararre a ƙarƙashin goga a cikin damuwa yana ɗaukar lokacin girbin sauro. Ana samun ma'anar ma'anar magana a cikin "na yamma", kuma a cikin "bayyani", kuma a cikin "hijira na 'yan kasuwa daga Haikali daga Haikali."
Al'ummar da ke jawo masanin ilmin gargajiya tana jan hankalin Elite Homan. Ana gayyatar da shi zuwa liyafar Fournes na Cardinal Alessandro, inda wani zanen matasa ya cika masana kimiyya, masana falsafa, masu fasaha. Amma da sannu bako ya rasa wurin: Domenico ya karu da hukumomin lokacin da ya gabata. Bari Renassance ya bar matakin, amma ƙwaƙwalwar wakilan masu amsa suna har yanzu suna da rai.
"Ya kasance mutumin kirki, amma bai san yadda za a zana kwata-kwata ba," bayanin zane na Girka, yana cewa, alal misali, game da Michelagelo.Har ma ya kama karfin gwiwa don bayar da shugaban Kirista ya sake jan FreesCo "na ban tsoro" a cikin riguna na Sisine na Era na Ahosine na Era.
"Wawa Ino Semechan," mai zane Tarayyar Eigorio amsa game da El Greco.Hatta mai rikitarwa tare da mawaki. Duk da bambanci tare da jama'a tare da jama'a, a cikin 1972 The Totokopolos ya buɗe bitar a cikin "Barin Madawwami", amma ya gaza samun manyan umarni, da domenico ya bar Italiya.
Spain ta sa jan hankalin mai hangen nesa na aiki: Mulkin wannan jihar Philip na Philip II yana sha'awar adon wuraren wasan kwaikwayo na ciki, zaben Marrers ne. Kasancewa a Madrid da ganin makasudin mamaye daga Sarki, El Greko ya hadu da tauhidi Benitano Montano da kuma yawan cocin tedalsky kusa da Abbot. A sakamakon haka, maimakon umarnin sarauta, kwantiragin farko na Spain na farko da mai zane ya sanya hannu tare da wakilan Ikklisiya.
A kan buƙata, an ƙirƙiri zane-zane 10, mafi mashahuri game da "matsalar na'ura tare da Kristi." Gasar ta daure, tana jaddada matsin lamba game da Cikin Almasihu, Conta, Lokacin da mai tallafi mai mahimmanci yana shirin rushe ciyawar daga gare shi, kuma, ba shakka, tsananin ja ya cika da aikin halayyar mai ban mamaki Manherism.
Ban sha'awa al'amari: ga zane, wanda yanzu ya wadãtu da fitacciyar duniya art, da coci ki biya da ayyana 950 ducats. Ta hanyar kotu, marubucin cimma adadin sau uku kasa - 350 ducats. Buƙatun Buƙatun aka rage zuwa da cewa El Greek sanya himselfly a kan gaba wajen Three Mari, Koi aka ambata ba a cikin canonical version of abubuwan da suka faru. Bugu da kari, da churchmen outraged da wuri daga cikin testers sama da shugaban Almasihu. Duk da haka, domin ga Tolel Cathedral tabbata El Greco a Spain.
Kuma duk da haka, a cikin gabatarwa na Philip II, shi bai taimaka. A fenta yi biyu umarni ga monarch, amma aikin sarki da aka ba burge, da kuma ha] in gwiwar da aka kawai kaddamar da El Greek katse. The 44-shekara marubucin yanke shawarar dauki amfani da daraja nasara a Toledo da kuma bude wani taron nan a 1585. A Roman Mataimakin Teotokopoulos Francisco Premble koma Spain.
Ba da da ewa fenta Halicci sufi masana'anta - hoto na binne daga cikin hadaddun na sashin jiki. Yana amfani da mãkirci na addini labari game da m mazaunin na Toledo, wanda kudi da coci. The "binne" siffanta biyu tsarkaka da suke da sauko daga sama zuwa ga handituate da mai kyautata. A zane da aka halitta da Tolesk Church of San Tome.
Tsakanin 1587 da 1592, da zane-zane rubuta wani hoto na tushen zanen "manzanni Bitrus da Bulus" dangane da bambanci na images. A yau an adana shi a cikin Hermitage. Marubucin ne ba dan hanya da salo na faɗi, ko da yake wannan tsummoki a cikin al'adunmu na El Greco uku. Cikin shahararrun "Toledo View", da suke nuna wani hasken gari hasken ciki da haske, baza a karkashin ciki, hadiri sama. A hoto ya zama daya daga cikin na farko shimfidar a Turai zanen.
Jim kadan kafin mutuwar, da mai gida ya halitta wani zane "karbo daga cikin biyar Bugun", wanda ya kamata ya kari ciki ado na Toledo Church Yahaya Maibaftisma. A hoto ne partially rasa: a nuna na 19-20 ƙarni, da restorers yanke babba part. An yi imani da cewa a cikin wannan tsari, da aikin bauta a matsayin tushen wahayi zuwa ga Picasso lokacin rubuta "Avignon mãtã mãsu."
El Greek aka sanshi a matsayin portraitist wanda zai iya wuce da hali a cikin fasali na bayyanar. A Toledo ya shiga cikin sassaka, halitta Altari for Chapel San Jose. Muhimmancin kerawa ake dangantawa da samuwar mannerism, wanda aiki a matsayin tushen Baroque, da kuma m ban mamaki daga cikin zane-zane a yarda mu yi magana game da El Greek a matsayin share fagen na cubism da expressionism.
Rayuwar sirri
Daga shekaru 36, ya yi zama a cikin ainihin aure da dan Spain Heronim De Las Cuevas. A 1578, suna da wani dan wanda ya kira Jorge Manuel.
Masu binciken sun ba da shawarar cewa domenico ya yi aure kafin: ya kammala aure ko a cikin cirte, ko a Italiya. Kuma hakan bai yarda ya yi rajistar bin doka da Heronim ba. A lokaci guda, El Greco ya ambaci matar a cikin takardu na jami'ai, ciki har da nufin, kuma ga will.
Mutuwa El Greco
A cikin 1614, mai zane yana aiki akan umarnin Toledo Asibiti, amma aikin ba ya ƙare. Zango yana rashin lafiya, kuma jihar ta lalace rana.
Fahimtar da ba zan murmure ba, El Helenanci ya yi nasarar jawo abin. Mawaki ya mutu a ranar 7 ga Afrilu. Aka binne shi a gidan sufi, wanda aka lalata shi. Ragowar mai zane-zane sun ɓace.
Aiki
- 1560-1565 - "Modensky Triptych"
- 1567 - "Zuwan Budurwa"
- 1570 - "Biyayya ta ƙarshe"
- 1570 - "Bauta na magari
- 1570 - "Hoton Julio Cread"
- 1571-1575 - 'Yowar' yan kasuwa daga Haikali "
- 1573 - "Kristi akan gicciye"
- 1577-1579 - "Magana da tufafi ne daga Kristi"
- 1585 - "Iyali mai tsarki"
- 1586 - "hurumi na kirga Orsas"
- 1587-1592 - "Manzannin Bitrus da Bulus"
- 1595 - "Manzo?" Manzo? "Manzo, da Saint Francis"
- 1596-1600 - "Duba Toledo"
- 1600 - "Hoton Kai"
- 1608-1614 - "Cire Buga na Biyar"