Tari
Nikolai Ostrovsky - marubucin aikin rashin mutuwa "yaya zan taurare". Abubuwan da suka faru na wannan littafin da protagonist, sauke Korchas, sun daɗe suna da alaƙa da jaruntakar rashin son kai, ikon ƙarfin ruhi. Littafin da aka fasa da aka rushe da aphoriisms, da maganganun Korchagin game da rayuwa kuma gwagwarmaya har abada ya kasance mai dacewa. Koyaya, mutane kalilan ne suka san cewa sabanin rubutun don Ostrovsky ya zama ƙaramin gwaji fiye da waɗanda suka fadi wa haruffa.Yaro da matasa
An haifi marubucin nan gaba ranar Satumba 29, 1904 a cikin karamin ɗan ƙauyen Vilia, wanda a cikin lardin Volaln (yanzu shine yankin Ukraine). Uba Nicholas soja ne mai ritaya, yayi aiki a kan manyan samarwa, inna ta kasance mai dafa abinci. Yara shida sun girma a cikin dangin Ostrovsky: Ostrovsky yana da manyan 'yan'uwa mata biyu, ɗan'uwan tsoho da' yan'uwa biyu. Gaskiya ne, 'yan matan matasa biyu sun mutu tun yana da tsufa.
Ostrovsky ya rayu cikin bukata - babban iyali ya nemi farashi mai yawa, saboda haka 'ya'yan sun fara samun kyawawan wuri, taimaka wa iyaye. Lokacin da Nikolai ya tafi makarantar Ikklesiya, manyan 'yan'uwansu sun riga sun yi aiki a matsayin malamai. A makaranta nan da nan aka lura da fitattun iyawar Ostrovsky: Yaron a lokacin bazara ya kama wani abu. Tuni a cikin shekaru 9, Nikolai ya sami takardar izinin kammala karatun makaranta da takardar jirgin ruwa.
Bayan haka, dangin Ostrovsky sun koma garin Sheppka, inda Nikolai ya sami damar shiga makarantar. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, saurayin ya sami difloma kuma ya tafi aiki. Ostrovsky dole ne ya kawo wurin Mataimakin Kitchen, mai motsa jiki, CUBOVET, CUBOVER, karar a kalla samu da taimaka wa iyaye. Koyaya, saurayi bai bar niyya don ƙarin koyo kuma a 1918 ya shiga makarantar farko ta farko ba.
Dalibi Dating da aka amince da Nikolai a cikin Adalcin ra'ayoyin Bolshevik, saurayin ya zama mai fafutuka har ma ya halarci ayyukan karkashin kasa, ya ba da ganye da kuma cika aikin mai ma'ana. Ostrovsky ne ya kama gaba daya, kuma a cikin 1919, saurayin ya shiga cikin rukunin Komsomol. A lokaci guda, Nikolai ya faɗi a gaban, ya ji rauni mai zafi a ciki da kuma kai, da fadowa daga doki, ya lalata kashin baya. Halin lafiya bai yarda da Nicholas ya ci gaba da zama a sojoji, da saurayin da zai rage ba.
Koyaya, ba tsibirin da za mu yi gunaguni game da rabo kuma zauna ba tare da wani yanayi ba. A bayan bayan, saurayin ya taimaka kwayoyin HCC, sannan ya koma Kiev, inda ya sami aikin mataimakin ma'aikacin kotu. A cikin layi daya, Nikolai sake tafi koyon, wannan lokacin zaɓi injiniyoyin lantarki.
Abin takaici, raunukan raunukan ba su iyakance ga: A cikin 1922 ba, yana ceton wani daga cikin ruwan kankara. Bai wuce ba tare da ganowa ba ga lafiyar Nikolai Alekseeeevich, kuma daga baya ya sha wahala a cikin kabarin ba da daɗewa ba a cikin kabari .
An yi sa'a, Nikolai Alokseevich ya gano daga Typphoid da zazzabi, amma sun sha wahala raunin da rashin lafiya a ƙarshe su haɗa lafiyar saurayi. Ostrovsky ya fara haɓaka ƙwayar tsokoki, wanda cutar haɗin gwiwa ce. Ya zama mafi wahalar motsawa, kuma likitocin sun ba da jita-jita mencasting.
Litattafai
Tarihin Kiran Nikolai Ostrovsky ya fara ne a zahiri ma'anar kalmar a kan gadon asibiti. Tun lokacin da yake, Nikolai Aloksevich ya ƙaunaci Karatu: Ayyukan Fenimor Coper, Jules Verne da Walter Scott a zahiri "haɗiye" tare da haɗi "tare da haɗaka zuwa littattafan Yaron.
Daga baya, Ostrovsky kira kira da aka fi so ayyukan "Ovod", Rafaello Jawanoli. A hankali, abin sha'awa ya juya cikin mahalarta: Ostrovsky don wucewa a cikin asibitoci, ya fara rubuta, marubucin da ya yi magana da yawun da Alexander Ostrovsky.
Tun daga 1927, Ostrovsky ba zai iya yin tafiya a kan nasu ba, SPRAIIKA ta gano cutar Bekhterev, har da Polythritis. Nikolay Alekseevich ya sha wahala da yawa, amma ko da wannan ba a sauƙaƙa wannan yanayin ba. Ba da daɗewa ba ya bayyana a sarari cewa cigaban ba zai zama ba. Marubucin a wannan lokacin ya zama shekaru 23.
Duk da haka, Nikolay Alekseeevich ya fara aiki da wuya kuma har ma ya kammala karatun digiri daga sashin sashen Sizuriyar Jami'ar Sverdlovsk. A cikin layi daya, saurayin ya rubuta da yawa, a game da wannan lokacin ya kasance rubutun "Haihuwar guguwa", wanda ya zama farkon sigar Propot "yadda baƙin ƙarfe yake." Na watanni shida, marubucin ya sadaukar da wannan aikin, sannan kuma zaɓin rubutun da aka rasa lokacin jigilar kaya.
Aikin ya zama dole don sake, amma a nan ne ostrovsky yana jiran sabuwar matsala: marubucin ya fara gani. Yana da matukar tsotse matsayin kyawawan halaye na Nikolai Alekseevich, da Ensionca ma sun yi tunanin kisan kai, amma karfe zai ci gaba, da Ostrovsky ci gaba da rubuta. Da farko, an kirkiri littafin makanta, lokaci-lokaci Nikolai Aleksevich, da matarsa wanda ya kula da shi. Kuma daga nan ya zo da stencil, wanda ya ba da damar yin aiki kaɗan da sauri.
Bayan wani lokaci, rubutun ya shirya. Ostrovsky aika aiki ga gidan bugawa, amma amsar ba ta jira ba. Sannan Nikolai Alekseevich ya aika da aikinsa ga mai buga gidan "Matasa tsaro", daga inda ya karba saboda "mahimmancin haruffa."
Amma da nufin da kuma manufar marubuci bai yarda ya koma baya ba. Ostrovsky ya sami sake bincika rubutun. A wannan karon, an aika da aikin don bugawa, duk da haka, kafin a sake gina wannan editocin, kuma an sake rubuta rubutu.
Don haka ga marubuci, wani sabon mataki na littafin ya fara: kare kowane sakin layi. Koyaya, a cikin 1932 ɓangare na farko na littafin "Yaya karfe wuya," ya fito, bayan ɗan lokaci ƙarshen littafin.
Nasara ta wuce mafi ƙarfin fata na Ostrovsky: ɗakunan karatu sun fara zama don aiwatar da ayyukan sa, mutane za su tafi rukuni kuma ba su da damar abubuwan da suka fi so.
A lokacin rayuwa Nikolai Alekseeevich "yaya macen ta taurare" aka sake bugawa "sau 41. Ostrovsky ya fara tunani game da ci gaba da labari, kuma an shirya rubuta wani aiki "yara 'yara" ga yara. Sabon littafin, wanda marubucin ya fara aiki, ya sami sunan "haihuwar" guguwa ". An kori zane na aikin a wani taron kungiyar marubutan. Abin takaici, sabon labari ba ya ƙarewa.
Rayuwar sirri
Duk da cutar, rayuwar Nikolai Ostrovyky ta ci gaba da farin ciki. Matar marubucin ya zama ɗan lokaci mai tsayi da ke tsaye na Mostery Raisa Mats Matsyuk.
Matar ta tallafa wa ƙaunataccen lokacin da mafi muni kuma ya taimaka wa Nikolai Aleksevich ci gaba da aiki kuma kada ya rasa imani da kanta. Bayan mutuwar mijinta, Raisa Porfirirtevna tana jagorantar Gidan kayan gargajiya na Ostrovsky a cikin Moscow, yayin da ke riƙe da cikakkun bayanai game da tarihin rayuwar marubucin.
Mutuwa
Watan da ya gabata na rayuwar Nikolai Ostrovsky sadaukar da sabon labari. Marubucin ya mai da marubuci a kan kwanaki da dare, yana ƙara wa shugabannin wannan littafin. Abin takaici, ba a ƙaddara shi ya sanya aya ta ƙarshe ba: a ranar 22 ga Disamba, 1936 Nikolai Aleksevich bai yi ba. Likitocin zamani sun kira dalilin mutuwar ostrovsky scarm schosis, da ci gaba da cutar bekhtereva.
26 ga Disamba, a ranar jana'izar tsibirin, wanda ba a gama ba ya fito daga ganuwar mai shela: an zira aikin da kuma sanya shi a lokacin riko rubucen.
Kabari na marubucin is located a Moscowvichy hurumi na Moscow. Bayan mutuwar Nikolaivky, aka bude a cikin birane daban-daban, da kuma irin kayan tarihi a cikin Moscow, Sochi, Sheeptovka. Abubuwan da suka faru na rayuwar Nikolai Alekseeevich sun nuna a cikin fim din fim din "rayuwar ban mamaki na Nikolai Ostrovsky".
Littafi daya
- 1927 - "Labarin" Kotovtsy "(labarin Autubiogogographical, an rasa rubutun lokacin da jigilar kaya)
- 1934 - "yaya zan taurare"
- 1936 - "Haraji mai guguwa"