Tari
Adadin azurfa ya gabatar da littattafan Rasha da yawa sunaye masu haske. Ofaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa hoton nuna Rasha Leonid Andreev tare da salon peculiar ta hanyar dama yana faruwa a cikin pleiad na kwararrun ƙarni na Xix-XX ƙarni.Yaro da matasa
A ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, 1871, a cikin dangin Ambaror-haraji Nikolai Ivanovich da 'yar Landownner Anastasievna, yaron nee, wanda aka haife shi. An kira leonid leonid, kuma shi ne cewa an ƙaddara shi a nan gaba ayyukan nan gaba, har yanzu ya shafe zukatan, ya ɓoye murabus na rai.
Andreevs ya rayu a cikin birnin orel a kan titin Pharmar na 2 - wanda aka ajiye marubucin tare da haruffan labarinsa "Bargamot da Garaska". A lokacin haihuwar yaron, dangin Ambare ya sami akalla wasu kwanciyar hankali na kudi.
Leonid mahaifin mahaifinsa ya mutunta mahaifinsa da tabbataccen hali da ƙaunar adalci. Abin takaici, Nikolai Ivanovich tana ƙaunar sha, kuma suna sha don yin yaƙi. Leonid Andreej daga baya ya ce ya gada daga mahaifinsa, barasa. Kuma daga mahaifiyar, albeit mara ilimi, amma tare da wani arziki mai arziki, kyauta ce mai kirkirar halitta.
A cikin motsa jiki na motsa jiki, litattafan nan gaba sun jingina hannayen sa har ma ta kasance a shekara ta biyu. Cewa ya yi nasara sosai, saboda haka waɗannan da ya saba rubuta wa abokan karatunsa sau da yawa. Bayan haka, Leonid ya bayyana baiwa ta kwaikwayon - yana iya sauƙi "karya", alal misali, Chekhov ko Tolmatoy.
Kuma tun daga farkon yara, yaron yana ƙaunar karatu, kuma kamar yadda kansa ya rubuta to to ya rubuta a cikin Autobiography, "littattafai mai". Amma gaskiyar cewa wannan yaro zai zama marubuci, a waccan shekarun ba wanda ya ɗauka, ciki har da Andreev da kansa.
A cikin shekaru makaranta, Leonid ya nuna zane. Alas, a cikin garinku babu dama da zai sami ilimin asali akan zanen, wanda marubucin ya yi nadama. Kuma daga lokaci zuwa lokaci har yanzu an ɗauke shi don buroshi - zuwa ɓangaren aikinsa Leonid Andreev da kansa ya fito da misalai.
Rubutu ya girma daga karatu. Leonid ya karanta da yawa: Tolstoy, Hartmanna, Schopenhauer. Latterarshe tana babban tasiri a kan aikin marubucin, musamman littafin "zaman lafiya a matsayin so da gabatarwa", daya daga cikin littattafan da aka fi so littattafai. A karkashin tasirin marubutan marubutan a cikin shekaru 15-16, saurayi ya fara wahala "tambayoyi."
Sa'an nan kuma Sorreev ya ba da alkawarin rushe kansa ta hanyar soyayya, ɗabi'a, addini da "gama rayuwarsu da kowane lokaci." Wannan kalmar ta zama sananne ga zuriyar da godiya ga marubucin Rasha, zamanin da kuma ta zamani ƙazanta ta goge.
Andreev bai san yadda za ku yi natsuwa ba, a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa Akwai yawancin sasanninta - yana ƙoƙarin kashe kansa, haƙarƙarin haƙarƙashiya na dogon lokaci. Gabaɗaya, kalmar "Soyayya" ba zai yiwu a cikakken girman yanayin m da rikicewar marubucin ba. Soyayya a gare shi wani yanki ne mai tuki, wajibcin halitta.
A matsayin dalibi na Jami'ar Tattaunawa ta St. Petersburg, Leonid ya tilasta yin karatu saboda kisan kai da aka gaza a dalilin da ba a kiyaye shi ba. Wani dalili don barin jami'ar ita ce mutuwar Uba ita ce mutuwar Uba. Aikin da ake ciki na dangi yana girgiza sosai, kuma saboda haka, ya bace damar da zai biya don biyan karatun su. Sai kuma ya fara sha, kuma ya yi tunãni. Labari na farko game da ɗalibin yunwa sun bayyana daidai lokacin da, amma bai yarda da shi a ofishin edita ba.
Ya ci gaba da marubucin sa na ɗalibin da na baiwa jami'ar Moscow. Leonid ya sami ransa da danginsa na marar magana. Ya kuma rubuta hotuna don yin oda. A cikin ɗalibin saurayin bai son siyasa, ba kamar matasa mutane ba, amma falsafar Nietzsche.
Musamman kusa da shi akwai dabaru na ma'anar rayuwar da ƙimar mutum a cikin kanta. Kasancewa a gida a cikin hutu a shekara ta 1894, Leonid ya sake ƙauna, kuma ba tare da nasara ba. Wani ya yi kokarin kashe kansa. Bayan haka, kuma andav samu magani na kullum (cututtukan zuciya), wanda daga baya ya shafe shi.
An samu nasarar kammala jami'a a cikin 1897, marubucin ya shiga ayyukan lauya har zuwa 1902. A lokaci guda, da kuma wadatar aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a cikin Moscow Eddings - "Courier" da "Bulasawa".
Litattafai
A cikin 1898, labarin andreeva "Barasgot da Garaska" an buga su a cikin wasika a karon farko. Tsarkin ya zo wa marubucin a cikin 1901, bayan littafin nan a cikin mujallar "Rayuwa" labarin "ya rayu." Ba da daɗewa ba Leonid Andreev ya bar lauya kuma a hankali ya dauki littattafai.
Sauke da maraice mara kyau, ta haifar da kayan dafa abinci, Bunin da sauran marubuta, sun sha sukar a matsayin zargi na soso da shawara. Aikin marubucin ya sanar da Maim Gorky kuma ya taimaka wa cewa sakin wannan labarun farko, da kuma babban wurare dabam dabam. Ya kasance sau hudu a sake komawa ga shahara.
"Ya mala'ika", ",", "ya yi" ya "", "yahudawa", "da ba a saba ba kuma a lokaci guda zane mai haske zane mai haske na gaskiyar da ke kewaye da yaren rai. Aauna labarun suna zaune kusa da kusa - Ee a kan turawa guda na 2 a cikin orel.
Labarun da aka buga a 1902 sun haifar da spores zafi. Mawallafin yana magana ne game da abin da aka ɗauka da shiru da shiru, game da tsoro, game da ilhami, wanda a cikin yanayin damuwa, wanda a cikin yanayin damuwa, a cikin yanayin damuwa, kamar yadda, alal misali, a cikin labarin "Abyss".
Shahararren "ja dariya" Adava, hoto mai ban mamaki na yakin Rasha-Japan, m mummunan aiki. Marubucin da kansa bai yi gwagwarmaya ba, amma akwai isasshen rahoto da kuma labaran tunani, saboda haka wadatar tunanin marubucin kuma mai fasaha ya haifar da zane mai ban tsoro na karkarar yaƙi.
A mataki na gaba na kirkirar halittar Andrev da aka kirkira - yana da, labari, labari, "Diary Israbi", da sauransu. Yahaya Israiab ya sa al'adu da yawa da yawa, domin a cikin wannan labarin Manzannin - talakawa, ba wai yana da baƙon abu ba, da Yahuza. An buga labarin a Jamusanci, Ingilishi da Faransanci, ya tsira garkuwa da garkuwa da yawa.
Abun fasalin kerawa na Leonid Andreeva daga ra'ayin masu sukar kwalliya shine rashin iya haifar da ayyukan marubucin zuwa wani shugabanci a cikin wallafe-wallafen. Hanyoyi daban-daban na zane-zane da marubucin, salon ba sabon abu bane.
Rayuwar sirri
A cikin 1902, an hade da kuma auren Andreev tare da aure tare da Alexandra Veligorkaya, da jikoki na Taras Shevchenko, kuma a wannan shekarar, an haife shi ɗan farin Vadim. A cikin 1906, ɗan Daniyel an haifeshi, Alexander ya mutu daga zafin rana.
A cikin 1908, Leonid Andreev ya aure a karo na biyu - a kan Anna Ilinichna denisevich (karnitskaya). Daga aure na biyu da aka haife shi 'ya'yan sava (1909) da soyayya (1912) da' yar Vera (1910) da 'yar vera (1910). Dukkan yara biyar sun kasance, kamar Uba, mutane masu kirkira.
Ba mutane da yawa suna san wani ra'ayi mai ban sha'awa daga rayuwar marubucin: Leonid Andreev ba wargi ga hoto mai launi ba. Har yanzu dai yana dauke da daya daga cikin mafi kyawun munters a duniya wanda ya yi aiki a cikin dabarun avtorshshrom. 'Yan'uwa masu Lumiere sun ƙirƙira wannan dabarar, kuma har zuwa 1935 ita ce kadai hanya don samun hotuna masu launi.
Mutuwa
Juyin Juyin Juyin juya halin na Oktoba na 1917 bai yarda da marubucin ba, bolshevikark ya haifar da shi mummunan halin mara kyau. A cikin shekarar karbar samun 'yancin kai na Gudu, Leonid Andreev a cikin wannan kasar kuma ta haka ne ke cikin tilasta tilasta tilasta tilasta aiki. A can, a cikin garin Musami, 12 ga Satumba 12, 1919, Leonid Andreev ya mutu. Dalilin mutuwar mai dorewa shine mukamin zuciya. Aka binne marubuci da ke kusa, a cikin Markinah.
A shekara ta 1956, an ba da ƙurar ƙurar ƙura a cikin makabarta wolf. Wanda ba a biya ta ƙasa a cikin ƙasa ta marubucin marubucin ya tuna, kuma tun 1956 An zaɓi ayyukansa sau da yawa sau da yawa sake sake buga shi. Tare cewa marubucin ya bar, ya hada da labarai 89, guda 20, 8 da labarai da litattafai. Tunanin marubucin ya kashe shi a bakin jaruntubobi ko mutum na farko da kwatancen. Tun 1991, Leonid Andreeva gidan kayan tarihi yana aiki a cikin el.
Littafi daya
Guda
- 1906 - ga taurari
- 1907 - Rayuwar mutane
- 1907 - Savva
- 1908 - Sarki Yunwar
- 1908 - Masks
- 1909 - Anatama
- 1909 - ranakun rayuwarmu
- 1910 - Anfisa
- 1910 - Gudadus.
- 1911 - Ocean
- 1912 - Ekaterina Ivanovna Ivanovna Ivanovna
- 1912 - Farfesa Storitsyn
- 1913 - kyawawan labine
- 1913 - Kada ku kashe
- 1914 - Tunani
- 1914 - Samson a cikin Okvas
- 1915 - wanda ya sami slap
- 1915 - Neman.
- 1917 - fatalolin cute
- 1922 - Dog Waltz
Littattafai da labari
- 1903 - Rayuwar Harshen Harshe
- 1904 - ja dariya
- 1907 - israiot
- 1908 - bayanin kula
- 1908 - Labari game da an rataye dabbobi bakwai
- 1911 - Sasha Zaguriv
- 1916 - Igo yaƙe-yaƙe
- 1919 - Diary daga Shaiɗan