Tari
Alexander Sergeevich Standakin kansa yana jin daɗin ayyukan Gabriel Derzhavin. Baya ga adabi, a cikin tarihin rayuwar Gabriel Romanovich, sabis na Jama'a, amincinsa ga sarkin daular daular daular ta kasance.Yaro da matasa
An haifi mawaƙi da ɗan jigo a lardin Kazan a cikin 1743. Ranar haihuwar 14 ga Yuli don sabon salo. Kamfanin dervicoans ya samo asali daga Tatar MurZ Bagrim. A cewar wata almara, kakanin ya shiga sarkin babban duhu daga layuka na zinare a karni na XV.
Yana canza addinin, tsohon Horde, sunan Ilya, lokacin da aka yi masa baftisma, aka yi masa baftisma. Daga ɗaya daga cikin zuriyar Ilya - iko - kuma reshe na dangin Gabriel Romanovich ya faru.
Iyalin Derzhavini ba shi da zafi. Mahaifah, mai daraja a cikin taken girmama na biyu manyan, na hagu, da kuma halittar ɗan Sonan kwanciya da yaran Fekla Andreevna. Zai yi wuya ga mace ta ba Jibrilu ya cancanci ilimi. Da farko, yaron ya yi nazarin lissafin, karatu da rubutu a gida. Malami na farko sun kasance malamai.
Yana dan shekara bakwai, saurayin ya shiga makarantar kwana a Orenburg, ba ya bambanta ta da ɗaukakar horo mai inganci. Duk da haka, bayan darussan da aka karɓa, Derzhavin zai fara magana da Jamusanci. Bayan 'ya'yan daga baya, iyalan sun koma Kazan, kuma saurayin ya tafi kan koyon dakin motsa jiki.
Ana ƙaunar motsa jiki ta zane-zane ta zane-zane da injiniya wanda ya yi nasara. Anan, wani matashi ya sadu da aikin mawakan mikhail lomonov, Alexander Siyanv, vasily mikoookovsky. Saurayin da kansa da kansa ya ɗauki alkalami a hannunsa da ƙoƙarin tilasta wa sojojinsa a cikin wawaye. Farkon na farko ya fito ya zama daki, abun bai zama mai nasara ba amma ya juya don tambayar majalisa.
A cikin 1762, buƙatun Trojannovsky ya zo ga gyaran preobrazhensky ya zo ga shirye-shiryen preobrazhensky, kuma saurayin ya tsaya kan aikin soja. Gabriel Romanovich da kansa ya dauki shekaru a cikin sojoji mafi muni a cikin rayuwarsa gaba daya. Ba a sami lokacin da za a fara ba, an sake saukar da sati na sati na sojoji, wanda Derzhavin ya halarci sauran masu tsaron. A sakamakon haka, Ekaterina II ke cikin kursiyin.
Ga matasa mai nuna halin gaske, rayuwar sojojin ba ta zama da sauƙi ba. Da farko, ya wajaba don raba barikin tare da sojoji, lokaci a kan aji na mawallafin ko kimiyya ba ta da matsala. Gabriel Romanovich ba shi da babban ormons mai daraja, don haka ya koma sannu a hankali. Dole ne mawana nan gaba dole ne ya yi tambaya game da karuwar Alexey Orlov, yana ɗaukar yabo ga وerress. Takardar ta gamsu, kuma mai martani ya sami karbar karawar zuciya, ta koma barikin barikin. Amma a wancan lokacin, Derzhavin ya dauke Derzhavin ta wurin abubuwan da yaƙin da wasan na katin.
A cikin 1770, mutumin da yake nuna cewa ya rabu da rayuwa mai taushi, kuma a cikin 1772 ya jawo hankalin pugachev betth.
Litattafai
Aikin farko, wanda aka buga a cikin buga a cikin 1773 kuma mallakar Bikin Bikin aure na Babban Duke Petrovich. Da farko, mawaƙi ya sami salon Lomonosos. Abin takaici, Gabriel Romanovich ba zai iya maimaita irin "iska" na kirkirar da Mikhail Vasilyevich ba.
Ba da daɗewa ba, bin abokan abokai sun fi ƙwarewa a cikin ɗakin rubuce-rubuce, Derzharatin zaɓaɓɓen Oda. A cewar Mahalicci, babban aikin marubuci shine ɗaukaka mai kyau da kuma yin mummunan al'amuran.
Da farko, ayyukan mawaƙa aka buga ba tare da sa hannu a cikin bayanan St. Petersburg ba. Haske ya ga "maɓallin", "masu mulki da alƙalai". Koyaya, waƙoƙin farko da waƙoƙi sun yi Derzhavin sanannu a cikin marubutan, amma ba tare a tsakanin jama'a ba.
Sunan Gabriel Romanovich ya tsawanta bayan rubuta su ga Felsada, wanda ya yi Sneaks Catherine. Ga masu son wucin gadi, mawaƙin ya karɓi akwati daga ƙazanta, an rufe shi da lu'ulu'u, a cikin ɗayan sanduna 500 ne ke kwance.
Bayan haka, an buga waƙoƙin ruwa "waƙoƙi a cikin" mai wucewa "," hangen nesa Murara "," Allah ". Oda na ƙarshe ya zama kambin halittar Gabriel Romanovich, kuma mawãƙin da kansa ya zama daga cikin litattafansu da gumaka. Duk marubutan sun kirkiro ɗaruruwan ayyuka waɗanda suke da littattafan gama gari. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine sauki na Derzhavin a rayuwar yau da kullun.
A cikin 1815, da tsarskoyel Lyceum an riga an gane shi marubuci ya gane. Don mamakin ɗalibai, tambaya ta farko, wanda aka tambaye shi marubucin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin na farko, ya kasance game da wurin zama. Af, shahararren da baiwa Search Lyceum Alexander Sergeevich Chestin dauke da kyakkyawan wayer. Aikin "Ni wani abin tunawa ne ga kaina a kan kuskuren da ba daidai ba" rubuta shi bisa ga samfurin "abin tunawa" na Derzhavin.
Tabbataccen gaskiya shine kaunar Derzhinin don batsa fasali. Marubucin ya rubuta yana aiki, yana ba su ta musamman da taushi, ƙoƙarin ware kalmomi daga rubutun tare da sauti na "p". A lokaci guda, Gabriel Romanovich ya fi so cewa an karanta halittunsa a cikin jama'ar matan.
Tabbas, musamman Derzhinin ya shiga mummunan kerawa. Don haka, ga yawan nasarorin daular daular ta Rasha ita ce "nasara ta Rasha, ta rarraba bayan sojojin Rashanci na taukar da su a lokacin yakin Turkawa. Kiɗa ya rubuta Osip kozlovsky.
Siyasa
Baya ga adabi, Gabriel Romanovich ya shiga cikin aikin jama'a. Bayan murabus da dadawa a cikin 1777, Derzhavin ya ba da shawara ga masu ba da shawara na kwaleji kuma sun karɓi mutane 300 na jijiya a Belarus. A cikin 1780, mai nuna halin Marubawa ya fada cikin majalisar dattijai, amma kai tsaye na Derzhavin da kuma wani ɓangare a cikin yanke shawara ya ba wakilansa da rashin saninawa.
A cikin 1783, kasancewa memba na makarantar makarantar sakandare ta Rasha, mawaƙin da ya halarci shirye-shiryen ƙamus na biyu na hankali.
A cikin 1784, an naɗa mana mai girmamawar ta Olonetky, kuma daga 1786 zuwa 1788 ya yi hidimar shugaban Tambov. An jera lardin a cikin koma baya. A cikin kankanin lokaci, sabon gwamna ya sami babban abin da ake so a dan untritted. Na farko a cikin lardin Dikiy labarai, makaranta, asibiti, tsari da gidan wasan kwaikwayo.
Tun daga 1791, Derzhavin ya koma babban birnin kasar, zuwa kotun Catherine. Matsayin Ministan Addinin Addinin Rasha, wanda ya mamaye shi cikin 1802-1803, shine kambi na siyasa na siyasa.
Daga wannan post, Gabriel Romanovich ya yi murabus da samu damar don sadaukar da kansa zuwa mahaliccin rubutu. Matsawa cikin yanki na lardin Novgorod, wa mawaƙin yana ɗaukar kwanaki don rubuta waƙoƙi.
Rayuwar sirri
Mata na farko na mawaƙin a cikin 1778 shi ne ɗan shekaru 16 na Ekaterina Yakovlevna Bastodon. Wata budurwa, tana da shekara 34, Catherine ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani kuma aka binne shi a makabartar Katota a St. Petersburg.
Derzhavin riga watanni shida baya sake aure. A wannan karon, Daria Alekseevna dyakova dyakova, wacce ta rayu har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa ta zama zaɓaɓɓu. Duk matan mawaƙa na biyu a cikin ayyukan.
Yaran 'yan asalin ƙasa ba su da sako-sako da' yar Na'ura da marayu na Derzhinin, Bitir ya Labawan, da Bitrus, an haife su a cikin iyali a cikin iyali. Ofaya daga cikin 'ya'ya maza - Mikhail Lazarev, daga baya ya buɗe Antarctica, kasancewa da shawara mai tamira.
Mutuwa
A cikin 1816, riga a magani, sanannen mawaƙin Rashanci ya mutu a cikin ƙasa a lardin Novgorod na Novgorod.
The kabari na Gabriel Romanovich tare da matarsa, suka bar rayuwa a cikin 1842, an located in da mai ceto-Preobrazhensky Cathedral na VarlaaMo Khutyn sufi kusa Veliky Novgorod.
Faɗa
Labarin yawanci ba daban bane cewa, kamar azabtar da abin da ya gabata. Akwai kawai a zahiri, tuba ga wani. Babu wani ɗan ƙasa na wani. Babu wani tallafi ga wani. Babu wani ɗan ƙasa ga maza. Dole ne ya ƙaunaci Maza ya rayu, ya zuba a cikin manyan taurarinsa; Ina ya kamata ku yi hankali da hankali. kunnuwa.Littafi daya
- 1798 - "Derzhavin tarayya"
- Derzhavin Gabriel Romanovich "yana aiki. Ed. Ya. Grott a cikin 9 Fishorya"
- 1933 - "derzhavin g. r. waka"
- 1957 - "poems g. r. derzhavina"
- 1980 - "waka ..ni. (G. R. Derzhavin)"
- 1984 - "Faɗin Littattafan da aka fi so. (G. R. Derzhavin)"