Tari
Komawa a cikin 60s na karni na karshe, Varif ya yi bayanin ayyukan Virginia zuwa Virginia, wanda yake wannan matar. Kayyade cewa ita 'yar sanannen zargi da matar marubucin Turanci, dan jaridar. Kawai daga baya aka gane baiwa da babbar gudummawa ga wallafe-wallafen. Wolfe - mata na mata, ɗaya daga cikin harsunan '' '' yan litattafan mata ", wanda littattafan da aka cinye sabon tsari da wasan rubutu.Yaro da matasa
An haifi Virginia a cikin gidan London na Asiistocrats. Uba Leslen Stephen zargi, in ji Mama Julia Dakdrty ya yi aiki a matsayin Mimulator, wanda aka sani da Philanthrop. A bayan kafada da iyayen sun riga sun aure guda aure, wadanda suka mutu. Leslie ya haifar da 'yar, Julia yara. Magada duk suna girma tare a wani sabon iyali.
Virginia 'yar Virgeniya ce da Daken Sephen, tana da' yan uwa guda biyu da kuma gwarzo. Shugaban dangi, ta hanyar sana'arsa, aboki ne da wakilan wakilan da'ira, marubuta, masana falsafa, da yawa sun zauna a gidan.
Misali, Henry James da George Henry Lewis ya kalli haske. Irin wannan sanannun abin da ya shafi tashin magada. Bugu da kari, akwai babban dakin karatu a cikin kyauta. Marubucin na gaba ya san Turanci sosai, nazarin Girka Tutorial Tutorial.
Koyaya, rashin lafiyar ɗan adam ba komai bane face kyakkyawan mayu. A cewar bioachofters, kadan budurwa tare da da 'yar uwa, an yi wa tsoratar da mata daga cikin uwa na da ya gabata. Tsoron ƙaunar jiki ta rayu tare da mace duk rayuwarsa.
Lokacin da yarinyar ta yi shekara 13, Dutsen ya faru. Taron ya juya ya zama mai busa, Virginia ta tsira daga rushewar juyayi. A nan gaba nan gaba ina jiran balagaggen lokaci mai ban sha'awa: ɗan'uwan da aka fi so Toby ya mutu daga Tifi, sannan kuma shugaban iyali.
Dangantakar da Uba ta rinjayi Uba da ke cikin Innner duniyar Virginia. Bayan mutuwar mata, Leslie sannu a hankali ya zama mai yanke hukunci, yin wanzuwar wani gari da ba za a iya jurewa da gida ba. Lokacin da ya mutu, dangi ya yi sulhu da wuya, amma Virginia ta faɗi cikin baƙin ciki har ma ta sami kansa a asibitin masu tabin hankali.
Ba ta taba samun 'yanci daga mahaifinta ba: A zahiri an gudanar da maganganu na ciki tare da shi, wanda ake zargi da wasu ayyukan, sun sami barata. Tuni a faɗuwar rayuwa ya rubuta a cikin Diary:
"Tun da yaro, na hukunta shi, kamar mace mai shekaru 58 - na fahimta, wato, ina so in faɗi - Ina da shi. Zai yiwu murƙushe suna da gaskiya? "Tare da ka'idodin mata, marubucin ya sadu da shi a farkon matasan shi lokacin da ya yi karatu a darussan kwalejin sarki. Ga al'adar ya kawo tare da mata da suka mallaki kawo canji, a wannan lokaci tare da ra'ayoyi - Clara Pater, Lilian Feitfull, Georgina Warr.
Kuma kaɗan kaɗan, bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, gidanta da kansa ya juya ya zama da'irar masana. Tare da 'yar'uwar VA Bell da ɗan'uwan Adrian ya sayar da gidan mahaifa, suna sayen gidaje a cikin yankin Bodiyawa na Bloomsbury. Anan, matasa masu zane-zane da marubutan sun fara tattarawa, al'umma da aka samu sun shahara a matsayin "da'irar Bloomsbury".
Litattafai
Asalin tarihin marubucin marubucin ya fara ne a cikin 1905. DeButed azaman marubucin sake dubawa game da ayyukan zamani na zamani da labarai a cikin Jaridar ". Littafin farko ya ga haske a cikin 1915 - Littafin "The Tekun Away" an buga shi. Shekaru goma daga baya, daya daga cikin mafi mahimmancin ayyukan Virginia Wolfe Mrs. Dallowway, wanda ya fada kusan wata rana ta rundunar. A tsakiyar makircin - labarin kauna, wanda duniya ba ta da mahimmanci.
Sake tunani da dangantaka a cikin danginku. Mace ta ɗauki littafin "a kan mayak" (1927). Littafin ya bayyana haruffa mahaifinta da mahaifiyarta. Wolfe ba kawai zubar da fushi game da zaluncin shugaban iyali. Anan na ɗaga al'amuran rashin daidaito a cikin ilimin yara maza da mata. Gaskiyar ita ce budurwa ba ta ba da hutawa ga hukuncin iyaye don koyar da 'ya'ya maza a cikin malami ba darussan da aka gayyata a kwaleji.
Rashin hankali ga sarki EstriAracal a cikin labarin "tsohuwar ɗakin" da nisan nasa "da" Guinea uku ", wanda aka haɗa a cikin gado na zinare. Da laifi da yaƙe-yaƙe da kuma a cikin gaskiyar cewa maza girma zalunci da rashin tausayi, wolfe ya ga sarki mai ban mamaki na al'umma.
Wani muhimmin aikin da aka sani a matsayin sabon labari "Orlando", don wane ɓangare na manufar, budurwa ta malami daga rayuwar Bita Sauquil-West's budurwa budurwa. An shimfiɗa makircin tsawon shekaru 350, da suka fara a zamanin Elizabeth da ƙare a lokacin fadakarwa. Yaro mai suna Orlando yana da lokacin fada cikin soyayya, kada mai ciwon baƙin ciki a cikin ji, juya zuwa mace har ma ya zama uwa. Aikin da ya bambanta a wasan da aka gabatar a wasan da aka yi cikinsa a matsayin bayani na ƙauna ga Vita.
A farkon farkon 30s, Ingila tana neman kararraki ga zuriyar littafin gwaji. Daga ƙarƙashin gashin tsuntsu, "raƙuman ruwa", wanda ya kunshi ƙananan wasa tara. Ta rubuta labarai - "Mai ado da Dchess", "Gidan da fatalwowi" da sauransu. Amfani da misalai, bayanan sanarwa - ba shine kadai ba, wanda masu karatu suka fada cikin soyayya da aikin marubucin. Matar tana cire taron zuwa ga asalin, tana kan hanyar tunani na haruffan. Wannan yana ba ku damar yin nutsuwa da kanka cikin tunanin jarumawa, fahimtar halayensu game da abin da ke faruwa.
Virginia ya jagoranci bayanan diary diarey. Bayan mutuwarta, mijinta ya gyara littafin rubutu, barin 'yan upisodesan kadan daga cikin kere keresa. Koyaya, a cikin aikin, tare da kwatancin abubuwan da suka faru da mutane, akwai dalilin muhawara game da labarunsu, litattafan da labarai. Haske ya ga kundin littafi huɗu na littafin "marubucin marubuci".
Dukkanin ayyukan mata sun fito ne a gidan bugu "Hogorth lace", wanda ita da mijinta suka bude a 1917. An buga ayyukan da sauran marubutan a nan, wanda Virginia ke buga rubutu da kuma gyara.
Rayuwar sirri
A shekarar 1912, yarinyar ta auri memba na Bloomsbury Mug, marubuci da kuma ɗan jaridar Leonard wolf, wanda ya rayu har zuwa ƙarshen kwanaki. Rayuwar Iyali da farko ta zama da wahala - Virginia ba zata iya shawo kan tsoron tsoron jima'i ba. A sakamakon haka, matar ta zo, soyayya platonic na hade.
Leonard ya yi wa matarsa, ya tallafa komai. Aure ya zama babban dangi dangane da mutunta juna. Wolfe ya kirkiro yanayi mai kyau wanda Virginia zata iya rubutu da ta'aziyya.
Koyaya, a rayuwar marubucin akwai wuri zuwa ji na tunani waɗanda masu binciken suna cikin abubuwan da suka fi ban sha'awa na tarihin rayuwa. Lokacin da Virginia ke da shekara 40, akisocrat na vita skvil-West ya fake cikin soyayya da ita. Dangantaka ta fara shekaru biyar. Matar ba ta hana wannan dangantakar soyayya ba, musamman ma labari ya tafi amfana - a cikin shekaru tarurruka tare da karkatar da ayyukan da suke yi.
Mutuwa
Wolfe ya sha wahala rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa, sau da yawa buga asibitin don magani. A cikin shekarun, cutar ta ci gaba, tilasta wa alkalami na ɗan lokaci. Jira yanayin da ya fara yakin duniya na biyu. Marubucin ya ji tsoron cewa masu fasikanci suna zuwa Ingila, saboda haka sai Mushan Yahudawa za su jira mummunan rabo. Matar ta amince da Leonardo: Game da batun aikin Jamusawa duka za su goyi bayan rayuwar kisan kai.
1941 Virginia ya sadu da mummunan halin. Bai yi riƙo ga ciwon kai ba, muryar da ke cikin ya zama mai haske, matar ta fusata kuma ba tare da, kuma likitocin suna bred da ba tare da su ba. Dangane da likitan zuciya na zamani da Likitocin, Wolfe sun kamu da cutar tabin hankali. Wani dalilin cutar ana kiranta kwakwalwa kwakwalwa.
A cikin bazara na budurwar budurwa ta rubuta wasiƙar ban kwana, inda ta nemi gafara kuma ta yi bayanin cewa ba ta iya azabtar da kansa da nasa ba. A ranar 28 ga Maris, 1941, an nutsar da marubucin a cikin Kogin Oyuz.
Littafi daya
- 1915 - "A teku ce
- 1919 - "rana da rana"
- 1925 - Mrs Dalloweway
- 1927 - "A kan hasumiyar hasumiya"
- 1928 - "Orlando"
- 1931 - "taguwar ruwa"
- 1933 - "Flash"
- 1937 - "shekaru"
- 1941 - "Tsakanin Ayyukan"