Tari
Tare da hoton Edward Minka "Creek" an san shi sosai fiye da tare da tarihin rayuwar ɗan Norway. Rayuwarsa, rayuwarsa ta ciki da baƙin ciki da radama, ta cika da mutuwa, raunin tunani, rashin jin daɗi. A faɗuwar rana, Edward Munk ya bar rikodin a cikin littafin tarihi:"Cuta, tausayi da mutuwa sune baƙi mala'iku suna yawo zuwa shimfiɗata don bita a cikin rayuwa."Yaro da matasa
Edward an haife shi ne a ranar 12 ga Disamba, 1863 a cikin garin Löthen a cikin dangin Christian Mink da Laura Katrina Bjölstad. Yaron ya sami ɗan'uwar Yuhanna Sofia da matasa - withner da Laura, da kuma ɗan'uwan asa. Yarencin na mai zane na gaba yana cikin tsallaka: Jiki saboda ƙungiyar Kiristocin - likita ne na soja, jera cikin neman gidaje masu rahusa.
Kodayake dangin Munk sun rayu talauci, masu tasiri ga mutane masu tasiri suna kusa da irin su. Don haka, dangi mai nisa shine mai zane Yakubu Munk. Kakakin kaka Edward ya tuna da duniya mai martaba mai baiwa, da kuma ɗan'uwan ɗan'uwan ɗan'uwan ɗan'uwanmu, Bitrus ya shahara - masanin tarihi.
Lokacin da ɗan ƙaramin Edward ya zama ɗan shekara 5, mahaifiyarsa ta mutu daga tarin fuka, gonakin ya ɗauki 'yar'uwarta Karen. Kirista, kasancewa mutum mai addini, bayan rasuwar da matukan ya faɗi cikin tsattsauran ra'ayi. Ya gaya wa 'ya'yansa maza da mata tsofaffin jinin Hidian, da Nightmares sau da yawa suna mafarkin wannan Edwar. Don tserewa daga wahayi, yaron ya zana. Tuni sai an sayar da hotonsa da baiwa.
A cikin 1877, 'yar'uwar Edward, Sofia ya mutu daga tarin fuka. Saurayin yana kusa da ita, don haka ya ɗauki asarar nauyi. Abin baƙin ciki shine dalilin jin dadin rayuwa. A cikin diary, Munk tuno cewa Uba "ya koma baya a cikin dakin, ya yi addu'ar hannu," amma bai taimaka wa yarinyar ta murmure ba. Kwanakin da aka kashe tare da 'yar uwan da ke mutuwa daga baya ta bayyana a cikin zanen "yarinya mara lafiya" da "bazara".
Cututtuka ko ta yaya bin na dangin Munk. Jim kaɗan bayan mutuwar Sophie, wata 'yar'uwar Edward, Laura, ta fara nunawa da ban mamaki. Sau da yawa yakan damu, ya mirgine nazarin abubuwa, zauna cikin natsuwa a wasu ranakun kuma ba sa magana da kowa. An gano ta da Schizophrenia.
Kirista ya gani a cikin dan Injiniya, saboda haka a cikin 1879, yana da shekara 16, Edward ya shiga Kwalejin Fasaha. An ba da sauƙin ba da lissafi, sunad da ilmin lissafi da lissafi. Duk da nasarorin, bayan shekara guda, an kori saurayin, yanke shawarar zama mai zane. Farkon yaron mahaifin bai goyi bayan: ya dauki aikin kirkirar da rashin tausayi ba. Duk da zanga-zangar, a shekarar 1881, mai zane-zane ya shigar da makarantar sarauta na zane a Oslo.
A cikin 1883, sunan Edward Minka ta fara jin labarin cikin al'umma na Norway. A matsayinta mai kirkirar karatu, bayanin martani ya gabatar da kai "etune shugaban." Daga wannan ya fara samar da babban mai fasaha.
Zane
A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Munk ya halarci nunin nunin, amma aikinsa ya ɓace daga cikin haske na tabarau da kuma yawan sunayen masu fasaha. A cikin 1886, Edward gabatar da wani mai tsada zuciya "yarinyar haƙuri" kuma sami flurry reviews. Wannan bita ya bayyana a daya daga cikin jaridu na gida:
"Mafi kyawun sabis zaka iya sanya Edward Munka, yayi shiru don wucewa ta zane-zane. Zane-zanen Musk yana rage matakin nunin. "Dalilin zargi shi ne mai shiga aikin da ake iya gani da sakewa. An zargi matasa mai zane-zane da inganta dabarar da haɓaka.
Kuma Mun dauke da "yarinya mara lafiya" tare da nasara. A matsayinmu mai shekaru 11 da aka buga wa Betseen Neelsen. Da ta juya mahaifin Edward don neman taimako - ƙaramin ɗan uwanta ya karya kafa. Yarinyar ta yi matukar farin ciki da kyau da kyau tare da fenti na gluing na gluing ya ce mata ta zama mai dacewa.
Bayan masu sukar masu wahala, Edward ta daina zama mai gaskiya, zanensa ba shi da amfani da yankewa. Bayan shekara ta 18, a cikin 1889, ya sake kokarin sake yin magana game da 'yar uwa a wannan hoton "bazara". Ingirƙira shi, Munk ya yi tunani mai ra'ayi: Kuna iya ganin yadda labulen labulen ne, da kuma jin hasken rana, ya fito daga taga.
A kan zane na rani ranar yana adawa da yanayi mai nauyi, wanda yake mulki a cikin dakin. Yarinya mai launin ja, ya dawo baya a kan matashin kai, kalli wata mace tsohuwa da melancholy, a hannunta da magani. Babu sautunan haske a cikin tufafi, maimakon haka suna kama da mai makoki. An ji cewa nan da nan za a bi su da ewa.
A karshen 1889, lokacin da mulk ya je karatu a Paris, ta sami labarin mutuwar mahaifinsa. Mawaki ya fadi cikin baƙin ciki, ya karya haɗi tare da abokai. Wannan taron ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mabuɗin a cikin aikin sandan. Ya rubuta sannan a cikin diary:
"Bai kamata ƙarin don rubuta abubuwan da ke karanta maza da kuma ɗaukakar mata ba. Su za a maye gurbinsu da mutanen da suka yi numfashi da ji, ƙauna da wahala ... ".A cikin tunawa da mahaifin Edward ya rubuta hoto "dare a karatuttuka". A cikin Akidar, cike da hasken dare, taga tana zaune ta wani mutum. Masana masana tarihi na zamani suna gani a cikin wannan hoton dukkanin muju, kuma mahaifinsa yana jiran mutuwa.
Komawa ƙasarsa, mai zane ya fara aiki akan sake zagayowar ayyukan, wanda daga baya ya sami sunan "soyayyen rayuwa da soyayya, rayuwa da mutuwa." A ciki, Munk na so ya nuna matakan da ke samuwar mutum - daga haihuwa zuwa mutuwa. Tsarin ya hada da mahimman ayyukan: "Madonna", "Creek", "Life Dance", "Ash". Jimlar zane-zane 22, raba zuwa rukunoni hudu: "Haihuwar soyayya", "Tsoron rai" da "mutuwa".
Kunshe a cikin "Frieze na rayuwa" da hoto "melancholy" 1881. Masu sukar ba su yarda da ita da fargaba ba, duk da haka, sun lura da cewa Munk ya sami nasa salon - Fiodyones mai sauki, sauƙaƙe masu sauƙi da yin mulki cikin duka ayyuka. An fara gabatar da cikakken sake zagayawa a cikin 1902.
A cikin aikin Edward minka, babu hotuna ɗari, amma "kukan" ya zama sananne ga su. A cikin fitowar ta yau da kullun, ana nuna halittar halittar mutum a kai, sama an fentin fentin tare da tabarau mai haske. Creek, tserewa daga bakin ɗan adam na son kai, kamar dai yana shafa yanayin wuri a kusa. Abubuwa biyu ana iya ganinsu a baya. A cikin diary dinsa, Munk ya rubuta:
"Na bi hanya tare da abokai biyu, rana ana sake shi, da ba tsammani sararin samaniya ya zama na jini da harsuna - na dube shi da launin fata-baki fjord Da abokaina sun tafi tare, na tsaya, annoba ta girgiza, suna jin tsawa mara hankali, yanayin soki. "A karkashin abin da ya gani a cikin 1892, Artist Artist ya rubuta hoto "yanke ƙauna". A kan shi, maimakon wata halitta gama gari, an nuna wani mutum a cikin hat. Bayan shekara guda, Munk sketched da pastel na namun fata, sannan fentin shi da mai. Daga baya, aka kara biyu wa wadannan juyi. Musamman sanannen shine hoton 1893, wanda aka adana shi a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya na ƙasa a Oslo.
Masana tarihi sun sami wurin da Edwarga zai iya ganin hoton. Abin sha'awa game da wannan a gaban wannan wurin ya kasance mafi girman kisan yanka a Oslo da asibitin tunani. Mai binciken musk ya lura:
"Sun ce kururuwa na dabbobi masu hamayyar, gauraye da kururuwa na rashin lafiyar, ba za a iya jurewa ba."Don haka tabbas, "kuka mara iyaka, yanayin soki".
1894 aka yi alama da fitowar ayyuka biyu - "Ripening" da "yarinya da mutuwa". Dukkanin zane-zane sun hada abubuwan ban mamaki. Don haka, a cikin "matattarar" a kan matasa, mai rauni, baƙar fata, wanda ya firgita da tsirara, jin tsoronsa.
A cikin aikin "yarinya da mutuwa", mafi girman ƙararrawa na sumetal mutuwa, dauke ta kasance aboki mafi kyau. Irin wannan 'yan adawa halayyar zamani ce.
Zane-zane na Munk a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan: hoton hoto, shimfidar wuri, har yanzu rayuwa. A ƙarshen zamani, aikinsa ya zama m, kuma makircin suna da sauki. Maɓuɓɓuka da filayen sun bayyana akan glawasen sa.
Rayuwar sirri
Edward Munk bai yi aure ba kuma bashi da 'ya'ya, amma an san shi kusan 3 daga littattafan sa.
A 1885, ya sadu da Millie Tailov. Yarinyar ta yi aure, don haka bai kula da saurayi da muhimmanci ba, amma bai ƙi su ba. Edward ya yi magana da ƙauna da gaske: Don juyar da sabon labari tare da matar aure da ake nufi ya haye duk abubuwan da suke cikas. Don haka ba tare da karbar riƙewa daga Milli ba, Pig ya ƙi ci shi.
A cikin shekarar 1892, mai zane ya san Stanislav psybybyshevsky, Pardis, ta ƙasa, matar sa ta gaba ta dagney ta Yul. Yarinyar ta zama mugƙar Mulka, ya sau da yawa ana amfani da hoton ta a cikin zane-zane. Masu binciken sun yarda da damar da cewa akwai alaƙar soyayya tsakanin matasa.
Mafi zafi shine sabon labari tare da kayan aiki (Matilda) Larsen, wanda ya fara a 1898. Da farko, dangantakarsu ta yi kyau, to matar ta fara izuwa da izgili da rikice-rikice. A cikin 1902, ta ji sanyi da ƙaunataccen kuma ya barazanar kashe kansa. Edward, Edward ya zo mata.
Bayan 'yan kwanaki daga baya, wani jayayya ya faru a tsakaninsu, sakamakon wanda ya harbe hannunsa. Dangane da sigar gama gari, Tulla tana so ya harba, kuma mai zane a yunƙuri don kwace maimaitawa a kan jawo. An yi asibiti a asibiti, kuma a wannan dangantakar ya ƙare.
Har sai mutuwar a rayuwar Mukka, mace da aka fi so ba ta bayyana ba.
Mutuwa
Mai zane yana da rauni mai rauni, duk da haka, a cikin 1918, Mutanen Espanya sun cika, wanda lalaci miliyoyin mutane. A cikin 1930, kusan makafi ne saboda na basur cikin jikin likitan da ya dace, amma bai daina zane ba.
Wata daya bayan ranar haihuwar ta 80, a shekarar 1944, mai zane ya mutu. Ana adana hoto na farko a gidan kayan gargajiya na minka a Oslo.
Bayan mutuwar abin da aka sanya sandan, duk zanen da aka canjawa zuwa jihar. Dubunnan masu gulbin mai da kuma amfani da kayan tarihin gidan kayan gargajiya.
An samo ambaton mai zane a cikin littattafan fasaha da fina-finai. Don haka, a cikin 1974, fim ɗin "Edward Munk", gaya game da shekarun da aka tsara na watsawa.
Zana wuri
- 1886 - "yarinya mara lafiya"
- 1892 - "Kunna"
- 1893 - "creek"
- 1893 - "Mutuwa a cikin dakin mai haƙuri"
- 1894 - "Madonna"
- 1894 - "Seidel"
- 1895 - "Vampire"
- 1895 - "Ki" "
- 1896 - "Murya" ("dare na dare")
- 1897 - "Kiss"
- 1900 - "Rai Dance"
- 1902 - "shekaru hudu a rayuwa"
- 1908 - "Hoto na kai da shuɗi"
- 1915 - "A wurin shaidar mutum" ("zazzabi")
- 1919 - "Hoton kai bayan da Spanish Cuenza"