Tari
"Ally-Union tsofaffi", Shugaban kungiyar shugaban majalisa na kasar, "Shugaban na USSR" Mikhail Kalinin ya kasance mai haske, amma mai bayyananne mutum. Don ayyukan masu juyin juya hali, an kama shi sau 14, ya nuna sha'awar ballerii gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi, amma ya yi nasarar barin kan tunanin kansa shekaru da yawa a sunayen biranen, tituna, jami'o'i.Yaro da matasa
Mikhail Ivanovich Kalin an haife shi a cikin 7 (19) a cikin 1875 a ƙauyen sama ta lardin (a yanzu - Kashininsky gundumar Tver). A cikin gidan Ivan Kalinovich da Maria VasilyEvna, yaron ya zama ɗan fari, kuma da daɗewa ya zama dole ya dace da aiki mai nauyi.
Har zuwa 11 years old, Mikhail ya karbi ilimin gida, sannan a makarantar sakandare ta farko. Shirin da aka tsara na tsawon shekaru hudu, ya kware cikin biyu, tunda ya karbi takaddun shelar takardar a lokacin da aka sake shi don ilimi da halin da ya dace.
Wata rana wani yaro, yana tafiya kusa da gundumar da ba a saba ba - sanye da riguna masu tsabta, wanke da kuma comshe. Mahaifinsu Janar na Janar, mai wakilan Dmitry Petrovich Mordukhai-Boltsky. Mahaifiyar Mikhail, ta koya game da unguwar da baƙon, ta zo ga mallakin Tetkovo, inda iyalin suka rayu da ɗanta daura saboda ɗanta. Don haka Juyin Juya Hali nan gaba suka shigar da su don yin amfani da Lacey.
A cikin 1889, masu mallakar ƙasa suna jigilar Kalalin zuwa St. Petersburg, ta hanyar ba shi tikiti ga duniya. A nan, a cikin gidan Mordukhai Bolotovski, ɗakin karatun ɗakin karatu ya kasance. Maidodi ya yarda da yaron ya dauki littattafai, kuma shi, yana iya samun ilimi, kuma karanta shafukan da suka gabata bayan daya, tattaunawar slosopahical ketrates.
A cikin shekarar 1893, Mikhail Kalinin ya shiga cikin dalibin Tukary ga tsohon dan wasan na Arsenal. A cikin watan Yuli 1899, aka kama shi ne bisa zargin da ya rarraba kayan ganye na "abubuwan ban sha'awa". Duk da cewa babu wata tabbaci game da wannan zato, Kalinina da abokan aikinsa an hana su zuwa Tiflis.
A cikin matasa na juyin juya halin, an gurbata halayyar tilo, don haka kamuwar ba ta yanke hukunci ta hanyar dakatar da tashin hankali. Tuni ya shiga cikin hanyar haɗi, ya koma kungiyar Democratic ofungiyar Social Social Social Democradication kuma ya gana da Joorgan kan lakabi da Koba, makomar Joseph Stalin. Daga baya, a cikin 1901, a lokacin Kalin Cast a matsayin mai shiryawa, na yaba da shi a cikin gidan Metekh, sannan ya aika zuwa revel (yanzu - Tallinn).
Gabaɗaya, Mikhail Ivanovich ta tarihin rayuwar, babu wanda, babu wanda, duk da haka, bai haifar da ainihin ƙarshe ba.
Kwarewa da Juyin Juya Hali
Juyin Juyin Juyin Juya Halin Rasha na farko na 1905 ya zama babban taron a cikin rayuwar Mikhail Kalinin. Saurayi ya hadu da Vladimir Lenin kuma ya yi tunani mai dadi a kan wannan ra'ayi mai dadi. Kalinin ya ƙunshi matsayin motsi na Democratic na Bolshevikaks: mutum daga aji mai aiki, wanda ya san yadda zan ba da sha'awa da kuma shawo kan ka'idar Karl Marx.
A lokacin juyin juya halin watan Fabrairu na 1917, Kalinin ya tabbatar da mutumin da ya danganta da mutane: ya nufi shafi na "giciye". A sakamakon mamayewa, duk fursunoni - masu kisan gilla, masu fashin baya, 'yan fashi sun fito da yanci. Na makonni da yawa, an hada dan wasan ya zama tsakiyar laifi.
Mikhail Ivanovich ya halarci shirye-shiryen juyin juya halin Ok na Oktoba, taron su shigarwa da dama Vladimir Lenin ya ciyar a cikin gidan Kalinin. A cikin 1918, juyin juya halin ya fara buga labarai game da perty bourgeoisie. Ya kira ga Bolsheviks kada ya shiga cikin rikice-rikice tare da wannan aji, kuma akasin haka, don samar da damar yin aiki. Lenin ya soki Kalinkin don irin wannan tunanin:
"Na yi tawaye ga abokin adanida Kuzarin, saboda tofin tare da karamin bourgeoisie, tare da chavinists - ba a iya tsammani. Wannan shi ne cin amana da gurguzu. "Bayan fitowar Kronstadt na 1921, Mikhail Ivanovich ta jin. Sakamakon shi ne gabatarwar NEP.
A cikin 1919, Kalinina ta nada post na shugaban DVI. Zaki Trotsky a cikin abubuwan tunawa "hotuna na masu juyin juya hali" sun danganta da wannan harkar ga kansa. A lokaci guda, yayin zaben, ya furta kalmomin da Mikhail Ivanovich ta laƙabi "All-Rasha (dukkan-haɗin kai) titin" shekaru da yawa:
"Za mu kira abokin aikin Kalinin in ce masa:" A cikin shekarun da suka gabata kun kasance waje ɗaya waje, kuma an bar ni in zama farkon zamanin Reotiet All-Rashanci. "Bayan alƙawari zuwa babban matsayi, wanda Lenin a cikin abin wasa ya kira shugaban kasa, Kalin bai daina ayyukan zamantakewa ba. Misali, ya taimaka wajen kawar da sakamakon yunwar a yankin Volga wanda ya bi yakin basasa. A cikin 1923, tare da CLEMEM, Voroshilov ya yi tafiya na Arewa Caucasus don fayyace manufofin gwamnatin Soviet zuwa mazauna yankin.
Don neman shawara da taimaka wa juyin juya halin, mutane da iko. Don haka, a cikin 1932, lokacin da warware tambayar fitar da kabilanci na 38, wanda ba a cire su daga gonaki dubu 38 ba, ga ra'ayin Kalla ba a san shi ba. Kuma ra'ayin irin wannan:
"Ina la'akari da shi mara ma'ana irin wannan aikin."Kuma an riga an fara, soke.
A ranar 1 ga Disamba, 1934, Mikhail Ivanovich ya sanya hannu kan wata doka game da yin canje-canje ga lambar tsarin laifuka. Wadannan canje-canje, a zahiri, hukuncin doka ya ba da izinin tsoro. Daga baya, a lokacin kisan zalunci, yawan mutane sun fara taimakawa Kalin. Ya amsa:
"An kama matata da kansa, kuma ba zan iya taimaka mata ba. Kuma ba zan iya taimaka maka ba. "Rayuwar sirri
A cikin 1906, Mikhail Ivanovich ya dauki Ekaterina Ivanovna Ivanovna Ivanovna Ivanovna Ivanovna Ivanovna Ivanovna Ivanovna Ivanovna cevanberg, Estonka ta ƙasa. A cikin iyali, wanda ba shi yiwuwa a kira farin ciki, yara biyar da aka haife su.
An haifi ɗa na farko Valerian a 1907. Kalin ba mahaifinsa bane na asali. Valeryan ya dauki mataki daga Cibiyar Polyrad Polyrad, a farkon 1930 ya yi aure, ɗan ya zama ya bayyana. A shekara ta 1935, yaron ya mutu. Bayan haka, wani rai mai sauri ya fara matsaloli tare da psyche kuma a cikin 1947 ya kashe kansa.
Alexander an haifeshi ne a 1908, ya sauke karatu daga Cibiyar Polyrad Polyradnic. Bayan sakin, an hade ni da aure tare da 'yar AIKIN MUTANE NA NATIA Guakovskaya. Ba su da yara. Ya mutu yana da shekara 80, a cikin darajan dan takarar fasaha na fasaha.
Yayan Kalinga Lydia (1912) da Anna (1916) sadaukar da rayuwa ga magani. Isayan shine mai warkewa, ɗayan - X-ray. Lydia ce kadai daga cikin yaran da basu daina sadarwa tare da mahaifiyar da aka ambata ba. Bayan babbar nasara a 1945, suna tare da Catherine Ivanarvna ya rayu a Moscow.
'Yar ta biyar, Julia ta mutu jim kadan bayan bayyanar hasken.
Baya ga rayuwar mutum, Mikhail Kalinina yana da ƙari, sirrin. A cikin littafin "Kremlin awaki. Ikirarin farkawar Stalin "Vera Davydova, kusa da Jagora, ya rubuta cewa juyin juya halin kemashewa ga bollininas na wasan wasan kwaikwayon Bolshoi.
"Mikhail Ivanovich ya ba su cakulan, an shigo da su an shigo da su, an gayyace su zuwa abincin dare. A cikin lissafin kyaututtuka, ba su ƙi shi cikin ƙananan 'yanci da sumbata a cikin wuya, "wordotev.Belin Belin ya ce Vera da kisan kai, ga kisan kai da Kalinkin ya yi zaton cewa: Dan shekaru 16 molla Uvar ya ki da juyin juya halin da kuma aka yi wa 'yan leƙen asirinsu da kuma aka yi musu ado da' yan leƙen asirinsu.
A cikin 1938, ya zama sananne cewa juyin juya halin dan shekaru 16 na Marsha na Marsal Alexander Egorova. A karshe da aka bi Joseseph Stalin. Matar Kalina, Catherine, da Katarina, da suka ce, bai riƙe bamai mijinsa ba. An sanar da ita da ta juyo da juyin juya hali kuma an aika tsawon shekaru 15 a zangon. Catherine ta koma bayan shekaru 7.5 zuwa matar da ta mutu.
Mutuwa
A shekarar 1945, Mikhail Kalinina ya kamu da cutar utociology. Aiki don cire ƙwayar ba ta taimaka. Juyin Juyin Musulewa ya juya ga Stalin tare da bukatar sakin matarsa daga zango domin ta taimaka wajen tsira da mummunan ciwo. Jagoran ya yafe Catherine, kuma kafin mutuwa ta kasance kusa da matansa.
Mikhail Ivanovich ya mutu ranar 3 ga Yuni, 1946 daga cutar kansa ta ciki. Kwana uku bayan haka bangon Kremlin ya ragu da gawa a cikin kabari.
Tunani
- A cikin girmamawa ga Mikhail Kalincai, sunayen biranen Kalasingrad (tsohon danksberg), Koninbad (yanzu - Levacand), Kalinininsband), Kalinininskand), Kalinininsband), Kalakin mallaka da sauran ƙauyuka;
- Har zuwa 1990, daya daga cikin tashoshin da aka gabatar da Mescow Metro da reshe da aka kira "kalininskaya" (yanzu "Alacsandrovsky lambu"). A tashar har yanzu tana tsaye murkushe juyin juya halin, kuma reshe ya riƙe suna;
- A cikin Kaliningrad, tashar tana da abin tunawa 10 zuwa Mikhail Ivanovich tare da hannun da aka fito da shi;
- Tun daga shekarar 2013, wuraren 3,358 - murabba'ai, tituna, tituna, masu suna bayan suna bayan Kalin;
- A St. Petersburg, an kiyaye gine-gine uku, a inda Kalin ta yi rayuwa. Mafi mashahuri - Lambar gidan katako 92A akan UL. Engels. Dangane da Plaquel na Tunawa, "A cikin wannan gidan a cikin Apartment M.i. Kalinin a watan Oktoba 1917 V. Lenin ya gudanar da tarurrukan Jam'iyyar a kan shirye-shiryen tashin hankali. " Kuna hukunta da hoto na zamani, an dawo da ginin. Yanzu akwai cibiyar sadarwar Yahudawa.