Tari
Ba ɗaya tsara Soviet ta Soviet ta yi girma a cikin ayoyin yara da jigogin Irina Tokmakova. "Wataƙila sifili ba laifi bane?", "Aya, Kleaxich da kuma wasannin almara", "Mataimakin Fairy" da kuma kowane kalma a cikin waɗannan ayyukan an cika shi da alheri da haske, wato, da barbashin marubucin kansa. Duk rayuwarsa, Irina Peetrovna tayi aiki a fagen kerawa yara: "An san shi da fassarar fassarar ayyukan marubutan don ƙananan masu karatu.Yaro da matasa
Irina Petrovna ya haifi ranar 3 ga Maris, 1929 a Moscow. Mahaifin Peter Manukov (Manukian) ya yi aiki azaman injiniyan lantarki. Mama Lydia Dilgenskaya - ta hanyar sana'a ta ba da izini, ta jagoranci gidan metropolitan ". Anan a farkon bene kuma ya rayu gidan Manukov, babu wani gida.
Wani gidan wani 'yar'uwar Uba, ta kasance tana shiga cikin tarbiyar IRA da kuma tsohuwar' yar'uwar Elena, an jagoranta ta, ta shirya, dinki, ta shirya, ta sa ta dinawa. Lydia Alexandrovna ya yi aiki da yawa: A cikin layi daya tare da babban sabis ɗin da aka koyar a cikin Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta yara.
"Duk mama mama ta shigaci da sauran 'ya'yan mutane fiye da' ya'yanta biyu," Irina Ietrovna ya ambata.Paparoma na wakilan "Paparoma" da aka fi son aikin turawa. Sau da yawa gishiri kadan ushu a kan gwiwoyi da karanta waƙoƙi. Mahaiba da Aunt sun yi magana da yara da kuma Rashanci, kuma a Armeniyanci. Wataƙila, an ba da yaruka ga Irina cikin sauƙi. A makaranta, na yi farin cikin koyar da Jamusanci, son Turanci. Kuma yarinyar ta ba da sauƙin bayar da sauƙi, kuma wataƙila wata ƙasa da ta samu ga kansa ta fara rubuta waƙoƙi.
A cikin 1941, dangin Irina don fitarwa a Penza. Bayan yakin, Manukov ya dawo Moscow kuma. Actionationungiyar karatun ta gabatowa, da Irina ta fara shirye domin baiwa MSU, ta canza shawarar yanke hukunci na dogon lokaci don shigar da Kwalejin Noma na Tushedavsky.
Ga jami'a, yarinyar ta ɗauka ba tare da gwaji godiya ga lambar zinare ba. Daidaita da hankali, tare da daraja, da aka yi karatun daga jami'a kuma sun shiga makarantar digiri na biyu.
Litattafai
A yayin karatunsa a makarantar digiri na digiri, Irina ta riga ta auri mai zane Lvom Tokmakov kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin jagorancin jagora. Da zarar yar yawon shakatawa daga Sweden ya zo wurinta zuwa ga rukunin, tattaunawar ta fara. Baƙon ya yi mamakin cewa Tokmakov ya san yarensa (yare na biyu a jami'a), yana son wawarkan Swodes. Bayan isowa a cikin ƙasa, ya aika wani sabon da ya fi sani da Yaren mutanen Sweden na mutanen Sweden. Irina nan da nan ya fassara 'yan kuma ya fara karanta ɗan ɗa.
Addaya a asirce ya ɗauki fassarar waƙoƙi ga gidan buga yara zuwa ga Bugawa ta buga yara, ba da daɗewa ba aka buga su: A shekara ta 1961, littafin farko na Tokmakova "kudan zuma zai jagoranci rawa". Irina da hurarrun Irina ya yi watsi da rubutun kuma ya fara ba kawai don fassara ƙarin, amma kuma don rubuta nasu waƙoƙin.
"Bayan haka, na fara tsara waƙoƙi, yayin da nake makaranta, amma na sami mummunan ƙididdigar rubuce-rubucen na," ta yarda a cikin wata hira.Rashin kimantawa na kirkirar wasikmakova ya ba da sanannen macen kararraki - Sosai Yusuf Stalin da dukan taron Soviet. Littafin rubutu tare da ayoyi Ira ya mika shi ta hanyar 'yarsa -' yan matan sun yi karatu a aji ɗaya. Amma wani fitaccen mawaki - Samuel Marshak, akasin haka, da aka dawo da Irina zuwa kerawa, wahayi zuwa da bude sabon shafin a cikin tarihin. Mawaki yara suna karanta fassarar waƙar Irina Tokmakova a Murzilka, wanda aka kira kuma an gayyace shi ya zo.
"Ya yi magana kamar dai ya kasance marshak kuma na Marshak. Na fito daga cikinsa, kuma kamar ni a cikin kwan fitila, "Na tuno wannan lokacin na pereting.Kuma sannan Sama'ila Yakovlevich ya ba da shawarar Irina Tokmakov zuwa ƙungiyar marubuta. A wannan lokacin, littafinta na farko an riga an buga - tarin poems ", wanda ya nuna zaki zaki. Sannan akwai "yanayi" (1962), "tauraron dan adam" (1963). A cikin 70s, na farko karbuwa game da ayyukan Irina Tokmakova ya bayyana: duniyan nan mai ban sha'awa "(a kan wasa" Matan "(1979).
Mawallafin da kanta ya kira takalminsa "wasan da farin ciki." Ko da babban alama na ƙasar - murabba'in ja - ya rubuta a sauƙaƙe, shi kadai kuma ku tuna farko. Kuma kirkirar Irina Petrovna tana ɗaukar aikin ilimi. Tare da waɗannan ayoyin ban mamaki zuwa wannan rana a sauƙaƙe yin wannan haruffa, lissafi, alamun alamun rubutu. Marubucin kawai yana sa haruffa da lambobin manyan haruffa tatsuniyoyin sa kuma suka yarda su ci gaba da fargaba. Don haka aka haife su ba su ƙaunataccen ƙaunatattu ba zato ba tsammani "Mayu, sifili ba laifi bane" (1984), "Aya, Kleaxich da sauran labarai a" (Aya, Kleaxich da kuma labarai da labarai.
A cikin 80s, marubucin ya ƙara neman maganganu. Odin bayan ɗayan yana fitowa daga cikin alkalam, "da safiya za ta zo", "da farin ciki, ivusshkin." Babban haruffan su sun zama kyawawan halaye masu ƙarfin hali waɗanda godiya ta yi imani da cewa kyakkyawan nasarar mugunta.
Hadarin Irina Petrovna a cikin littattafan fassarar suna da kyau. A kan asusun nata irin waɗannan fassarorin "Peter peng" James Barry, "Mii, My Mii" Myridy Carrolls, "Alice Carroll," Alice Carroll, "Alice Carroll," Alice Carroll, "Alice Carroll," Goodis Carroll. Amma tare da tanadin zamani ayyukan ƙi yin aiki.
"Yawan masu karatu da magoya baya suna da girma, amma ban ga fa'idodi daga fantasy na rudu, amma akwai cutarwa. Ta ce.Poetess da litattafan da yawa sun tafi duniya: A yi aiki a cikin Juyin Ginin kyautar Gar da kasa G. H. Ordersen, memba ne na Majalisar zartarwa ta Yara na Kasa (Toby). Kuma da kanta ta ba da girmamawa ga Regaliya: Wanda ya yi nasara a kyautar yabo ta jihar ta Rasha da Kyautar da ta gayyatar Rasha bayan Alexander Green.
Rayuwar sirri
Tare da ma'aurata ta gaba, masanin Lvom Alekseevich Tekmakov, marubuci ya haɗu, kasancewa a cikin shekara ta uku ta Filbak. Saurayin mutum sai ya kawo karshen makarantar Stoganov, sannan ya tafi kwata-kwata zuwa daidaitattun abubuwan - don aiki akan rarraba. Don haka ma'auratan suka yi aure 'yan shekaru daga baya, a ƙarshen 50s. Kuma ba da daɗewa ba matanin ya zama iyayen ɗan mara wahala.
LEV neekseeevich wanda ya dawo da matarsa cikin kerawa, da sauran rayuwar matar ta yi aiki da wani littafi, kuma ya rubuta kwatankwacinsu, kuma ya rubuta kwatankwacinsu. Don juya junanmu don taimako ko shawara ta talakawa a kansu.
"Ya kasance farkon mai karatu na farko da aikina da editan farko. Mai tsauri, amma adalci. Ba tare da yardarsa ba, ba abin da aka buga. Kowannenmu ya mutunta kuma ya yaba da ra'ayin wancan. Babu wani laifi ko tunani. Mun sami cikakkiyar tashin hankali, a wannan ma'anar, mu biyun sun yi sa'a, "muina Petrovna ya fada.Dan Vasekakov ya shiga cikin zambiyoyin Uwar, ya zama marubuci, marubucin littattafai da yawa ga masu zaba.
A shekara ta 2010, a cikin shekara ta 83 ta rayuwa, LEV Alekseevich ya mutu. A wannan shekarar, Irina Petrovna ta rasa ɗanta. A cikin shekarun da ya gabata na rayuwa, marubucin ya goyi bayan kawai jikan Lydia.
Mutuwa
Irina Petrovna ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 2018 kuma aka binne shi zuwa ga matanta a ranar 1 ga makircin makabarta Armeniya.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, marubucin, ban da fassarar da, tsibirin farin ciki "tare da misalai mai haske da hotuna. Rubutun bidiyo na Memoirs game da garin ƙaunataccen City, da yara da sauran lokutan rayuwarsu.
Littafi daya
- 1962 - "yanayi"
- 1962 - "bishiyoyi"
- 1963 - "Starry"
- 1966 - "pines hoisy"
- 1970 - "Labari game da Sasanchik"
- 1970 - "zhenka-count"
- 1980 - "Showon bazara"
- 1981 - "Hanyoyin musicilds"
- 1984 - "Wataƙila sifili ba laifi bane?"
- 1968 - "Aya, Kleaxich da harafin A"
- 1986 - "Da safe safe zai zo"
- 1991 - "cikin farin ciki, ivhrkin!"
- 2013 - "plm"