Tari
Alexander Galich - marubucin da kuma ɗan zane na waƙoƙinsu, Playwright da Phen, Mawaki da allon rubutu. Wannan sunan wani mutum - Ginzburg, da Galich ne rubuce-rubucen rubutu, wanda waƙar da aka yi wa wasiƙa daga sunayen nasa, suna da kuma mahaukaci.Yaro da matasa
Alexander an haife shi ne a cikin shekarar 1918 a cikin gari na Dniepper, tsohon Ekaterinoslave, a cikin dangin Yahudawa. Mahaifiyar Vegser Borisovna ta yi aiki a cikin Conservatory, kuma uba Aroilvich ya yi aiki a cikin tattalin arziƙin. Sasha ba shi kaɗai bane a cikin iyali, yaron yana da ƙaramin ɗan uwana Valery, wanda ya riga ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da labari a cikin Adina.
Lokacin da Alexander ya yi shekara 2, danginsa sun yi ƙaura zuwa Sevitsopol, kuma bayan shekaru 3 a Moscow. Ya ƙare a babban birnin Rasha. Kwarewar matasa marubutan iyayen da malamai sun lura da yara. Saboda haka, farkon littafin da aka farko ya bayyana a cikin majagaba phavda, lokacin da ya yi shekara 13.
Tuni a waccan lokacin Sasha sun san cewa sana'arsa za a haɗa shi da kerawa, amma ba zai iya tantance cikakken shugabanci ba. Saboda haka, bayan kammala karatun daga aji na 9, saurayin ya isa kusan lokaci guda a wasan kwaikwayon na Stanislavsky da kuma cibiyar rubutu, wanda zai jefa. Kuma bayan shekaru 3, ya bar ɗakin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayon.
A shekara ta 1939, saurayin ya shiga Alexei Arbizov da Valentine's Studio Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Studio. Alexander na farko a matsayin wasa na wasa ya faru a cikin shekara ta karatu, tare da haɗin gwiwar wasu ɗalibai, ya kirkiro yanayin wasan "City a Zare". Kuma ya rubuta waƙar don wasan kuma buga daya daga cikin matsayi.
A farkon yaƙi, ya sami 'yanci daga shaidar likita. Daga baya tare da bikin bincike, Galici ya tafi Grogny kuma ya riga ya kasance a wasan kwaikwayon Drama, inda yake aiki shekaru da yawa. Matsar da mawaka zuwa Tashcend an haɗa shi da ɗakin studio na Arbizova, wanda ya kirkiro ƙungiyar masu wasan kwaikwayo kuma an gayyace tsoffin hukumomin.
Kiɗa
Kiɗa a cikin tarihin tarihin Gallicogon yana bayyana a ƙarshen shekarun 1950s. Wani mutum ya rubuta waƙoƙi kuma da kansa yana yin su, kunna guitar. Lokacin ƙirƙirar waƙar marubucin, an manta da Bard ɗin daga al'adar soyayya kuma nan da nan ya zama ɗayan manyan wakilan wakilan. Kuma tare da fitowar masu rikodin tefa na farko, lokacin da waƙoƙin an yi rikodin kuma saurare waƙoƙin sau da yawa, canza bayanan, mutumin da aka samu mafi girman daraja.
Tuni daga baya, ƙirƙirar tarin, mutumin bai hada da waƙoƙin farko da aka fara a cikin su ba. Jagoran Amurka na 1959-1962 sun haramta ayyuka da yawa na 1959-1962 a ra'ayinsu, ba su bi maganin Soviet ba. Tare da ma'anar rashin adalci zuwa ga nasa lalata, Galichan har yanzu Galich ya ci gaba da shirya waƙoƙin da ke zama mai zurfi da kaifi dangane da dangantakar siyasa a kowane lokaci.
Tabbas, duk wannan ya kasance har zuwa wani lokaci kuma, a ƙarshe, ya haifar da rikici tare da hukumomin gwamnati. Mutumin ya hana yin kide kide da baya, samar da ayoyi na rubutun nasu da yin rikodin bayanan. A cikin ƙwararrakinsa, Galici ya zama marubuci kawai wanda ya zaɓi 'yanci, ya ƙi rayuwa mai kyau.
A madadin haka, kide kide kide kide da kide kide kide kide kide a gidaje, masu sauraron sa sun yi rikodin kuma rarraba kaset tare da waƙoƙi. Koyaya, KGB Ma'aikata sun gano waɗannan lokacin, kaset ana tura su sau da yawa, kuma kide kide sun nemi a soke.
Koyaya, wannan ba shine mafi munin abin da Alexander Arkadyevich ba. A cikin bazara na 1968, Bardagin ya yanke shawarar yin magana a cikin abokin gaba na jama'a, wanda aka riƙe a cikin tsarin bikin waƙar Wa marubucin a cikin Novosibirsk. Daga cikin ayyukanmu, wani mutum yayi song "Memory B. L. Passnerak". Kuma wata daya bayan wannan taron, littafin ya bayyana a cikin jaridar Novosibirsk jaridar, inda aka sanya galicci zuwa maganin cirewa. Nan da nan a cikin adireshin sa ya zo barazanar, hana a kan aikin waƙoƙi da danniya.
Kokarin watsi da amsawa na hukumomi, bayan shekara, Alexander Galicha suna fitar da littafin farko "waƙoƙin". Champ ya tsunduma cikin "anti-Soviet" gidan fitowar expting na baƙi ". Don wannan a 1971, a gabanin sabuwar shekara, an cire wani daga shekara ta USSR, kuma shekara mai zuwa ta gaba sai ya daina zama memba na kafuwar rubutu da ƙungiyar cinematroogramphers.
A yayin aiki a matsayin mawallafin waƙoƙi da wauta Galici ya haifar da ayyuka da yawa. Yawancin magoya baya suna ƙaunar littafin "Lokacin da na dawo," Ballad a kan wuta ta har abada da kuma sani, waƙar Bald "sake game da fasalin" da sauran labarai.
Fina-finai
A farkon lokacin rayuwa, wasan wasan kwaikwayo na Playwight ya halicci wasa kawai na atomatik. A lokacin daga 1946 zuwa 1959, ya rubuta wasanni 6, ciki har da "titin da muka zaɓa", "akwai abubuwa da yawa ko mutum yana buƙatar", da sauransu a cikin 1958, mawaƙin ya haifar da wasa da ake kira "syrosk shiru". An shirya Firist ɗin da za a gudanar a cikin "Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na zamani, wanda a wancan lokacin kawai ya buɗe. Duk da haka, ba a tsara takobi na farko ba, kuma a karon farko masu sauraro sun ga samarwa bayan mutuwar marubucin, a 1988.
A cikin 1954, wani mutum yana ƙirƙirar rubutun na farko don fina-finai. Mafi yawan tunawa da masu kallo da masu sukar fim "a kan matakai bakwai", "suna gudana a raƙuman ruwa" da sauransu. A shekarar 1964, don fim din fim din "" mai laifukan jihirin "ya ba difloma na KGB na USSR.
Rayuwar sirri
Tare da matar matar Valentina ta gaba ta Arkhangelsk Galict ya hadu a Tashkent. Matar ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. Babban ɗan'uwanta Rostislav Arkhangensky ne shugaba da m. Na wani lokaci, matasa sun hadu, kuma bayan sun koma Moscow sun yanke shawarar halartar dangantakar da ke da juna. Kuma kusan nan da nan bayan bikin, sun fara yin tunani game da yara, saboda haka bayan shekara ta shekara mai ta ta haifi 'yar mace zuwa DE Alexander. Koyaya, rayuwar mawaƙar ta ba koyaushe tana farin ciki.
Shekaru 2 bayan haihuwar danudan yaro, soyayya ta yanke shawarar komawa zuwa Irkutsk, saboda ta karbi wurin da ke jagorantar dan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin duster na gida. Dangantaka a nesa tana da wuya a ba matasa matasa, kuma a kan lokaci yana haifar da kisan aure.
Alexander Arkadyevich bai wahala daga mai zaman kansa da kuma a 1947 ya sake yin aure. A wannan lokacin da aka zaba zababbun ya zama mala'ikan Nikolaevna Shekrot. Duk da muguntar mijinta, matar tana tare da shi, tana jiransu a gida ta ƙaunaci ƙarshen.
A shekara ta 1967, bayani game da haihuwar Gallich wani ɗan aure ɗan kuma ya bayyana a cikin latsa. Bayansa ya hali wa sunan Gorky Sophia Mikhnova-Voitenko. Yaron da ake kira Grisha kuma ya rubuta sunan mahaifiyar.
Shekarun da na ƙarshe na rayuwa suna cikin damuwa ga Alexander Galich. Hakkinsa ne a matsayin marubucin kuma mai zane na waƙoƙin, yana tilasta hanyar ci gaba da ci gaba da aiki, hukumomin gwamnati sun ba da gudummawa wajen tabbatar da cewa a cikin 1974 wani mutum ya yi taho daga USSR.
Haka kuma, biyu iri na yadda ya yi shi a cikin tushen waɗancan shekarun. Wasu suna cewa a cikin visa na Isra'ila, da kuma wasu sunyi jayayya cewa hijira sun faru ne a karkashin jagorar da ke barin taron karawa juna sani na Norway. Watanni 4 bayan wannan, duk ayyukan Alexander Arkadyevich - littattafai, waƙoƙi, waƙoƙi da wasa - an hana shi a cikin USSR na ɗan ƙasa.
Barin Tarayyar Soviet, Alexander Arkadyevich a Norway. A nan, ya samar da rikodin Vinyl na farko "wani sautin kuka" ("Creek yana rayar") tare da abun compositions. A kan murfin rikodin ya sanya hoto na marubucin tare da guitar a hannunsa. Daga baya, Galibiya ya motsa zuwa Munich, sannan kuma, riga don wurin zama na dindindin, zaɓi na Paris.
Mutuwa
Bayan motsawa zuwa wata ƙasa, Alexander ya sanya rayuwa tare da matarsa. Koyaya, idyll ɗinsu a cikin sabon wurin da aka dade. Bala'in ya faru da wani mawãta a fili an shirya shi don rabo.
A wata rana, matar Galic ya tafi kantin sayar da Galiyya, kuma mutumin da a lokacin ya yanke shawarar haɗa eriya ga talabijin. Sakamakon girgiza, mutumin ya mutu a ranar 15 ga Disamba, 1977. Dalilin mutuwa shi ne Fitar wutar lantarki, wacce Galich ta karɓa saboda ba daidai ba na ɗaukar wutar lantarki.
Lokacin da matarsa ta gano shi a cikin gidan, har yanzu yana da rai da rai, amma tunda likitoci suka je wurin bala'in na dogon lokaci, Alexander bai iya ceta ba. Wani jita-jita na wani jita-jita cewa wani jita-jita cewa wakar da ba ta ba kwatsam, kuma ta shirya a gaba da shirya. Koyaya, wannan sigar ba ta sami tabbaci ba, kuma duk wanda ya kasance a shafin na mutuwar Galich kuma ya bayyana haɗari.
Irin jana'izar Alexander Arkadyeviks 7 kwanaki bayan mutuwa. Kabarin mawaƙi yana cikin Paris, a Kabarin Rasha.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shi ne cewa dakatarwar kan sakin littattafai da waƙoƙi na mawaƙi an cire su a 1980. A bayyane yake, amincewa da gwaninta na Alexander Arkadyevich, a cikin 1993 gwamnukun kasar ta yanke shawarar daukar nauyin matsayi na dan kasa.
Tari
- 1968 - "novosibirsk 1968"
- 1971-1972 - Alexander Galich "
- 1967-1974 - "Idan na dawo"
- 1974 - "Tsawon farin ciki"
- 1975 - "Galic cikin Isra'ila
- 1990 - "Dare agogo"
- 1994 - "Memory"
Filmography
- 1951 - "a cikin steppes"
- 1953-1954 - "A kan raft"
- 1960 - "Tashi" sau uku "
- 1964 - "Mai aikata laifi"
- 1964 - "Kyakkyawan birni"
- 1965 - "Matashi na uku"
- 1967 - "Gudun kan raƙuman ruwa"
- 1970 - "Taiimy ya haifar muku"
- 1976 - "Idan na dawo"