Tari
Ilya Mesnikov wani fitaccen kimiyya ne wanda masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya rubuta sunayen 'yan wasa a tarihin horon da yawa daga cywology to cytology ga ilimin kimiya. Bala'i mai ilimin halittu, "in ji mahaifin PaGocytic ka'idar rigakafi, sama da duk masu hankali da kimiyya da kimiyya, idan ba haka ba"Don rayuwa ba tare da bangaskiya ba, karshen ba zai zama daban ba, ka da imani cikin ikon ilimi."Yaro da matasa
An haifi Ilya Ilyich a ranar 15 ga Mayu, 1845 a ƙauyen Ivanovka Kharkiv Lardin (yanzu - Ukraine) a cikin iyali tare da tarihin nishaɗi. Mahaifin Ilya Ivanovich ne mai ƙasa, jami'in tsaron ya fito daga babban mai martaba. Daga cikin magabcinsa, wani fitaccen diflomasiyar karni na XVII, Polyglot, mahalarta a cikin kamfen ɗin Bitrus Babbar Nikolai ta babban Nikolai.
Mahaifiya - Emilia Lvovna, a cikin Maiden Nevakhovich. 'Y' yar mai arziki na Poland, mai bada kudi da wanda ya kirkiro zuren "littattafan 'yan Aljanna" Lev Nikolayevich nevakhovich. Haɗarkin ya yiwa mai buga magana game da sabbin abubuwa "Ellah" da shugaban na sau biyu na masu wasan kwaikwayo.
Uba na Azuarten ne kuma mai sauƙin tashi, haka nan ta lokacin haihuwar ɗa, mai bayar da wata wa'azi mai arziki da aka riga aka kiyasta, kuma dangin sun koma dangi a Ivanovka. Hakanan daga baya 'yan uwan Mesnikov kuma daga baya ya zama sananne. Zakin ya juya ya zama dan wasan Geographer, Anarrist da kuma dan kasuwa, ya halarci mahimmancin tarihin James, marubucin " Ulysses ".
A tarihin ɗan'uwan Ivana, abin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne ƙarshensa. Mai gabatar da kara na Kotun Gundumar Tula ya sha wahala daga cutar purulent, wanda ya kai ga mutuwa. Kwanaki na arshe da tunani na wannan mutumin ya kafa tushen sa na jagorancin Leo Tolstoy "Mutuwar Ivan Ilyich." Ziyarar da marubuci a fili, mai gabatar da kara a matsayin tunaninsa, wanda Tolstoy ya bayyana shi da wani fitaccen, samar da ra'ayi. Daga baya, takobin masana ilimin halittar likitocin zai ce cewa baiwa ta wallafen Rasha sun ba da "mafi kyawun bayanin" na tsoron mutuwa.
Iyali Manor a Ivanovka halartar malamai. Daga gare su, ɗalibin likita wanda ya horar da ɗan uwan zaki, kadai wanda yake tare da sha'awa da hasala mallakar ƙwarewar ƙwayoyin halitta na ILA, suna jan sha'awa, gwaje-gwajen.
A cikin 1856 ya shiga aji na 2 na Male Khariv na Male No. 2. Ya sauke karatu daga ma'aikatar da lambar zinare. A duk a duk kokarin yin amfani da ilmin halitta ba su rasa ba. A akasin wannan, laccoci ne da ake ziyarta a kan misalin antateri da ilimin kimiya a Jami'ar Kharki.
Sanarwar New Worlation, Ilya ta nemi iyaye su aika da shi don yin karatu a Jamus, amma lamarin da ya tilasta wa saurayin baya da wuri-wuri bayan tashi. Babban Gwajin wannan "Babble" shi ne aikin Charles Darwin "da asalin jinsin", sanin wanda na sami babban tasiri a kan kimiyyar kimiyya.
Shiga reshen halitta na ilimin lissafi da ilimin lissafi na Jami'ar Kharkov. Shirin ɗalibin ya kware tsawon shekaru 4, kuma na 2, wanda ya ba da fa'idodin matasa a kan abokan aiki. Daga baya, har yanzu takuba har yanzu "Jamus. A cikin 1864 ya gudanar da bincike a tsibirin Helgoland, sannan ya yi aiki a cikin binciken Rudolf Lecade a cikin rundunar gisun.
Yana da shekaru 20, ya koma Italiya, inda ya sami masani game da ilimin kimiyyar Alexander Kovalevsky, wanda zai zama abokin zama da kuma amintaccen aboki. Don samun nasarorin haɗin gwiwa a cikin embryomy na saurayin, an sami kyautar babbar kyautar Charles Barrier. Bayan dawowa zuwa Rasha, Ilyya Ilyich ke Adana Master, sannan kuma Dalili na Dokoki, ya sami damar karbar digiri kafin kai shekaru 25.
Kimiyya
Binciken da Mesnikov sun yi juyin juya hali kuma ba a karɓi ra'ayoyin kimiyya nan da nan game da aikin jikin mutum daga kawuna ba.
Hatta babban aikin masanin kimiyya, ka'idar rigakafi, wanda ya samu kyautar Nobel a fagen kwakwalwa da magani, aka soki shi.
Kafin mechnikov, an dauke farin jini maza daurins m yayin magance matakai da cututtuka. Masanin masanin ya yi jayayya cewa masu kare masu aiki ne na jiki, wanda ke ɗaukar barbashin kasashen waje a ciki. Rarraba masanin ilimin kimiyyar shi ne cewa likitocin zamani na duniya sun san cewa zazzabi ya nuna alamar gwagwarmayar, saboda haka yana cutarwa don harba shi zuwa wani alama.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wajibi ne a ayyana "tsawi na kwarewa" a gare shi. Lura da lardin taurari a cikin Italiyanci a cikin 1882, ya gano cewa sel na motsi (Pagocoytes) kewaye da lardin, kuma "ci" su.
"Ya faru da ni," takobi ya rubuta a lokacin, - cewa irin sel zasuyi aiki a cikin jiki don fitar da lambobi masu cutarwa. Na ce wa kaina cewa idan zaton na yayi adalci, to zane, a jikin larvae da sel mai motsawa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, kamar yadda aka lura da shi a cikin wani mutum wanda ya tashi yatsa. "Tun da makiyaya mai ruwan hoda a cikin tsutsa, ya tabbatar da ka'idar sannan kuma kashi ɗaya bisa kashi na karni na karni, da misalai, ilmin halitta da kuma wasu daga cikinsu zasu zama na gargajiya.
A cikin 1886th ya koma Rasha, ya zauna a Odessa. Akwai wani masanin ilimin Faransa da annobar masanin ilimin Faransa Nikolai Gamale, wanda ya yi karatu a Louis Pastur, hanyar alurar riga kafi. A wannan shekarar, masana kimiyyar ne suka bude tashar sashe na ƙwayoyin cuta na duniya don magance cututtukan cututtuka.
Shekara guda daga baya, takobi ya yi ƙaura zuwa Paris, inda ya sami wuri a Cibiyar Master. A cewar wasu rahotanni, masanin yanke shawarar yanke shawarar tashi saboda mahimmancin halayen hukumomi da kuma jama'ar kimiyya al'umma a gare shi. A Faransa, ya sami zaman lafiya da ingantacce.
Yin aiki da gefe tare da manyan tunanin zamanin Era, ya rubuta abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da CHolera, tarin fuka, TyphidoD Tuberwa, annoba. Ya kasance ma'aikaci na cibiyar har zuwa ƙarshen kwanakinsa, daga baya ya shugabanci jami'a. Ana tallafawa tare da abokan aikin Rasha, wanda ya kunshi takaddun Rasha tare da Ivan Sthenelev, Dmitry Mendeleev, Ivan Pavlov.
Ba wai kawai sabarrun ilimin kimiyya bane, bincike, amma kuma abubuwan da aka keɓe ga batutuwan falsafa, ka'idar sararin samaniya, addini ta fito daga alkalami. Mai tayar da maraƙi a faɗuwar wani ɗan kara shine wanda ya kafa ilimin kimiyyar kimiyya da kuma gabatar da ka'idar orthobiosis:
"Rayuwar da ta dace dangane da nazarin dabi'ar mutum da kuma kafa kudade domin gyara disharmonia."
La'akari da cewa mutum zai iya rayuwa shekaru 100 kuma ya fi tsayi, haɗiye shi don ƙarfafa tsawon rayuwa zuwa tsarin abinci na dama, tsabta. Kawai tare da kasancewar rayuwa, a cikin ra'ayinsa, mutum zai motsa daga cikin "encinctions na rayuwa" ga "mutuwar mutuwa". Sanya ra'ayoyinsu dalla-dalla a cikin ayyukan etades na kyakkyawan fata da etdues game da yanayin mutum.
Daga cikin abubuwan da suka shafi ingancin rayuwa da rayuwa, masanin masanin ya nuna microflora na hanji. Jawo Na dogon rai da farin ciki, yada bude budewar Bulgaria Lactic tare da ɗalibi tare da ɗalibi. A cikin 1908, ya rubuta labarin game da fa'idodin madara. Godiya ga Mesnikov, Yogurt, keefir da sauran kayayyakin abinci na abinci wanda aka haɗa a cikin abincin yau da kullun, suna ba da tallafi ga jiki.
Rayuwar sirri
Duk da shiga cikin kimiyya, a tsare masu takobi ne mai ruhaniya, mai yiwuwa yanayin saukad da. A kan samartaka da baƙin ciki da kuma kawai aminci ya samu da tabbataccen ra'ayi na duniya.
Sau biyu aure. Tare da na farko da Liudmila Fedorovich ya yi aure a cikin 1869. Amarya ta sha wahala daga tarin fuka kuma ya yi rauni sosai cewa an kawo ta ga cocin a kujera. Bayan shekaru 4, Lyudmila ya mutu, da kuma m kun yanke shawarar kashe kansa, shan kwalta. A kashi ya yi girma sosai kuma ya haifar da reflex reta.
Matar ta ta biyu ta Olga ita ce ɗalibin sa, ɗalibi ne. Babu 'ya'ya daga maza.
Mutuwa
Ilya Ilyich mutu a 1916 da cututtukan zuciya, tsira a gaban inforction.
Jiki ya zama tare da kimiya ta biye da shi. Toka na masanin kimiyyar yana a Cibiyar Mastere.
Lambobin yabo
- 1867 - Karl Bair Kyautar
- 1902 - 'yar mambobin makarantar kimiyya na St. Petersburg Cibiyar Kimiyya
- 1906 - Cutchny Indal
- 1908 - Kyautar Nobel a cikin ilimin kimiya da magani
- 1916 - Albert Lambar Royal (Al'amomin sarauta don Arts)