Tari
Marubucin marubuci na Amurka ya ba da mamaki waɗanda suka yi mamakin waɗanda ke kewaye da su, ɗa wanda da da da ta 4 zai iya karanta Littafi Mai Tsarki daga cikin abin toshe kwalaba, da dama, ana kiranta da tazara. Tarihin Tarihi na Routho shima cike da m al'amuran, faduwa da UPS.
Yana samun kudade masu kyau - kuma ya rasa yawancin kudaden yayin rikicin, ya rubuta aiki bayan wani - kuma ba zato ba tsammani jiragen ruwa na shekaru goma. Jerin nasara da gazawa sun ƙare lokacin da marubucin ya zo da Niro Wolfe da Archie Todwin - magoya bayan waɗannan alamun suna ƙaunar, kuma yawancin masu sha'awar nau'in.
Yaro da matasa
Rex Studout an haife shi ne a ranar 1 ga Disamba, 1886 a cikin garin Noblsville, Indiana, Amurka. Yana da yaro na shida a cikin iyali, yana da 'yan'uwa tara da mata. Iyayen marubucin, John Wallace Elizabeth Tandntst, mutane ne masu addini - sun kasance suna cikin motsi. Jim kaɗan bayan bayyanar yaron, danginsu sun tashi zuwa Kansas.
Marubucin uba malami ne. Ya yi amfani da damarsa na kwarin gwiwa cikin sabis, kuma a gida. A karkashin jagorancinsa, ya yi karatu a farkon karantawa, ya dauki shekaru hudu ya riga ya yi nazarin Littafi Mai Tsarki tare da sau biyu. Yaron da aka kira saurayin da Wunder, a 13 ya zama mai rikodin jihohi don rubutu. Bayan kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare, Rex ya shiga Jami'ar Kansas, wanda yake a Laxrence.
A cikin ƙuruciyarsa, daga 1906 zuwa 1908, marubucin na gaba yana aiki a cikin sojojin Amurka ta Amurka, har ma ya faru da ya zama JungT a kan Yacht. Shekaru 4 masu zuwa, sun yi aiki a nan, sannan a can, an koma daga wani jihar zuwa wani wajen neman mafi kyawun rabo. Daga nan sai mutumin ya yanke shawarar gwada sojoji a cikin wallafe-wallafen. A cikin 1910-1911, ya buga wa annan waƙoƙi da yawa a cikin mujallar Smart.
An buga Roman na farko Roman Roman Rex a 1913. Koyaya, ƙarin samun kuɗi sosai ga saurayin bai kawo aikinsa ba, kuma shirin tarin tanadin banki don yaran makaranta. A cikin 1916 an karɓi ita a makarantun Amurka 400. Kudin da aka karɓa don wannan kamfani ya wuce shekaru da yawa na rayuwa mai gamsarwa da tafiya zuwa Turai.
Littattafai
Fara da wallafe-wallafen aiki a 1910th. A tazara tsakanin 1912 da kuma 1918, a kan 40 ayyukan da aka buga. Amma, suka buga da ake kira ɓangaren litattafan almara Magazine - cheap mujallu lasafta a cikin taro karatu. A bugu da aka buga da halittun da matasa marubucin kasance duk-Story Magazine, Smith ta Magazine, Short Stories da sauransu. Rex aka bai iyakance don ensa, a lokacin da ya rubuta bincike, Kasadar, almarar kimiyya.
Sa'an nan aikin dauki hutu a aikin Stata. The saurayi so aikatãwa isasshen kudi a sauran hanyoyi, sa'an nan su shiga cikin adabi a nufinsa, ba tare da distracting. A cikin shekaru 10, Rex bai rubuta guda littafin, babban tushen ta samun kudin shiga da aka marubucin amfani accrued ga yin amfani da bankin tanadi shirin. Amma, Abin mamaki, mutumin rasa mafi wannan kudi a 1929, a lokacin da babban ciki ya fara.
A shekara ta 1929, sabon aiki na Stata aka buga - da m labari "Kamar Divine". Yana da aka bi ta uku mafi littattafai na irin wannan fuskantarwa, amma ba su rage yawa nasara. A 1934, da marubuci a asirce saki siyasa mai ban sha'awa "Shugaba bace". Incognito marubucin kafe da ban sha'awa na jama'a, sukar amsa game da sabon abu da idon. Yayin da masu karatu sun cinta wanda ya rubuta wani labari, Rex dadin jita-jita, burly a kusa da aiki. Ya bude sunansa kawai a 1939.
A cikin 1930s, marubucin cikakken mayar da hankali a kan wani jami'in tsaro salo. A 1934, Fer-de-Lance aka buga, sanya farkon Romanov jerin game da wani zaman kansu jami'in Niro Wolfe da m Mataimakin Archie Goodwin. A littafin da aka buga a Farrar & Rinehart wallafa gidan, kuma ta rage tsawon wani zaɓi da aka sanya a cikin latest saki The American Magazine.
Niro Wolf, ko, kamar yadda ya kira daya daga cikin masu sukar, "Falstafa na duniya na bincike,", ya kawo Duniya Tsarki Stata. A litattafan game da shi kafa tushen mai yawan da garkuwoyi, da fina-finai game da wani zaman kansu jami'in da mataimakansa da aka yin fim a Amurka, Jamus, Rasha da kuma Italiya.
A 1937, a cikin littafin "Hannun a safar hannu", Rex kawo wani sabon hali - da uwar gida na kadaice mallakar Agency Dol Bonner. Bugu da kari, a cikin marubuci ta bibliography akwai litattafan game da zaman kansa mai na Tekums Fox kuma da lauya Alphabet Hicks. Duk da haka, nasarar da jerin game Niro Wolfe da aka ba maimaita. Tun da 1940, da suka yi cikakken sadaukar da kansa a jerin litattafan game da wadannan biyu heroes, har karshen rayuwarsa ya aka tsunduma na musamman ga mata.
Har 1966, marubucin saki daya littafi a kowace shekara. A togiya ya fãce 1943, lokacin da Rex aka tsunduma a jama'a ayyukan. By shiga cikin kungiyar Fight for Freedom ( "Ku yãƙe Domin Freedom"), ya shiga cikin zanga-Nazi farfaganda. Lokacin da yaki ya ƙare, sai ya koma zuwa ga kerawa. A cikin duka, 33 litattafan da 41 labarin da aka rubuta game da Niro Wolfe. Daga cikin su akwai "League of Crosshead Men" (1935), "Black orchids" (1941), "Mutuwa Trap" (1944), "Case karkatarwa wuya" (1950), "Killer Trap" (1958) da sauransu.
Rayuwar sirri
A sirri rai na marubuci ya ba nan da nan. A 1916, ya aka auri yarinyar mai suna Fay Kennedy, wanda ya daga birnin Topic, Kansas. Aurensu ya rushe a shekara ta 1933. Na biyu mata Rex zama Floor Designer Weinbach Hoffman, da nee Josephine Paul Weinbach. Dubi ku da marubucin bincike, ta zauna a Austria, inda ya yi karatu a shahara m Josef Hoffman. Sa'an nan, fitowa aure wa ɗansa, Wolfgang, mayar da su cikin USA.
Rex da Paul samu Masana a shekarar 1931, duka a wancan lokacin sun ba free. A marubuci kawai gina gidansa a kan wani tsauni dake tsakanin Brewster da Danbury. Hoffman zo zuwa ga kamfanin tare da wani marubuci Liuis Gannet. Rex ta dangantakar da benaye ci gaba cikin sauri, shekara ta gaba su sunã warware up tare da nasu tsohon "na biyu halves." A 21 ga Disamba, 1932 da bikin aure ya faru, ya ciyar da rundunar bikin a wani sabon gidan, da ake kira High Meadow ( "High Meadow").
The biyu zauna da farin ciki a cikin Estate tare da ta yara - Paul haifi wani marubuci 'ya'ya mata biyu. The New York Times wakilinmu a cikin labarin game da mãtansu, suka wonderedly lura cewa yayin da Paul Yadi Artist aka kyalkyali a cikin daya da rabi daga cikin gidan, da mijinta ya rubuta kekuna game da Niro Wolfe zuwa wani "(a cikin na asali - wasan na kalmomi : "zuwa juya yarns" Hanyarmu lokaci guda kuma "yaji yarn", da kuma "hawa da bike", "mãsu unprecedenters"). Bayan rasuwar Rex, dama wa wallafe-wallafen al'adunmu koma ga matarsa.
Mutuwa
A marubuci ya rasu a kan Oktoba 27, 1975. Dalilin da ya mutuwa ya halitta - Rex kawai ya tafi zuwa duniyar sauran bayan wani dogon da hayayyafa rayuwa. Kuma ko da yake a cikin 'yan shekarun nan da suka yi ba saki a daya littafi a shekara, kamar yadda ya faru kafin, a' yan watanni kafin mutuwa, ya wallafa wani labari "Family".
A karo na biyu rayuwa daga wadannan haruffa da aka gabatar da American Robert Goldsboro, wanda ya rubuta a 'yan litattafai a matsayin kyauta ga mahaifiyarta ta rashin lafiya, wani babban fan na aikin Stata. Books fadi a kan rai ba kawai don ta, amma kuma da 'ya'ya mata na Rex. Tare da su izni a shekarar 1986, Goldsboro ayyukansu ga hasken.
Littafi daya
- 1913 - "Her An haramta Knight"
- 1929 - "Kamar Divine"
- 1934 - "Fer de lance"
- 1935 - "League na tsoratar da mutane"
- 1937 - "Hannun a Slove"
- 1939 - "Mummunan"
- 1941 - "Daga cikin kisan"
- 1946 - "Morgov Street №1"
- 1949 - "Girmama na biyu"
- 1953 - "Gwargwadon Golders"
- 1956 - "Ku ci, ku sha,
- 1962 - "Gambit"
- 1968 - "Brain bin"
- 1973 - "Da fatan za a kawar da zunubi"
- 1975 - "dangi"