Tari
Jean de Lafontsiton - Mawaƙa-Basininople da marubuci, babban Faransa Classic. Duk da aro daga wasu marubutan, duka tsoffinsu, ya kirkiro sararin salla, na sirri da na musamman, musamman kuma na musamman, mai canzawa da kowa. Bassni, godiya ga wanda Babastan Bude shahara, ya zama karamin sashi na rubuce-rubucen. Ya rubuta 'yan labarai masu yaji a ayoyi, da labari, da aka gwada kansa a cikin ƙwarewa da fantasy, a cikin comedy. Waɗannan ayyukan an lalata su da tunani da kyawawan baƙin ciki.Yaro da matasa
Jean de Lafontaine (Jean De La Fontainemaine (Jean de La Fontaine) an haife shi ne a ranar 8 ga Yuli, 1621 a cikin Chateau-Thierry, lardin Champagne. Shi ne dan Charles Ducontaini-Tierry Chaonu-Tixy Chotau-Tierry da kallo Masters, kuma Francoise, Jean Pidu, Ubangiji Madur. An haifi ƙaramin ɗan'uwanta mai suna Claude a cikin 1623. 'Yar'uwar tsohuwar ta Ann de Zhui shekara 161 ce ta farko da ta fara'uwa ta farko da Louis de Zhui' yan wasa.
Ya kwashe shekarun farko na rayuwa a Fatau Terryry, a cikin gidan da iyayensa suka siya a 1617. Babu wani bayani kadan game da shekarun makaranta. An san shi ya ziyarci kwalejin ɗan asalin haihuwarsa, taguwa Latin. A can ya zama abokai tare da Francois de Mokrua, mawaƙi na gaba da mai fassara, Abbot wanda ya rinjayi Lufonya.
Iyaye sun shirya ɗaliba mai matsakaici don seminiyata kuma a cikin 1641 sun sanya shi cikin baka. Bayan shekara guda, saurayi ya bar hanyar addini, wanda ya fi son karanta Onion D'Urryf da Francois Rabl maimakon St. Augustine.
Bayan haka, Jean ya je wurin Paris don yin nazarin dama. A wurin da ya shiga cikin da'irar samari, wanda ake kira kansu "Knights na Tebur zagaye," ya sadu da Paul Pellisson, FLancois Charpathy, Tallmoman de Reo. A cikin 1649, Lafeon sun sami difloma ta lauda kuma ya sayi gidan mahaifinsa cikin Fatouu-Tierry. Jean na kasancewar aikin hukuma. A wancan lokacin, littattafan sa sun kasance sun mamaye, kuma ya yanke shawarar sadaukar da kansa ga kerawa.
Aiki
Aikin adali na farko na tarin Fahontaine ya zama mai ban dariya a cikin ayyuka 5 ", eunuch", da aka buga a 1654. Amincewa da aikin tsohon dan wasan Roman Roman na magana, wanda ya wuce ba a iya yarda da shi ba.
A wannan lokacin, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na wallafe-wallafen Faransa ya kasance mafi girman Nicholas EVe, Ministan Kula da Luis XIV, wanda ya taka rawa a tarihin mawaƙin. Ba da daɗewa ba Lafontiton ya sami oda zuwa waƙoƙi aiki da kuma "littafin rubutu na rubutu" a cikin livres dubu.
Baya ga aikin tilas, mawaƙin ya sadaukar da mawaka zuwa waka "Adonis", an rubuta shi cikin Ruhun tsohuwar mawaƙan Ovdi, ya fara ƙirƙirar aiki a cikin ƙasa na mallakar Estate a cikin Le Sansa De Vaax. Fadar saduwa a wancan lokacin ya kasance a cikin matakin Gina, don haka Lafonten ya bayyana shi ta hanyar mafarki. Wannan OMA ya kasance ba bisa taimakon wannan ba saboda kama ministan a cikin 1661.
Jean ya kasance da aminci ga aboki kuma mai jagoranci, a cikin kariyarsa, ya yi wa Louis XIV, wanda ya sa fushin gidan Jean- Batista Kolberera.
Wani sabon mai tunani Lafeonten da aka samu a fuskar Marie Annie Mancini, to, a ƙarami na Cardinal Mazarinans, sannan Duchess na Orleinans. A karkashin yarjejeniyar ta ƙarshe buga tarin m mawaƙa "Tales da Noresla a ayoyi" a 1664. Yakonoto ya haɗa shi, makircin wanda aka aro daga waka "na Orlando" na marubuci marubuci Louis Ariostto, kuma "fashe da mai yiwuwa.
Ayyukan da suka gabata na mawaƙin sun kasance m, kuma wannan tarin ya haifar da jayayya a cikin da'ira a da'ira da jayayya tsakanin Lafondon da kuma Duke na musan, wanda aka fassara ta "" orlando orlando "a baya.
A cikin 1665 da 1666, guda biyu littattafai "labari da sabon labari a cikin ayoyi" sun fito. A wannan lokacin marubucin ya juya zuwa ga m plotots na BokcachCho da tarin tatsuniyoyi na "ɗari daban-daban, wanda ke ɗauke da ayyukan tatsuniyoyin Faransa. An zargi Lafontaine ta hanyar sakewa a cikin rashin kyawawan halaye da ɗabi'a.
A cikin 1668, mawaƙin ya buga littafin Bassen, wanda ya ƙunshi ayyukan sabon salo, wanda ya kafa wa wanda aka kirkiro wani tsohuwar mawaƙin Greek. A kallon farko, waɗannan tatsuniyoyi ne, amma halinsu, halaye da ladabi da ma'ana zartarwa ya bambanta su daga halittun da ya gabata na lafonten.
A cikin tarin da ake kira "Basni Ezopa, da" voron da Fox "(" hankula da kuma mura ")," cicada da mubani "(" Cicada da Muriyawa "(" Cicada da Muriyawa "," fox da inabi da Fox. Waɗannan sunaye sun saba da mai karatun Rasha tun daga yara a cikin ayyukan Ivan Krylov.
Bayan haka, 5 ƙarin littattafan Basen a aya aka buga. Waɗannan ayyukan sun sadaukar da su ga Datalinta da Faransa na sami nasara, ya kawo shahara ga Mahalicci. A iri-iri da kyauta a cikin siffar, Basni Lafonthen ya rufe wasu fannoni da yawa na ƙwarewar ɗan adam. A cikin zamanin gwagwarmaya don tsarkakakken harshe, marubucin ya yi amfani da kalmomin archic, colloqualism, tsari mai rauni.
Basyy yayi kamar zuwa zamani tare da ayyukan sakandare na sakandare, wallafe-wallafen yara. Ana tunawa da ayoyin masu sauki da sauki, amma a lokaci guda ta nuna fahimtar zurfin yanayin mutum. Lines daga gare su zama raka'a jumla na Faransanci.
A cikin 1669, Lafonten da aka buga "ƙauna ta Psyche da CupID", wani dogon labari a cikin ayoyi na zamanin da "jaki da aka yi wahayi zuwa na zinariya". Wannan aikin, wanda ya bambanta da tsarin zane mai ɗabi'a da fom ɗin mai haɓaka, ya bayyana halin marubucin don ƙauna, kyakkyawa da fasaha, ya bar nuna wariyar jama'a. Tsararruka sun sami rubutun tare da ka'idodin sabani na gargajiya na gargajiya.
Tarin labarai na 3 "ya bayyana a cikin 1671, 8 sabon labari ya shiga. A wannan shekarar, Lafontainte dole ya bar bunsenan gaba, bayan mutuwar Duchess of Orleans, ya kasance ba tare da aiki ba. Duk da haka, a cikin 1673, marubucin ya sami sabon aikin kulawa, Margarita de La Siberiyanci, wanda Sirus wanda Sirus ɗin da aka tattara manyan masanan kimiyya, mawaƙa, da masana falsafa da sauran mutanen kimiyya da fasaha.
A cikin 1673-1682, Lafonane ya buga ayyuka da yawa: Waƙoƙi don tarin ayyukan tattarawa, Epitap Molver, sabbin tatsuniyoyi da sauran ayyuka. A cikin 1674, marubucin ya yi ƙoƙarin kansa a cikin itacen opera, amma bai cika wannan gwajin na adanawa ba.
A cikin 1682, ya rubuta "waƙa game da itacen Chiny" a cikin kwayoyin kimiyya na kwayoyin talla. A cikin 1684, memba na Kwalejin Faransa, ma'aikatun gargajiya na sarki. Kafin hakan, marubucin bai ɗauki sau da yawa ba saboda walwala na Louis XIV, Na tuna da Jean a yanayin FUCHUS.
Mayad da aka saki jerin Bass, wanda aka buga tsakanin 1689 da 1692, an tattara su a cikin wani littafi sadaukarwar da aka keɓe ga Duke Burgundy, babban ɗan babban Duke. A cikin 1680s, tare da halartar dan wasan kwaikwayon Charles shevia de Shanmele, Lafontaine ya rubuta wasa mai ban dariya "Ragotn", "Folornan" da "Sirrin" ".
Bayan mutuwar MS. De La Sabireel a cikin 1693, tunanin Lafinonten ya juya ga cocin. Ya ƙi tatsuniyoyi masuhiranci kuma ya yi alkawarin ba da ragowar kwanakin na halittar ayyukan da ke da kyau. Tarin na ƙarshe na Basen ya bayyana a cikin 1694.
Rayuwar sirri
A cikin 1647, mahaifin Lafonnna ya yi bikin aure na Jean tare da Marie Erikara, 'yar Louis Erikara, Lieutennant Itivika, da Agnes Petit daga nartabis. Kwamirin auren da aka sanya hannu a cikin yankin Chateu-Chatery a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 1647 a notary na Thierry Francois. Mawakanka yana da shekara 26, matarsa - 14 da rabi. A matsayin amarya amarya ce ta zama ma'aurata 20,000. A cikin 1652, Marie ta haifi ɗan Charles, babu sauran 'ya'ya daga Lafonsau.
Matashin matan mawaƙin yana da kyau kuma mai hankali, amma samari bai yi hulɗa da juna ba. Abokan gaba sun kori tsegumi game da rayuwar mutum na marie, mai laifi kawai cewa ta kasance m roƙon mahaifa da kuma mai karatu.
Jean ya kasance ko da yaushe daga gida, yana da bayyanar kyakkyawa, wanda za'a iya yin hukunci da shi da hoton mawaƙin, ba ya adana amincin matarsa. A hankali, Lafinona ya fara bin matsalolin kuɗi.
A cikin 1658, matan sun rarraba kayan kuma ba za su daina zama tare ba tare da wani ɓacin rai ba. Marie ta kasance cikin Chaeu-Thierry, inda Charles da ilimi suka kula da ita. Mawayin ya tafi babban birnin Faransa.
Game da lokacin rayuwa da kuma al'ummar caca na Lafontainte fim ɗin "Kalubale" Danibor Daniel Viny, wanda ya zo hotunan hoto a 2007.
Lafonten abokai ne tare da Prince Cin da Prince, Fuchet, Madame de Lafayette. Akwai sigar da ya tallafa wa dangantakar da Molierere, Belual da Racin, amma ba a tabbatar da gaskiyar ba.
Mutuwa
Tare da farkon cutar a cikin 1692 Mawaki ya zama wa litattafan littafi mai tsarki, sun ki yarda da mafi yawan ayyukan m, waɗanda aka shafa wa hanya ta gari. Jean Lafeonten ya mutu a ranar Afrilu 13, 1695 a Paris. Sanadin masu binciken mutuwa suna yin la'akari da tarin fuka. Da aka binne shi a makabartar tsarkaka a cikin Paris, ba a tsira ga ranar yau ba.
A lokacin rushe binns a lokacin juyin juya halin Faransa, ragowar mawaƙi da aka jinkirta wa gidan kayan gargajiya na Farkon Faransa, sannan a Kabarin Lashez. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shine Kasan kansa ya rubuta Albishirin sa, wanda aka sani da "Epitaphy sludge":
Ivan ya mutu, kamar haihuwar, -Ba tare da komai ba; Yana jin daɗi a rayuwarsa
Kuma lokaci shine yadda zaka raba:
A cikin duka ranar - Na sha, na yi barci da dare.
Faɗa
Babu wani abu mai haɗari da aboki na jahilai - zan fi son abokin gaba mai wayo. Ba tukuna na siyarwa ba ne a kan hanyar da muka zaɓa don guje wa ta . Kamar abubuwa mafi girma, sun kai ga kyau. Yi amfani da su kawai da hutu da aikinku.Yana aiki da Basni
- "Soyayya Psyche da Cupid"
- "Waƙa game da itacen Chiny"
- "Sihiri
- "Kyarkeci da rago"
- "Beraye biyu, kwai da Fox"
- "Swan da dafa"
- "Fox da Heron"
- "Biri da damisa"
- "Hankaka da fox"
- "Korean da Nightale"
- "Gout da gizo-gizo"
- "Kare tare da abincin dare"
- "Fortune da Yaro"
- Zomo, Cutss da Cat "